User:Pat Palmer/sandbox/todo list: Difference between revisions

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----
----
= U.S. orgs to normalize names for=
{{r|Federal Bureau of Investigation}}
{{r|Office of Management and Budget}}
{{r|Supreme Court of the United States}}
{{r|United States Secretary of the Treasury}}
== Name OK ==
{{r|U.S. Senate}}
= Intellectual property =
{{r|Law}}
{{r|Copyleft}}
{{r|Copyright}}
{{r|Digital rights management}}
{{r|Open source software}}
{{r|Patent}}
{{r|Public domain}}
{{r|Trademark}}
= History of the U.S. Navy/Related Articles (look over) =
{{r|United States Navy}}
{{r|Naval warfare}}
==American Civil War==
{{r|Battle of Hampton Roads}}
==World War I==
==Interwar and WWII==
{{r|Pearl Harbor (World War II)}}
{{r|Doolittle Raid}}
{{r|Battle of the Coral Sea}}
{{r|Battle of Midway}}
{{r|Guadalcanal Campaign}}
{{r|Battle of Savo Island}}
{{r|Battle of Rennell Island}}
{{r|Battle of the Philippine Sea}}
{{r|Battle of Leyte Gulf}}
{{r|Battle of Surigao Strait}}
{{r|Battle of Okinawa}}
{{r|Chester Nimitz}}
{{r|William Halsey}}
{{r|Fast carrier operations}}
{{r|Island hopping}}
----
= Yoga =
{{r|Asana}}
{{r|Ashtanga vinyasa yoga}}
{{r|Ashtanga}}
{{r|Bhagavad Gita}}
{{r|Hatha Yoga Pradipika}}
{{r|Hinduism}}
{{r|Kerala}}
{{r|Maharishi Swatmarama}}
{{r|Mantra}}
** and individual mantras and the literary sources for them
{{r|Metaphysics}}
{{r|Patanjali}}
{{r|Sanskrit}}
{{r|Shatkarma}}
{{r|Swami Muktibodhananda Saraswati}}
{{r|Swami Satyananda Saraswati}}
{{r|Swami Sivananda Saraswati}}
{{r|Yoga Sutras of Patanjali}}
{{r|Yogasutras}}
{{r|Yoga}}
----
{{r|Ramakrishna}}
{{r|Sant Mat}}
{{r|Sathya Sai Baba}}
----
= Unis =
{{r|Bob Jones University}}
{{r|George Washington University}}
{{r|Liberty University}}
{{r|Regent University}}
{{r|Pepperdine University}}
{{r|Shawnee State University}}
{{r|University of Aberdeen}}
{{r|University of Alaska Fairbanks}}
{{r|University of Calgary}}
{{r|University of California}}
{{r|University of California, Berkeley}}
{{r|University of Cambridge}}
{{r|University of Chicago}}
{{r|University of London}}
{{r|University of Manchester}}
{{r|University of Missouri}}
{{r|University of Nottingham}}
{{r|University of Oslo}}
{{r|University of Oxford}}
{{r|University of Tennessee (Knoxville)}}
{{r|University of Texas Medical Branch}}
{{r|University of Toronto}}
{{r|University of Virginia}}
{{r|University of Wyoming}}
----
IVY LEAGUES:
{{r|Brown University}}
{{r|Columbia University}}
{{r|Cornell University}}
{{r|Dartmouth College}}
{{r|Harvard University}}
{{r|Princeton University}}
{{r|University of Pennsylvania}}
{{r|Yale University}}
----
= Press =
* [[The Guardian]]
* [[National Review]]
* [[New York Times]]
** [[New York Times Presidential Endorsements]] - should this be merged?
* [[Wall Street Journal]]
* [[Washington Post]]
* [[Washington Examiner]]
* [[New York (disambiguation)]]
=HEALTH RELATED=
* [[Ideal body weight]]
* [[Health consequences of obesity]]
* [[Integrative medicine]]
* [[Maximum life span]]
* [[Salt and health]]
* [[Near-death experience]]
* [[Vitamin D deficiency]]
* [[Dietary supplement]]
* [[Survival of the Fattest]] - need renaming
----
{{r|Traditional medicine}}
{{r|Ayurveda}}
{{r|Traditional Chinese medicine}}
{{r|Shamanism}}
{{r|Indigenous knowledge}}
{{r|Phytotherapy}}
{{r|Sympathetic magic}}
{{r|Coccidioides posadasii}}
----
=Press / Media / Newspapers etc=
{{r|Al-Jazeera}}
{{r|Jerusalem Post}}
{{r|New Republic}}
{{r|New York Times}}
{{r|Wall Street Journal}}
{{r|Washington Post}}
{{r|Washington Times}}
= Cryptography =
{{r|One-time pad}}
{{r|Stream cipher}}
= Images likely to end up deleted =
* Hitler in the trenches.png
= Guantanamo Bay=
* find a way (Category? Subgroup?) to group all these Guantanamo Bay CIA articles from GS, e.g.:
** [[Periodic Review Board]]
** [[Gail Helt]]
** [[Convening authority]]
** [[Extrajudicial detention]] and [[Extrajudicial detention, U.S.]]
** [[Sami Mohy El Din Muhammed Al Hajj]]
** [[Periodic Review Secretariat]]
** [[John D. Altenburg]]
** [[Guantanamo captives' documents]]
** [[The Al Qaida Plan (film)]]
** [[Charlotte Wise (lawyer)]]
** [[Anne Leanos]]
= Parallel articles to be merged =
{{r|Director of Central Intelligence}}
{{r|Director of National Intelligence}}
{{r|Director of the Central Intelligence Agency}}
----
{{r|Turkey (bird)}}
{{r|Domestic_turkey}}
{{r|Roast turkey}}
{{r|Turkey dinner}}
{{r|Thanksgiving (U.S.)}}
{{r|Thanksgiving}}
----
* [[Origins and architecture of the Taj Mahal]]; merge into [[Taj Mahal]]
----
* [[Baruch Spinoza]] and [[Philosophy of Spinoza]]
----
* [[Oruzgan police station attack of January 2002]] -rename at least, or maybe merge somewhere else then delete
----
* Re: History of Japan in early 20th century, a number of poorly named articles, including:
*{{r|February 26, 1936 Incident}}
** Look at everything that links to this to find more articles, as well as what it links to and Related Articles
** Prolly need to merge all into one article somehow
----
* Do we need both [[Renewable energy]] and [[Renewable energy commercialization]]?  Does [[Nuclear power reconsidered]] link to them?
----
* competing; need merging, or just delete one
** [[Israel]]
** [[State of Israel]] - Howard C. Berkowitz
** [[Occupied Territories]]
* look at [[Arab-Israeli Conflict]] and [[Israel-Palestine Conflict]]; are they both needed?  Adequate?  [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] ? [[Hamas]]? [[ Hezbollah]]?
** Also, [[Goldstone Report]]
** Look at [[Palestine Liberation Front]], [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], [[Palestine Solidarity Committee]], [[Palestine/Definition]], [[Palestine (region)]], and [[Palestine (disambiguation)]]
----
* merge [[George W. Bush Administration]] (HCB) and [[George W. Bush]]
* merge [[Obama administration]] and [[Barack Obama]]
** [[Obama Administration]] redirect
* [[Alternative medicine (theories)]] and [[Complementary and alternative medicine]]
* merge or delete [[Vertical takeoff and landing]], [[STOVL]] (redirect), and [[Short takeoff and vertical landing]]
----
* merge or cross-link
** [[Charity]]
** [[Nonprofit Terminology]]
** [[Nongovernmental organization]]
** [[Non-governmental organization]] and [[Non-governmental organization/Definition]]
** [[Non-profit organization]] and several articles starting with "Nonprofit..."
** [[Interest group]]
** [[Philanthropy]] by [[User:Roger A. Lohmann]]
= PRIORITY =
= PRIORITY =
 
* look at [[Roman Republic]] and [[Roman Empire]]
** also [[Roman Emperor]]
* rename [[Roast turkey]] as [[Turkey roast]]
** also check categories and cross-ref with other "recipes"
* rename [[Mine (land warfare)]] to [[Landmine]]
** look also at [[Demining]]; probably merge it with Landmine
* [[Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion]] and [[Flue gas]] and [[Flue gas desulfurization]]
** [[Energy storage]] and [[Energy policy]] and [[Energy policy and global warming]]
** and all the other articles with Energy in the title
* possibly rename [[Executive_Schedule_(U.S._government)]]
{{rpl|Conventional takeoff and landing}}
* [[Film]] redirects to [[Movie]]; but should not!  It should be "moving picture"; film alone means photographic film.
* [[Louisville, Kentucky]] is a redirect to [[Falls of the Ohio]]
** across the river is [[Jeffersonville, Indiana]]
* rename [[National Security Agency]] to [[U.S. National Security Agency]]
** also needs a major rewrite
* rename [[Society_of_Jesus]] to [[Jesuits]] (and deserves significant expansion)
* misnamed cities
** move [[Tucson]] to [[Tucson, Arizona]]
** move [[Ottawa]] to [[Ottawa, Ontario]]
* [[Schutzstaffel]] - rename, at a minimum; possible merge and delete
** compare to [[Gestapo]] and [[RSHA]]
** SS?
* [[Labor Unions, U.S., History]] --> [[History of U.S. labor unions]] - try to zap redirect, and then link properly
* [[Health care]] --> [[Health care delivery]] - possibly, even probably, need to just zap both
* [[Amherst, Massachusetts]] - update and improve, link
* [[Hydrogen bomb]] links to [[Fusion device]] (which is now a stub, because it was terrible
* delete all the articles about National Highways in Vietnam; about a dozen of them
* [[Jesus]]
** [[Jesus Christ]] REDIRECT
** [[Jesus of Nazareth]] REDIRECT
* [[Jesus in Christianity]]
* [[Jesus in Islam]]
----
* combine [[Israel]] and [[State of Israel]]
* rename [[George M. Carl]] to something like [[George M. Carl (boat)]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, Egypt]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, Israel]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, Soviet Union]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, U.K.]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, U.S.]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, U.S., George W. Bush Administration]]
* [[Extrajudicial detention, U.S., Barack Obama Administration]]
* [[Russell Kirk]] remove missing refs and restructure those left with a real title and info
* [[Russell Kirk]] remove missing refs and restructure those left with a real title and info
* rename [[Andes]] to [[Andes Mountains]]?
* rename [[Andes]] to [[Andes Mountains]]?
Line 36: Line 301:
* rename [[Diego Garcia]] ?
* rename [[Diego Garcia]] ?
* [[Iraq War]] and other articles starting with that name
* [[Iraq War]] and other articles starting with that name
** [[Saddam Fedayeen]] and [[Saddam Hussein]]
* [[Louis Behrens]] and [[Louis Behrens (fireboat)]] - cross-link with cities at a minimum
* [[Louis Behrens]] and [[Louis Behrens (fireboat)]] - cross-link with cities at a minimum
* all the articles on [[User:Ori Redler]] probably need looking at
* all the articles on [[User:Ori Redler]] probably need looking at
Line 90: Line 354:
{{r|U.S. Department of Defense}}
{{r|U.S. Department of Defense}}
{{r|Common operational picture}}
{{r|Common operational picture}}
{{r|Swarming (military)}}
 
{{r|Blue Force Tracker}}
{{r|Blue Force Tracker}}
{{r|Fratricide (military)}}
{{r|Fratricide (military)}}
Line 100: Line 364:
{{r|Caesium}}
{{r|Caesium}}
{{r|Cobalt}}
{{r|Cobalt}}
{{r|Counterproliferation}}
 
{{r|Decontamination}}
 
{{r|Explosive ordnance disposal}}
{{r|Explosive ordnance disposal}}
{{r|Federal Emergency Management Agency}}
{{r|Federal Emergency Management Agency}}
Line 183: Line 447:
* [[Amazon]] - disambiguate?
* [[Amazon]] - disambiguate?
* [[Amazon.com]] and [[Jeff Bezos]] - merge?
* [[Amazon.com]] and [[Jeff Bezos]] - merge?
* [[Social conservatism]] - improve or delete; merge w/[[Christian Right]]?; parts written in "present tense"
* Social conservatism - improve or delete; merge w/Christian Right?; parts written in "present tense"
* [[CZ:Rules]] - example of marked not in use
* [[CZ:Rules]] - example of marked not in use
* [[U.S._Federal_Police_agencies]] not interlinked adequately
* [[U.S._Federal_Police_agencies]] not interlinked adequately
Line 317: Line 581:
* [[SS]]
* [[SS]]
* [[Third Reich]]
* [[Third Reich]]
* [[National Socialism]]
* National Socialism
* [[Lebensborn]]
* [[Lebensborn]]


Line 784: Line 1,048:
* [[Signals intelligence collection, ship-based]]
* [[Signals intelligence collection, ship-based]]
* [[Signals intelligence before the Second World War]]
* [[Signals intelligence before the Second World War]]
* [[Signals intelligence from 1954 to 1979]]
* Signals intelligence from 1954 to 1979
* [[Snake (animal) oil (cryptography)]]
* [[Snake (animal) oil (cryptography)]]
* [[CZ:Security_Subgroup]]
* [[CZ:Security_Subgroup]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 1 December 2024

To User:Pat_Palmer/sandbox

U.S. orgs to normalize names for

Name OK

  • U.S. Senate [r]: The upper house of the United States Congress. [e]

Intellectual property

  • Law [r]: Body of rules of conduct of binding legal force and effect, prescribed, recognized, and enforced by a controlling authority. [e]
  • Copyleft [r]: The use of traditional copyright and intellectual property law to pursue goals of open sharing and collaboration. [e]
  • Copyright [r]: An exclusive property grant on creative works granted to authors of those works for a period set by law. [e]
  • Digital rights management [r]: Legal and technical techniques used by media publishers in an attempt to control distribution and usage of distributed video, audio, ebooks, and similar electronic media. [e]
  • Open source software [r]: Software where the source code is freely modifiable and redistributable. [e]
  • Patent [r]: Grant made by a government that confers upon the creator of an invention the sole right to make, use, and sell that invention for a set period of time. [e]
  • Public domain [r]: Intellectual property that is not protected by copyright, trade mark or patent. [e]
  • Trademark [r]: A word, phrase, design, or other feature that is legally accepted to identify the source of a product or service [e]

History of the U.S. Navy/Related Articles (look over)

  • United States Navy [r]: Branch of the U.S. armed forces] responsible for combat on, over, and under water. [e]
  • Naval warfare [r]: The military history of the organized navies of the world from 300 BCE to the present. [e]

American Civil War

World War I

Interwar and WWII

Yoga

Unis

IVY LEAGUES:


Press

HEALTH RELATED

Press / Media / Newspapers etc

Cryptography

Images likely to end up deleted

  • Hitler in the trenches.png


Guantanamo Bay

Parallel articles to be merged

  • Re: History of Japan in early 20th century, a number of poorly named articles, including:
  • February 26, 1936 Incident [r]: Add brief definition or description
    • Look at everything that links to this to find more articles, as well as what it links to and Related Articles
    • Prolly need to merge all into one article somehow

PRIORITY

Wikipedia

media

started

not started

checklist

    • template definition
    • rating
    • owner
    • circulation
    • external link to website
    • other crosslinks

WW II

helicopters

more HCB links to check


nuclear


ISMs for review

TO DO

Martin Nolan, starting early Aug 2023

U.S. Treasury downgraded

presidential

Hitler : merge?

Subtopics

Other related topics

Related articles

Yet more

placeholder

Major camps:

Other Camps:

WITH DEFINITIONS:

Perpetrators at Auschwitz:

Other camps:

Other:

These still link to Delaware, preventing me from making Delaware (disambiguation).

These need to be reconciled and cleaned up:

articles from Wikipedia

Birth control article cluster needs major re-org

Contraception_(disambiguation)

Social:

Animals:

Another reorganization coming

If no one objects, I'm going to break this article into smaller articles. IUD's, birth control pills/patches, cervical caps, condoms, etc. each have a very different record of effectiveness, and I think the reader ought to be able to see clearly on the disambiguation page which methods are more vs. less effective. It's going to be a lot of work. And really, I think the top-level article ought to be called "birth control" and not "contraception". Why use a great big word that only doctors use, when the rest of the planet uses the everyday words? Maybe when this was all first written, people were trying to avoid controversy, but it can't be avoided. Let's just tell the facts, then separate out the controversy part into separate articles or at least sections.Pat Palmer (talk) 12:13, 22 January 2023 (CST)

In the process of doing this, it means this article will need to be "unapproved", which in a way is a shame, because the bulk of the information has not changed. But I don't agree with having all these many different medical approaches lumped into one article; it's a disservice to women, who cannot quickly and easily decide which topic they want to read about but are instead exhausted with a deluge of technical information. Thus, I will "unapprove" this article, not because it's out of date per see, but because I don't agree with the structure.Pat Palmer (talk) 12:16, 22 January 2023 (CST)

ordering

  • create a draft of a new version of Birth control intended to be the top level article
  • what needs to be disambiguate, and why?
  • break the unapproved Contraception (medical methods) into its constituent parts, with a good opener and /Definition for each part showing the effectiveness of that method
  • work in Abortion (which itself is lame right now) somewhere
  • create a separate article about "the abortion pill" or (is it distinct?) "the morning after pill", including efficacy, politics and availability struggles

Templates to study

To read (policy)

Examples

Move for disambig

articles maybe to rename

duplicate articles now exist about the Bright Leaves documentary film

Please see the note at Talk:Bright_Leaves. Of the two articles, Bright Leaves and Bright Leaves (documentary), please tell me which to keep and which to delete. And after that's done, I think the one that remains should be Bright Leaves (documentary), with Bright Leaves being a redirect to Bright Leaf (disambiguation).Pat Palmer (talk) 14:52, 21 December 2022 (CST)

consider Bot Ton for deletion

Hi George, I see you created Bon_Ton here 6 months ago and gave it {{WPattribution}}, but nothing links to it, nor does it say you wrote it yourself. Thus, I propose deleting it. Please let me know if there is some reason it should NOT be deleted. I'm trying to clear out things from Wikipedia that are not in the act of being improved. If you wrote it over in WP, please make a note on the Talk page here and let me know. Pat Palmer (talk) 13:15, 27 December 2022 (CST)

Kali mantra

DEVI ARGALĀ STOTRAM
Hymn to Goddess to Remove Impediments
From the Devī Mahātmyam [Mārkendeya Purana]

Kalika Mantra, below -- that is a wonderful mantra for the first three days of Navatri. Helps to clear out the old, transform whatever muck lies in the subconscious, and integrate all aspects of our being -- even those aspects we try hard to pretend are not there. It makes space for the new, unveils our beautiful inner light, and supports our evolution, as individuals and as a community!

With love, and prayers for all good things, Ananya 

Om Jayanti Mangalā Kālī Bhadra Kālī Kapālinī
Durgā Kshamā Śivā Dhātrī Svāhā Svadhā Namostute

From WP: (Kali article)

Kali could be considered a general concept, like Durga, and is primarily worshiped in the Kali Kula sect of worship. The closest way of direct worship is Maha Kali or Bhadrakali (Bhadra in Sanskrit means 'gentle'). Kali is worshiped as one of the 10 Mahavidya forms of Adi Parashakti. One mantra for worship to Kali is:[32] 

सर्वमङ्गलमाङ्गल्ये शिवे सर्वार्थसाधिके । शरण्ये त्र्यम्बके गौरि नारायणि नमोऽस्तु ते ॥
ॐ जयंती मंगला काली भद्रकाली कपालिनी । दुर्गा क्षमा शिवा धात्री स्वाहा स्वधा नमोऽस्तु‍ते ॥

Sarvamagalamāgalyē śivē sarvārthasādhikē. Śaraṇyē tryambakē Gauri nārāyaṇi namō'stu tē.
Oṃ jayantī mangala kālī bhadrakālī kapālinī . Durgā kṣamā śivā dhātrī svāhā svadhā namō'stu‍tē.

In fact, chanting of Mahishasura Mardhini is a daily ritual in all Hindu Bengali homes especially during Navratri / Durga Pujo as it is called.[citation needed]

The chant of the first chapter of Durga Saptashati is considered a very important hymn to Sri Mahakali as Devi Mahatmyam / Durga Saptashati dates back to the Upanishadic Era of Indological literature.

Maintenance

ToDo items and notes

High Priority

To do, interests, bookmarks

Cryptography

HB stuff to check

Computers

Disambig

To work on:

General

Eduzendium articles 2009

Group 1 - article: Mashup

Group 2 - article: Online document services, including Google_Docs_vs._Microsoft_Word

Group 3 - article: speech recognition

Group 4 - article: Online dating and possibly several smaller, related articles as needed

Group 5 - article: Digital Rights Management (DRM)

Group 6 - article: Adaptive learning (forwarded from Intelligent tutoring)

Group 7 - article: Web browser media plugins, in particular Silverlight vs. Flash

Group 8 - article: Google Android, plus a brief introductory article: Smartphone and enhancements to existing article IPhone

Group 9 - articles: Ajax and Ajax framework

Orphan images

  • Two works in the Water Garden at Grounds for Sculpture in 2008
  • Bruce Beasley's 1986 Dorian at Grounds for Sculpture in 2008

Google Analytics

TOP PERFORMING PAGES: (Oct 2021)

TOP GROWING PAGES: (Oct 2021)

DEVICES: (Oct 2021)

  • desktop 19,900
  • mobile 15,200
  • tablet 690

TOP COUNTRIES: (Oct 2021) United States - 11.9K Philippines - 6.23K India - 3.52K

Macrobiotics

about Paris, Tennessee

about slavery

  • HRK, who lives out of his car a lot and moves about from place to place, was backpacking in 2020 out West as he does every summer. He made it to Utah, but before that, for my amusement, he stopped over in Paris, Idaho, and sent me a bunch of photos of that place, which is actually quite interesting. From those photos, I got to reading about Paris, Idaho (small, unincorporated), which was founded by a Mormon named Charles Coulson Rich. He was born in Kentucky and after converting to Mormonism, tried living for a while in Missouri. And then the local population in Missouri fought a war (okay, illegally and unsanctioned, but not hindered either) to drive Mormons out of Missouri. The local non-Mormon population really got riled with hatred of the Mormons, possibly because their daughters were in danger of being married off to a Mormon extended family. After being chased out of Missouri, Rich and friends tried to go to Utah and make that place pretty much their own. But they accidentally founded Paris over in Idaho because nobody knew in those days exactly where the state line was. Charles Coulson Rich, this highly successful early Mormon who had six wives, also owned, as it turned out, six slaves--which might be another reason people in Missouri were trying to drive the Mormons out. I hadn't realize how much violence was against the Mormons back in the 1800's. And Mormonism itself is such a mixed bag of Goodness and Badness, with the polygamy thing being again both good and bad. And these ultra religious ultra righteous seeming folks owned slaves. Yep, it's a huge mess. [ I emailed this to Randall in 2020 ]
  • The following is from Petra Vaughn's Facebook post on Sept. 22, 2020

“In 1866, one year after the 13 Amendment was ratified (the amendment that ended slavery), Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Tennessee, and South Carolina began to lease out convicts for labor (peonage). This made the business of arresting Blacks very lucrative, which is why hundreds of White men were hired by these states as police officers. Their primary responsibility was to search out and arrest Blacks who were in violation of Black Codes. Once arrested, these men, women and children would be leased to plantations where they would harvest cotton, tobacco, sugar cane. Or they would be leased to work at coal mines, or railroad companies. The owners of these businesses would pay the state for every prisoner who worked for them; prison labor. It is believed that after the passing of the 13th Amendment, more than 800,000 Blacks were part of the system of peonage, or re-enslavement through the prison system. Peonage didn’t end until after World War II began, around 1940.

The 13th Amendment declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." (Ratified in 1865) Lawmakers used this phrase to make petty offenses crimes. When Blacks were found guilty of committing these crimes, they were imprisoned and then leased out to the same businesses that lost slaves after the passing of the 13th Amendment. This system of convict labor is called peonage.

The majority of White Southern farmers and business owners hated the 13th Amendment because it took away slave labor. As a way to appease them, the federal government turned a blind eye when southern states used this clause in the 13th Amendment to establish laws called Black Codes. Here are some examples of Black Codes:

  • In Louisiana, it was illegal for a Black man to preach to Black congregations without special permission in writing from the president of the police. If caught, he could be arrested and fined. If he could not pay the fines, which were unbelievably high, he would be forced to work for an individual, or go to jail or prison where he would work until his debt was paid off.
  • If a Black person did not have a job, he or she could be arrested and imprisoned on the charge of vagrancy or loitering.
  • In South Carolina, if the parent of a Black child was considered vagrant, the judicial system allowed the police and/or other government agencies to “apprentice” the child to an "employer". Males could be held until the age of 21, and females could be held until they were 18. Their owner had the legal right to inflict punishment on the child for disobedience, and to recapture them if they ran away.

This (peonage) is an example of systemic racism - Racism established and perpetuated by government systems. Slavery was made legal by the U.S. Government. Segregation, Black Codes, Jim Crow and peonage were all made legal by the government, and upheld by the judicial system. These acts of racism were built into the system, which is where the term “Systemic Racism” is derived.

Subpages of this page

  1. Cryptography
  2. Home automation
  3. Macrobiotics
  4. Macrobiotics notes
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