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- An '''electron''' is an [[elementary particle]] that carries a negative [[elementary charg ...entary charge |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e|search_for=electron+charge |work=The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty |publi3 KB (445 words) - 20:16, 19 November 2020
- In [[atomic spectroscopy]], an '''electron shell''' is set of spatial orbitals with the same [[principal quantum num ...on Hamiltonian. This commutation occurs if, and only if, the effective one-electron Hamiltonian is rotationally invariant.3 KB (430 words) - 13:54, 3 March 2023
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 15:04, 27 January 2008
- 26 bytes (2 words) - 10:34, 19 September 2009
- #REDIRECT [[Electron configuration]]36 bytes (3 words) - 17:27, 2 April 2008
- ...n, i.e., a function of a single vector '''r''', the position vector of the electron.<ref> Here "orbital" is used as a ''noun''. In [[quantum mechanics]], the ' ...rmalizable one-electron function", not necessarily eigenfunctions of a one-electron [[Hamiltonian]].10 KB (1,514 words) - 19:38, 20 November 2009
- ...of particle physics. It is the [[neutrino]] that is associated with the [[electron]].169 bytes (24 words) - 20:24, 19 November 2020
- 162 bytes (20 words) - 13:34, 4 September 2011
- ...ron configuration''' specifies the occupancy with electrons of different [[electron orbital]]s of an atom or molecule. ...bel of an orbital is its energy and orbital degeneracies do not occur, the electron configuration of the ground state of a low-symmetry molecule is simple. It905 bytes (131 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 01:30, 6 August 2008
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 18:08, 27 July 2008
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 18:15, 27 July 2008
- 19 bytes (4 words) - 01:52, 6 August 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Helium/Ground state electron configuration]]56 bytes (6 words) - 13:11, 13 June 2008
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- 66 bytes (13 words) - 01:56, 6 August 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Hydrogen/Ground state electron configuration]]58 bytes (6 words) - 13:17, 13 June 2008
- 50 bytes (10 words) - 01:20, 6 August 2008
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- 34 bytes (7 words) - 18:04, 27 July 2008
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- 50 bytes (10 words) - 18:17, 27 July 2008
- 66 bytes (13 words) - 01:58, 6 August 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Lithium/Ground state electron configuration]]57 bytes (6 words) - 13:38, 13 June 2008
- 50 bytes (10 words) - 01:21, 6 August 2008
- 49 bytes (10 words) - 20:25, 22 August 2008
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- 66 bytes (13 words) - 03:59, 28 July 2008
- 50 bytes (10 words) - 01:22, 6 August 2008
- ...cally integrable one-electron function (function of the coordinates of one electron)147 bytes (16 words) - 07:40, 31 October 2008
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 18:10, 27 July 2008
- 50 bytes (10 words) - 01:43, 6 August 2008
- 81 bytes (10 words) - 05:37, 4 March 2010
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- #REDIRECT [[Mercury (element)/Electron configuration]]54 bytes (5 words) - 14:59, 10 May 2010
- 24 bytes (2 words) - 18:46, 23 April 2008
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- 50 bytes (10 words) - 18:18, 27 July 2008
- 54 bytes (9 words) - 12:52, 27 June 2008
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- A group of electron orbitals that share the same principal quantum number (''n'').118 bytes (16 words) - 21:00, 19 March 2009
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 09:32, 8 October 2007
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 23:29, 10 September 2013
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- ...'''electron configuration''' of an atom specifies the occupation of its [[electron orbital|orbitals]]. The atomic orbitals (AOs) are labeled by a principal qu ...for the source of the AOs and the building-up principle. A table of atomic electron configurations of all natural elements is given below in increasing [[atomi21 KB (3,868 words) - 09:15, 6 March 2024
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- 66 bytes (13 words) - 22:19, 19 August 2008
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 01:29, 6 August 2008
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (289 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- 34 bytes (7 words) - 18:07, 27 July 2008
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- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron orbital]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (173 words) - 05:43, 6 March 2024
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron shell]]. Needs checking by a human.541 bytes (69 words) - 16:15, 11 January 2010
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 14:04, 27 January 2008
- ...reactions that couple a chemical reaction between an electron donor and an electron acceptor to the transfer of protons across a membrane.204 bytes (30 words) - 12:53, 17 March 2010
- A specification of the occupation of an [[atom]]'s [[electron orbital]]s by [[electron]]s.126 bytes (18 words) - 12:17, 8 November 2008
- 51 bytes (10 words) - 14:59, 10 May 2010
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron configuration]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (169 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- 2 bytes (1 word) - 13:17, 13 June 2008
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Atomic electron configuration]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Electron configuration}}697 bytes (89 words) - 05:42, 6 March 2024
- 29 bytes (6 words) - 13:38, 13 June 2008
- 14 bytes (3 words) - 13:11, 13 June 2008
Page text matches
- A specification of the occupation of an [[atom]]'s [[electron orbital]]s by [[electron]]s.126 bytes (18 words) - 12:17, 8 November 2008
- * [[electron orbital]], a one-electron function (in quantum chemistry) * [[atomic orbital]], in quantum mechanics a one-electron function for an atom338 bytes (41 words) - 12:38, 31 May 2009
- {{r|Electron acceptor}} {{r|Electron donor}}921 bytes (113 words) - 15:53, 1 April 2012
- ...ctric current''' refers to the flow of [[electric charge]], for example, [[electron]]s through a [[conductor]], or [[ion]]s in a [[plasma]]. Electric current c ==Electron flow==711 bytes (103 words) - 08:37, 21 August 2011
- ...cally integrable one-electron function (function of the coordinates of one electron)147 bytes (16 words) - 07:40, 31 October 2008
- ...reactions that couple a chemical reaction between an electron donor and an electron acceptor to the transfer of protons across a membrane.204 bytes (30 words) - 12:53, 17 March 2010
- ...cipline that deals with the behavior and effects of [[electron]]s (as in [[electron tube]]s and [[transistor]]s) and with electronic devices, systems, or equip230 bytes (32 words) - 12:08, 16 October 2010
- ...ron configuration''' specifies the occupancy with electrons of different [[electron orbital]]s of an atom or molecule. ...bel of an orbital is its energy and orbital degeneracies do not occur, the electron configuration of the ground state of a low-symmetry molecule is simple. It905 bytes (131 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- ...of particle physics. It is the [[neutrino]] that is associated with the [[electron]].169 bytes (24 words) - 20:24, 19 November 2020
- ...[muon neutrinos]], and [[tau neutrinos]], each with a charged partner, the electron, the [[muon]], and the [[tau]], respectively.905 bytes (124 words) - 16:28, 1 May 2010
- #REDIRECT [[Electron]]22 bytes (2 words) - 06:08, 18 May 2010
- #REDIRECT [[Electron configuration]]36 bytes (3 words) - 17:27, 2 April 2008
- ...attempt to gain or lose electrons to either "fill" or "empty" the outer [[electron shell]]. See for more details [[chemical bond#octet rule|chemical bond]].389 bytes (62 words) - 11:04, 24 April 2010
- #REDIRECT [[Atomic electron configuration]]43 bytes (4 words) - 03:38, 18 December 2007
- #REDIRECT [[Mercury (element)/Electron configuration]]54 bytes (5 words) - 14:59, 10 May 2010
- #REDIRECT [[Lithium/Ground state electron configuration]]57 bytes (6 words) - 13:38, 13 June 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Helium/Ground state electron configuration]]56 bytes (6 words) - 13:11, 13 June 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Hydrogen/Ground state electron configuration]]58 bytes (6 words) - 13:17, 13 June 2008
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron orbital]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (173 words) - 05:43, 6 March 2024
- The '''electronvolt (eV)''', also commonly spelled as electron volt (two words), is a unit of [[energy]] used in many branches of [[physic ...pdf Physics Today] on September 19, 2009</ref>), so that the energy of the electron in the field is −''e''Φ. When ΔΦ = 1 volt, the potenti1 KB (206 words) - 06:21, 20 September 2009
- ==Electron microscopes==659 bytes (74 words) - 19:00, 5 October 2010
- A material conducive to the transfer of [[electron]]s through it100 bytes (14 words) - 11:12, 26 July 2009
- Dutch-American physicist (1900-1988) known for the discovery of electron spin.114 bytes (13 words) - 10:52, 4 January 2010
- A group of electron orbitals that share the same principal quantum number (''n'').118 bytes (16 words) - 21:00, 19 March 2009
- The potential of a physical system to provide or accept [[electron]]s.106 bytes (15 words) - 17:29, 28 August 2010
- {{r|Electron orbital}} {{r|Electron}}550 bytes (65 words) - 14:24, 19 October 2010
- An abbreviated description of the angular momentum quantum numbers in a multi-electron atom.129 bytes (16 words) - 04:17, 29 April 2009
- [[Chemical]] that accepts [[electron]] pairs donated by a Lewis base; used as reaction promoters and ]]catalyst]151 bytes (20 words) - 09:30, 4 July 2009
- An [[atom]], excluding [[hydrogen]] itself, with only one electron, having charge +(Z-1), where Z = atomic number.150 bytes (19 words) - 11:34, 13 July 2008
- A chemical element whose [[atomic electron configuration]] of the ground (lowest energy) state has an incompletely fil174 bytes (22 words) - 19:05, 10 May 2010
- ...e>{{Subpages}}</noinclude>A [[spin]] 1/2 elementary particle, such as an [[electron]], [[muon]] or [[neutrino]], that is not subject to the strong force.162 bytes (22 words) - 13:28, 4 September 2011
- A chemical that accepts electron pairs, but sometimes defined as proton (H<sup>+</sup>) or hydronium (H<sub>177 bytes (27 words) - 02:24, 28 February 2011
- ...nic chemical containing a nitrogen atom with tetrahedral arrangement of it electron pairs and its lone pair of electrons.164 bytes (23 words) - 18:51, 14 June 2008
- |Atomic mass|Atomic number|Atomic symbol|Boiling point|Electron configuration|Electronegativity|Periodic table of elements|Standard phase137 bytes (17 words) - 05:50, 6 March 2024
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Atomic electron configuration]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Electron configuration}}697 bytes (89 words) - 05:42, 6 March 2024
- ...d Model can not explain these results. The Standard Model assumes that the electron has no structure.2 KB (249 words) - 14:47, 20 September 2020
- A function in quantum mechanics describing the motion of an electron in a molecule.119 bytes (17 words) - 05:53, 20 May 2008
- ...ach having two rows and two columns, which represent the components of the electron spin operator.166 bytes (22 words) - 04:36, 4 September 2009
- ...presentation of the arrangements of [[atomic nucleus|atomic nuclei]] and [[electron]]s within a [[chemical compound]].168 bytes (21 words) - 07:04, 7 April 2010
- Function in quantum mechanics describing the motion of an electron around the nucleus of an atom.134 bytes (19 words) - 05:43, 20 May 2008
- A high-energy [[electron]] or [[positron]] emitted, along with a [[neutrino]], by the decay of an at186 bytes (25 words) - 11:25, 14 March 2011
- Functions used as atomic orbitals in the LCAO method for the computation of electron orbitals in molecules.144 bytes (20 words) - 19:54, 3 September 2009
- ...es and photons have momentum. Compton measured [[Compton Scattering|photon-electron scattering]] in 1922 and received the Nobel in Physics in 1927 for his achi2 KB (298 words) - 16:41, 18 September 2021
- {{r|Electron orbital}} {{r|Electron shell}}876 bytes (107 words) - 10:56, 11 January 2010
- ...found at [[Lewis acid-base theory]]. Lewis acids can accept a share of an electron share either because they have an incomplete valence shell, as does AlCl<su696 bytes (118 words) - 09:32, 4 July 2009
- Experiment to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron), between tiny charged droplets of oil suspended between two metal electrod196 bytes (26 words) - 03:58, 4 September 2009
- ...ble of undergoing oxidation-reduction reactions, and can accept either one electron in a two step process or can accept two electrons at once. The flavin [[moi ...]], it donates its electrons to O<sub>2</sub> (through the mitochondrial [[electron transport chain]]), releasing enough energy to synthesize approximately 13 KB (366 words) - 21:39, 6 April 2009
- ...f engineering that deals with the behavior and effects of electrons (as in electron tubes and transistors) and with electronic devices, systems, or equipment.206 bytes (29 words) - 15:15, 9 August 2008
- ...having electric charges of a magnitude one-third or two-thirds that of the electron, regarded as constituents of all hadrons.205 bytes (30 words) - 04:50, 4 September 2009
- ...oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound.208 bytes (28 words) - 10:45, 3 September 2009
- Charge of electron (negative) and proton (positive); before discovery of the quark thought to242 bytes (31 words) - 13:20, 10 March 2011
- Experiment designed by Fermilab, using the NuMI Off-Axis Electron Neutrino Appearance (NOvA) detector facility to examine neutrinos sent from243 bytes (32 words) - 03:39, 5 December 2011
- In [[atomic spectroscopy]], an '''electron shell''' is set of spatial orbitals with the same [[principal quantum num ...on Hamiltonian. This commutation occurs if, and only if, the effective one-electron Hamiltonian is rotationally invariant.3 KB (430 words) - 13:54, 3 March 2023
- ...ctronics''' is the [[science]] of systems that work based on the flow of [[electron]]s through various substances or a [[vacuum]], for the purposes of storing217 bytes (31 words) - 02:19, 20 February 2010
- ...ch ATP is formed by coupling the transfer of electrons through a series of electron carriers to proton gradients across a biological membrane; most frequently273 bytes (39 words) - 12:52, 17 March 2010
- ...c radiation produced by the acceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus.206 bytes (28 words) - 00:22, 2 May 2009
- ...that produces [[visible light]] when impacted by [[ionizing radiation]], [[electron]]s, or other energies outside the visible spectrum; the emission of light m262 bytes (38 words) - 10:15, 14 March 2011
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron configuration]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (169 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (263 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...mbedded in thylakoid membranes, mediating the initial light harvesting and electron transfer steps in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants262 bytes (32 words) - 22:17, 4 December 2010
- ...drop experiment''' was the first experiment to measure the charge of the [[electron]]. It was performed in 1909 by Robert Millikan and later earned him the Nob202 bytes (31 words) - 01:14, 19 December 2007
- ...drogen]] atom (1913) predicts the existence of a smallest orbit for the [[electron]] circulating the hydrogen [[nucleus]]. Today the radius of this orbit is ...his assumption is made) and ''e'' is the [[elementary charge|charge of the electron]].1 KB (231 words) - 08:53, 14 September 2013
- {{rpl|Electron transfer chain}}178 bytes (23 words) - 02:35, 25 September 2013
- ...hase|Molar Mass|Periodic table of elements|Atomic Symbol|Molecular Formula|Electron Configuration|Table left|Table right|Table above|Table below|group|period|b244 bytes (33 words) - 05:49, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (280 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...], and [[radon]]. In an inert gas atom the [[Atomic_electron_configuration|electron configuration]] has completely filled any occupied [[Atomic_orbital|orbital339 bytes (45 words) - 22:27, 20 May 2022
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}1 KB (198 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...'', refers to the magnitude of the electrical charge both on an [[Electron|electron]] and on a [[Proton|proton]]. It was first measured by Robert Millikan in ...of its charge is designated +e, whereas the magnitude of the charge on the electron, which carries a negative charge, is designated -e.3 KB (454 words) - 09:43, 30 March 2011
- ...description of an [[atom]] suggests a very broad region for finding the [[electron]]. It is difficult to define a sharp boundary for distance between the elec ...from left to right) between the opposite charges in the [[nucleus]] and [[electron cloud]] cause the atom to be 'sucked' together a little tighter. Atomic ra1 KB (171 words) - 05:42, 6 March 2024
- ...n (squiggle); ''Center'': simultaneous emission and absorption; ''Right'': electron on left emits photon.}} ...tical basis were the anomalous [[Magnetic moment| magnetic moment]] of the electron and the [[Lamb shift]].<ref name=Kinoshita/>2 KB (277 words) - 07:56, 13 October 2011
- An '''electron''' is an [[elementary particle]] that carries a negative [[elementary charg ...entary charge |url=http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e|search_for=electron+charge |work=The NIST reference on constants, units, and uncertainty |publi3 KB (445 words) - 20:16, 19 November 2020
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (210 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (208 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}1 KB (209 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...umber''', usually designated by ''n'', appears in the description of the [[electron|electronic structure]] of [[atom]]s. The [[quantum number]] first arose in ...s in this theory at two places: in the energy ''E''<sub>''n''</sub> of the electron and in the length ''a''<sub>''n''</sub> of the semi-major axis of the ''n''5 KB (873 words) - 15:11, 15 May 2022
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (215 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (225 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (224 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Electron configuration}} {{r|Electron}}2 KB (218 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (226 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (231 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|electron}}159 bytes (19 words) - 15:01, 7 December 2008
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (250 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{rpl|Electron density}}536 bytes (65 words) - 18:50, 19 December 2020
- {{r|Electron}}214 bytes (26 words) - 04:57, 17 August 2009
- ...ctron]] pair and a Lewis base is any species that can donate a share of an electron pair. In this theory, neutralization occurs when the Lewis acid and Lewis ...emicals form a complex in which BF<sub>3</sub> accepts a share of the lone electron pair of NH<sub>3</sub>.3 KB (523 words) - 05:03, 12 September 2013
- {{r|Electron configuration}} {{r|Electron}}2 KB (245 words) - 17:08, 22 March 2024
- {{r|Electron beam therapy}}355 bytes (39 words) - 02:46, 21 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron}}2 KB (257 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}2 KB (256 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron shell}}2 KB (246 words) - 16:13, 1 April 2011
- ...alf-integral spin, i.e., an odd multiple of one-half. Examples include the electron, the proton, and the neutron.468 bytes (72 words) - 20:43, 12 November 2020
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}408 bytes (53 words) - 01:33, 19 April 2011
- .../sup> kg = 105.7 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>, which is 206.8 times the mass of the [[electron]].415 bytes (63 words) - 20:26, 19 November 2020
- {{r|Electron}}467 bytes (60 words) - 09:35, 29 March 2024
- .../sup> kg = 1,777 MeV/c<sup>2</sup>, which is 3,477 times the mass of the [[electron]].411 bytes (63 words) - 20:51, 19 November 2020
- ...physicist who, with [[Samuel Abraham Goudsmit]], proposed the concept of [[electron spin]]. ...cal force by a requirement regarding the internal behavior of every single electron] appeared in [http://www.springerlink.com/content/u20q85248gp8166q/ Die Nat2 KB (357 words) - 10:17, 8 April 2023
- Chemical loss of [[electron]]s, gain of [[oxygen]], or loss of [[hydrogen]], from an [[atom]], [[ion]]276 bytes (40 words) - 15:52, 1 April 2012
- ...sics)|tau]] (τ<sup>−</sup>), and their associated [[neutrino]]s: the [[electron neutrino]] (ν<sub>e</sub>), [[muon neutrino]] (ν<sub>μ</sub>), and Leptons can possess [[electric charge]] as in the case of the electron, muon, and tau (all negatively charged), and the corresponding antileptons4 KB (603 words) - 21:01, 19 November 2020
- ....vanderbilt.edu/bsci111a/photosynthesis/photosynthesis.htm Photosynthesis: Electron flow and the Hill reaction]. ** <font face="Gill Sans MT">Four informative diagrams summarizing electron flow dynamics in the thylakoid membranes during photosynthesis.</font>3 KB (442 words) - 22:56, 2 December 2010
- {{r|Electron shell}}430 bytes (56 words) - 19:08, 11 January 2010
- ...n, i.e., a function of a single vector '''r''', the position vector of the electron.<ref> Here "orbital" is used as a ''noun''. In [[quantum mechanics]], the ' ...rmalizable one-electron function", not necessarily eigenfunctions of a one-electron [[Hamiltonian]].10 KB (1,514 words) - 19:38, 20 November 2009
- {{r|Electron transport chain}}856 bytes (92 words) - 02:18, 7 March 2024
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (289 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...the Periodic table of elements, highlighting [[atomic size]] as well as [[electron configuration]] and providing a new approach to the placement of [[hydrogen616 bytes (84 words) - 06:33, 6 March 2024
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Electron shell]]. Needs checking by a human.541 bytes (69 words) - 16:15, 11 January 2010
- ...'' [[Joseph John Thomson]]'s cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the [[electron]] and its negative charge). ...riment, which demonstrates the wave nature of the electron]</ref> in the [[Electron diffraction]] experiment.4 KB (522 words) - 10:02, 11 April 2008
- {{r|Electron transport chain||**}}1 KB (105 words) - 19:17, 27 November 2009
- {{r|Electron configuration}}513 bytes (65 words) - 17:19, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Electron orbital}}486 bytes (63 words) - 20:25, 11 January 2010
- An '''ion''' is an [[atom]] or a [[molecule]] that has lost or gained [[electron]]s. If an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positively charged479 bytes (80 words) - 13:30, 19 August 2020
- {{r|Electron}}739 bytes (99 words) - 03:25, 3 October 2009
- {{r|Electron shell}}595 bytes (75 words) - 19:43, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Electron}}624 bytes (83 words) - 11:58, 31 December 2022
- {{r|Electron}}569 bytes (73 words) - 19:06, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Electron shell}}641 bytes (79 words) - 20:25, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}650 bytes (85 words) - 19:18, 11 January 2010
- * [http://www.fidelitysystems.com/Unlinked_DNA.html DNA under electron microscope]1 KB (182 words) - 17:22, 27 September 2007
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}577 bytes (73 words) - 20:52, 11 January 2010
- ...the [[Lewis acid-base theory]] is more comprehensive and defines acids as electron pair acceptors. As such, acids are the opposite of [[base (chemistry)|bases .... A base, according to the Lewis definition, is a compound that donates an electron pair. NH<sub>3</sub> would be considered the base in the preceding example.4 KB (691 words) - 08:05, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Electron orbital}}669 bytes (82 words) - 18:37, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Electron}}686 bytes (93 words) - 10:58, 11 January 2010
- ...'''electron configuration''' of an atom specifies the occupation of its [[electron orbital|orbitals]]. The atomic orbitals (AOs) are labeled by a principal qu ...for the source of the AOs and the building-up principle. A table of atomic electron configurations of all natural elements is given below in increasing [[atomi21 KB (3,868 words) - 09:15, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}629 bytes (79 words) - 20:08, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Electron}}777 bytes (99 words) - 16:15, 11 January 2010
- ...dic_table_of_elements|periodic table]], alkali atoms have a single valence electron and are readily ionized by its removal, resulting in an ionic charge of +1.795 bytes (106 words) - 18:09, 12 May 2022
- {{r|Electron orbital}}802 bytes (105 words) - 17:42, 11 January 2010
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- ...w.ps.uci.edu/~superk/neutrino.html What's a Neutrino].</ref> Initially the electron-accompanying neutrino was presumed to have no [[mass]]. Physicists subsequently confirmed the existence of the 'electron neutrino' and provided evidence that it has a "vanishingly small" but finit6 KB (932 words) - 09:45, 13 March 2022
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- ...particle is both larger, more massive, and more heavily charged then an [[electron]] or [[gamma ray]].744 bytes (120 words) - 16:27, 19 December 2007
- ...ject''' is an experiment designed by [[Fermilab]], using the NuMI Off-Axis Electron Neutrino Appearance (NOvA) detector facility to examine [[neutrinos]] sent ...flavors, which are each related to a different fundamental particle: the [[electron]]; the [[muon]]; and the [[tau]]. <ref name=neutrino>[http://www.ps.uci.edu8 KB (1,160 words) - 04:28, 7 October 2013
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- {{Image|Achnanthidium minutissimum.jpeg|right|350px|Electron microscope photo of a 10-micron-long diatom, Achnanthidium minutissimum (K�994 bytes (130 words) - 10:40, 3 July 2022
- ....vanderbilt.edu/bsci111a/photosynthesis/photosynthesis.htm Photosynthesis: Electron flow and the Hill reaction]. ** <font face="Gill Sans MT">Four informative diagrams summarizing electron flow dynamics in the thylakoid membranes during photosynthesis.</font>5 KB (747 words) - 02:23, 7 March 2024
- {{r|Electron mass}} me mass 9.109 3826(16) × 10−31 kg683 bytes (86 words) - 05:29, 11 September 2011
- ...apable of forming [[hydrogen bond]]s with other chemical entities that are electron donors. It is very similar to [[glutamine]], which has one extra carbon on725 bytes (122 words) - 06:17, 8 June 2009
- ...c constant]], ''e'' is the [[elementary charge]], ''m<sub>e</sub>'' is the electron mass, ''c<sub>0</sub>'' is the [[SI units]] defined value for the [[speed o ...According to this model, the wavelength ''λ'' of a transition of an electron moving from state ''n'' to state ''p'' is then:4 KB (708 words) - 17:44, 8 June 2022
- ...ll swellings, and exocytosis of vesicles from them has been studied at the electron-microscopic level using the texchnique of tannic acid perfusion to capture When viewed under the electron microscope, the Herring bodies stand out as very occasional, exceptionally5 KB (759 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
- ...ted MR) is a common shorthand for [[Nuclear magnetic resonance]] (NMR) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). Magnetic resonance is the basis for a number of [[spe933 bytes (116 words) - 04:16, 26 September 2013
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- ...eriment|Davisson and Germer's research in 1927]] on the [[diffraction]] of electron beams by nickel crystals,<ref>Clinton J. Davisson & Lester H. Germer (1927) .../nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1937/davisson-lecture.pdf The discovery of electron waves] Clinton Davisson Nobel lecture, Dec. 13, 1937</ref><ref>[http://nobe7 KB (963 words) - 03:55, 1 November 2010
- *{{cite book |title=Theory of Itinerant Electron Magnetism |author=Jurgen Kubler |pages=pp. 165 ''ff'' |isbn=0199559023 |pub1 KB (148 words) - 12:46, 25 December 2010
- *Negatively charged elementary particle with a mass 3270 times the mass of an electron.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va= ...b'': a very short-lived unstable meson with mass 1532 times the mass of an electron (aka omega meson)<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?bo3 KB (474 words) - 15:58, 19 March 2022
- {{r|Electron orbital}}1,006 bytes (129 words) - 20:33, 11 January 2010
- ...Then three-fold energy splitting after switching on electrostatic electron-electron interaction (''L'' and ''S'' good quantum numbers). Then splittings after s # Of the Russell-Saunders states arising from a given [[electron configuration]] those with the largest spin quantum number ''S'' lie lowest4 KB (593 words) - 09:31, 25 October 2009
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- ...the motion—in the quantum mechanical sense of the word—of the electron around the [[nucleus]] of an [[atom]]. ...tion is invariant under rotation, like the Schrödinger equation of the one-electron atoms, it can be shown that the angular parts of the solutions consist of [14 KB (2,265 words) - 05:37, 6 March 2024
- ...t as isolated atoms in their elemental forms; instead, they each share one electron with one other atom to form diatomic molecules. ...nd one halogen atom, are particularly strong acids owing to high halogen [[electron affinity]]. Care should be taken when handling these acids, particularly at6 KB (813 words) - 06:00, 6 March 2024
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- ...es/physics/laureates/1937/davisson-lecture.pdf C. J. Davisson Discovery of Electron Waves-Nobel Lecture 1937] Nobel Foundation</ref><ref>[http://idol.union.edu3 KB (447 words) - 10:19, 30 May 2009
- ...t area per unit frequency, ''n''<sub>e</sub> and ''n''<sub>i</sub> are the electron and ion densities, respectively, ''Z'' is the number of protons of the bend ...no photons are created because the energy supplied by acceleration of the electron by the positively charged nucleus is less than the minimum energy required3 KB (411 words) - 12:12, 24 May 2008
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- In [[quantum chemistry]], a '''molecular orbital''' (MO) is a one-electron function that is "smeared out" over a whole molecule. Usually an MO is a li ...tes]] (a bipolar coordinate system) to describe the wave functions of the electron of H<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>.8 KB (1,408 words) - 09:47, 24 April 2010
- ...|Standard phase|Molar mass|Elemental Class|Atomic symbol|Molecular formula|Electron configuration|Table left|Table right|Table above|Table below|group|period|b998 bytes (139 words) - 06:58, 6 March 2024
- ...Atomic Weight|Standard phase|Molar mass|Elemental Class|Molecular formula|Electron configuration|Table left|Table right|Table above|Table below|group|period|b1,007 bytes (140 words) - 06:57, 6 March 2024
- ...more ATP via an [[electron transport chain]] with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by cellular respiration is by [[oxidati ...namide adenine dinucleotide|NAD]] to [[NADH]]. [[NADH]] can be used by the electron transport chain to create further [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] as part of9 KB (1,309 words) - 04:08, 26 September 2007
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (194 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
- A term symbol is often preceded by the [[Atomic electron configuration|electronic configuration]] that leads to the ''L''-''S'' coup ...es that the state has odd parity. This is the case when the sum of the one-electron3 KB (467 words) - 01:09, 21 February 2010
- {{r|Electron orbital}}1 KB (143 words) - 10:13, 9 May 2011
- ...ys. In this type of display, a group of many tiny CRTs would provide the [[electron]]s to hit the [[phosphor]]s of one [[pixel]], instead of having one giant C3 KB (427 words) - 10:31, 28 June 2023
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (193 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...;6.241 509 647 ·10<sup>18</sup> times the charge ''e'' of an electron.<ref>1,010 bytes (146 words) - 11:10, 21 October 2021
- ...at are completely unoccupied. The filled bands cannot conduct, because the electron configuration is fixed, having occupied all the available energy levels. Co ...cupied higher band can conduct by shifting energy levels within this band (electron conduction). Evidently, the number of holes and the number of higher-energy7 KB (1,045 words) - 09:16, 9 April 2011
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (197 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (199 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...illations increase, the propagated energy increases (expressed in units of electron volts of photon energy). See diagram also in article, [[Electromagnetic ra1 KB (200 words) - 19:42, 19 July 2010
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (199 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (202 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
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- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (202 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...bottom quarks have a negative charge with a magnitude one third that of an electron. Protons contain two up quarks and one down quark, thus resulting in a net3 KB (489 words) - 07:22, 28 May 2022
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}} {{r|Electron configuration}}3 KB (457 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
- Separately the one-electron spin functions are coupled to eigenstates with quantum number ''S'' of tota ...minus;1|, 1, 1+1 = 0, 1, 2. In total, Russell-Saunders coupling gives two-electron states labeled by the term symbols:22 KB (3,334 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}1 KB (201 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...''' is a flow, through space, of atomic and subatomic particles, such as [[electron]]s (β-radiation) and [[helium]] nuclei (α-radiation), or of high ...illations increase, the propagated energy increases (expressed in units of electron volts of photon energy). See diagram also in article, [[Electromagnetic ra3 KB (523 words) - 21:16, 22 July 2010
- ...p-type'', and those that do not have impurities and exhibit equal hole and electron concentrations are called ''intrinsic''. ..., while donor impurities have "extra" valence electrons, and must yield an electron to the host and become positively charged.11 KB (1,755 words) - 13:05, 2 February 2011
- ...er|Atomic mass|Standard phase|Molar mass|Elemental Class|Molecular formula|Electron configuration|Table left|Table right|Table above|Table below|group|period|b1 KB (148 words) - 06:57, 6 March 2024
- ...more than two centers, certain integrals arise (three- and four-center two-electron integrals) that cannot be integrated analytically within an STO framework. : ''r'' is the distance of the electron from the [[atomic nucleus]], and5 KB (822 words) - 17:36, 14 November 2007
- ...y (electricity)|batteries]], two metals with different [[electron affinity|electron affinities]] are used as electrodes; electrons flow from one electrode to t3 KB (486 words) - 04:36, 7 October 2009
- ...to address issues and problems in [[chemistry]]. The description of the [[electron|electronic]] behavior of [[atom]]s and [[molecule]]s as pertaining to their ...dent particle model by [[antisymmetrizer|antisymmetrization]] of the ''N''-electron orbital product, i.e., by representing the wave function as a [[Slater dete9 KB (1,219 words) - 14:19, 19 October 2010
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (215 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (213 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...moment is oriented opposite to the angular momentum (it is negative for [[electron]]s and [[neutrons]]) and positive when the two are aligned the same way (it The ''electron'' gyromagnetic ratio is:<ref name=NIST0>12 KB (1,762 words) - 09:02, 25 October 2013
- ...- 2004 Electron Valve Enterprises, LLC - All rights reserved.|publisher=[[Electron Valve Enterprises, LLC]]|accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>. Unlike relays, vac5 KB (763 words) - 09:15, 4 May 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (216 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (218 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...redox potential''') is the tendency of a [[chemical species]] to acquire [[electron]]s and thereby be [[redox|reduced]]. Each species has its own intrinsic red ...]] of different [[half-cell]]s can be compared to predict the direction of electron flow. A higher E<sup>0</sup> means there is a greater tendency for reductio3 KB (523 words) - 08:32, 13 February 2009
- ...]s can possess a stable orbit around a nucleus. Bohr also proposed that an electron could move from an outer orbit to an inner orbit, emitting a [[photon]] of3 KB (472 words) - 07:32, 20 April 2024
- ...replication. Atovaquone is a selective inhibitor of parasite mitochondrial electron transport. Proguanil hydrochloride primarily exerts its effect by means of1 KB (171 words) - 15:29, 27 May 2010
- ...acid-base theory|Lewis acids]] and elemental boron forms three-center two-electron bonds. Borohydrides are widely used as chemical reducing agents. ...[[three-center two-electron bonds]] as well as the typical two-center two-electron bonds found in most molecules.5 KB (804 words) - 19:43, 31 December 2020
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (222 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...s processes, including [[glycolysis]], the [[citric acid cycle]] and the [[electron transport chain]] in [[aerobic respiration]], [[fermentation]] in [[anaerob1 KB (180 words) - 15:17, 17 February 2009
- The atomic unit of mass is the electron mass, ''m<sub>e</sub>''.<ref name=NISTe> {{cite web |title=Fundamental physical constants: atomic mass unit-electron volt relationship 1 ''u'' (''c<sub>0</sub>''<sup>2</sup>)|url=http://physic13 KB (1,945 words) - 19:19, 1 June 2022
- ...[[Avogadro's constant]] and ''e'' is the [[elementary charge|charge of an electron]].1 KB (197 words) - 12:15, 20 December 2007
- ...e system of [[atomic units]], the "atomic unit of mass" is the mass of the electron ''m<sub>e</sub>''.<ref name=NISTe> {{cite web |title=Fundamental physical constants: atomic mass unit-electron volt relationship 1 ''u'' (''c<sub>0</sub>''<sup>2</sup>)|url=http://physic7 KB (1,035 words) - 13:02, 11 September 2011
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (232 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (229 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Electron transport chain||**}}2 KB (224 words) - 02:31, 7 March 2024
- ...nic chemical containing a nitrogen atom with tetrahedral arrangement of it electron pairs and its lone pair of electrons. The atoms bonded to nitrogen can be1 KB (198 words) - 22:22, 2 December 2008
- {{r|Electron}}2 KB (229 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- *[http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/workshop/EM/EMLeberE.html Electron microscopic images] of the liver (Dr. Jastrow's EM-atlas)2 KB (240 words) - 17:07, 30 September 2008
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (244 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (247 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (247 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...science. He has filed over fifty patents for his inventions, and one, the electron-capture detector, first revealed the ubiquitous distribution of pesticide r2 KB (224 words) - 12:29, 16 May 2011
- ...an integral part of [[valence bond theory]] and the [[VSEPR|valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory]] <ref>Clayden, Greeves, Warren, Wothers. ''O ...rbitals vary between atoms and are not known exactly for the more-than-one-electron atoms. Analytically known atomic orbitals are those of [[hydrogen-like atom14 KB (2,154 words) - 09:32, 12 November 2007
- ...apacity their so-called valence electron shell. An oxygen atom, a stronger electron attractor than a magnesium atom, requires two electrons to accomplish that Chemists recognize that such electron transfers can occur in more than one way:16 KB (2,492 words) - 16:30, 7 August 2012
- ...l organization of higher-plant chloroplast thylakoid membranes revealed by electron tomography]. ''Plant Cell'' 17:2580-6. In generating ATP, molecules in the thylakoids' electron transfer chains pump protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen, making9 KB (1,262 words) - 16:26, 23 September 2013
- ...l organization of higher-plant chloroplast thylakoid membranes revealed by electron tomography]. ''Plant Cell'' 17:2580-6. In generating ATP, molecules in the thylakoids' electron transfer chains pump protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen, making9 KB (1,262 words) - 09:17, 11 October 2013
- [[Electron Configuration]]: 1''s''<sup>2</sup>2''s''<sup>2</sup>2''p''<sup>6</sup>3''s1 KB (202 words) - 12:45, 30 April 2010
- ...mentum operator. Angular momentum coupling is the construction of an ''N''-electron eigenstate of the total atomic angular momentum operator out of the ''N'' i ...on (where we see the spin and the orbital motion as subsystems of a single electron) and the coupling of nucleonic spins in the [[shell model]] of the nucleus.21 KB (3,338 words) - 10:45, 11 June 2009
- Electric current is caused by the movement of [[Electron|electron]]s, very small particles with a negative [[elementary charge]] that appear4 KB (661 words) - 14:58, 1 September 2011
- ...sadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each2 KB (244 words) - 05:45, 10 February 2011
- | title = On Being the Same Ship(s) - or Electron(s): Reply to Hughes2 KB (206 words) - 16:01, 15 July 2008
- ...ent is considered part of [[physics]], but the new nuclei, which attract [[electron]]s and form new atoms of the lighter elements, are detectable by methods of2 KB (234 words) - 09:58, 11 April 2022
- ...ric acid cycle]] and [[β-oxidation|beta-oxidation]], as well as the [[electron transport chain]] (where respiration occurs). [[ATP]] is a high-energy mole ...king one from an electron donor. In plants, a water molecule serves as the electron donor through a process called [[photolysis]], that releases [[oxygen]] gas14 KB (2,059 words) - 12:47, 6 September 2013
- ...ric acid cycle]] and [[β-oxidation|beta-oxidation]], as well as the [[electron transport chain]] (where respiration occurs). [[ATP]] is a high-energy mole ...king one from an electron donor. In plants, a water molecule serves as the electron donor through a process called [[photolysis]], that releases [[oxygen]] gas14 KB (2,063 words) - 12:41, 6 September 2013
- Because the crystal field is non-magnetic, the total electron spin ''S'' of the central ion is conserved. However, its electronic orbital ...the simplest case will be considered in this article: an ion with a single electron in an electric field of octahedral symmetry. An example is the ion [Ti(H<su15 KB (2,390 words) - 10:11, 5 February 2010
- {{r|Electron}}2 KB (269 words) - 04:51, 22 March 2011
- :''See [[Atomic electron configuration]] for the orbital occupancies of ground-state atoms.'' ...all general properties. The number of electrons in the outer shells of the electron orbitals is the same within a group, only the [[principal quantum number]]13 KB (2,075 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- {{subpages}}'''Electronegativity''' is a measure of the tendency to attract [[electron]]s. Generally, it is used in the context of describing one species of [[at ...ms in [[molecules]]. The equivalent property of a "free atom" is termed [[electron affinity]]. It has been observed that the electronegativity of elements can5 KB (784 words) - 11:38, 11 February 2011
- ...alent|ton of coal equivalent]]; [[Ton of TNT|ton of TNT]]; [[Electron volt|electron volt]]; [[Hartree|hartree]]; [[Inverse meter|inverse meter]]; [[Inverse sec4 KB (686 words) - 19:02, 5 November 2021
- ...hydrogen-like atom''' (or ''hydrogenic'' atom) is an [[atom]] with one [[electron]]. Except for the hydrogen atom itself (which is neutral) these atoms carr ...olutions are one-electron functions and are referred to as hydrogen-like [[electron orbital#atomic orbital|atomic orbitals]]. The orbitals of the different hyd19 KB (2,981 words) - 18:31, 3 November 2021
- ...improves on the [[Hartree-Fock]] method by adding [[electronic correlation|electron correlation]] effects by means of Rayleigh-Schrödinger [[perturbation theo | title = Note on an Approximation Treatment for Many-Electron Systems10 KB (1,419 words) - 20:40, 10 February 2010
- ...tron in the electrostatic field of all the nuclei of a molecule. In many-electron molecules the electrostatic field due to the ''positive'' nuclei is screen ...is is in contrast to an [[atomic orbital]] (AO), which gives rise to a one-electron density localized in the vicinity of a single atom.20 KB (3,082 words) - 17:39, 9 December 2008
- ...tion is plotted in the figure versus the energy ''E−E<sub>F</sub>'' in eV (electron volts). In the second form of the function above, the energy is in [[Electr ...actor'' of 4 stems from the possibility of either a spin-up or a spin-down electron occupying the level ''E<sub>a</sub>'', and the existence of ''two'' sources19 KB (3,143 words) - 05:30, 9 September 2011
- ...um| electromagnetic energy]] or particulate radiation" (see [[neutron]], [[electron]], [[positron]], [[photon]], [[proton]] or [[alpha particle]]," or produces2 KB (318 words) - 06:05, 31 May 2009
- {{r|Atomic electron configuration}}2 KB (323 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- ...ypical [[quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical effect]] of intermolecular [[electron exchange]]. The attractive part, in turn, consists of three distinct contri ...e to the increased polarizability of molecules with larger, more dispersed electron clouds. This trend is exemplified by the [[halogen]]s (from smallest to l6 KB (899 words) - 09:39, 29 August 2009
- ...sis of ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol glasses—II. Kinetics of trapped electron decay", 1990, '''36''', 739-742</ref> is present in the mixture, then the r ...ms (H<sup>.</sup>) and oxygen atoms (O<sup>.</sup>). Finally, the solvated electron can react with solutes such as solvated protons or oxygen molecules to form12 KB (1,939 words) - 12:51, 15 March 2024
- ...a [[wave function]] of a multi-[[fermion]] system—usually a multi-[[electron]] system. ...icle system is to consider the product of ''one-fermion wavefunctions'' ([[Electron orbital#Spinorbitals|spin-orbitals]]) of the individual particles. For the11 KB (1,582 words) - 07:52, 23 September 2009
- ...d by the semiconductor ''energy gap'', a region of forbidden energy for an electron. The ''CB'' and ''VB'' vary in position within the transistor for two reaso ...l in the emitter. Likewise, the reverse bias ''V<sub>CB</sub>'' splits the electron Fermi level in the bulk collector from the hole Fermi level in the field-fr20 KB (3,320 words) - 07:39, 23 October 2021
- ...[[isotope]] form the element is. Thus, a proton can be combined with one electron to form hydrogen (<sup>1</sup>H), and the addition of one or two neutrons t5 KB (829 words) - 21:52, 21 July 2020
- ...odel of a positively charged cloud with negatively charged "corpuscles," [[electron]]s, interspersed throughout. Thomson proposed and searched for configuratio ...more closely resembled a solar system with the nucleus at the center and [[electron]]s orbiting around it. Unfortunately, [[Classical Mechanics]] predicts tha18 KB (2,789 words) - 20:34, 27 October 2020
- ...lexes with acetone in which the metal atom shares some of the oxygen atoms electron pairs. The resulting partial positive charge on the carbonyl oxygen atom i5 KB (834 words) - 08:12, 15 March 2024
- ...bilized by utilizing a [[transargonic]] bonding pattern using one 3''d'' [[electron orbital]]. The structure includes two double bonds between sulfur and the2 KB (354 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- ...htest nucleus, the hydrogen nucleus, is already 1836 times heavier than an electron. The method is named after [[Max Born]] and [[Robert Oppenheimer]], who pro ...as fixed parameters in the attractions between nuclei and electrons. The electron-nucleus attractions are ''not'' removed; the electrons still feel the [[Cou20 KB (3,194 words) - 03:34, 8 November 2013
- ...of a section of a liver cell showing glycogen deposits as accumulations of electron dense particles (arrows). The dark structure with a dense core is a peroxis5 KB (834 words) - 14:45, 26 September 2007
- ...p>[[Helium|He]] where the energy released in the transformation is Q=4.25[[Electron volt|MeV]].2 KB (381 words) - 22:48, 15 June 2010
- ...biosynthetic pathways of photosynthetic cofactors and the modification of electron carriers, pigments, and existing and alternative modes of photosynthetic ca3 KB (375 words) - 21:45, 27 August 2011
- ...which qualify as 'oxygen free radicals' — potent 'oxidizing' (viz,. electron-capturing) atoms, ions or molecules; and, ...ion' of those oxidizing agents by 'antioxidants' — 'reducing' (viz., electron-donating) atoms, ions or molecules;31 KB (4,638 words) - 18:09, 29 October 2017
- ...rant organisms can survive in the presence of oxygen, but do not use it as electron acceptor.3 KB (382 words) - 22:02, 13 April 2008
- ...gular momentum (quantum)|angular momentum]] quantum number ''ℓ'' = 2. The electron configuration of transition element atoms contains the orbital occupancy (' <h4>II. [[Atomic electron configuration|Electron Configurations]]</h4>22 KB (3,166 words) - 06:33, 6 March 2024
- ...nuclear charge]] 8''e'', where ''e'' is the [[elementary charge]], and 8 [[electron]]s, occupying the eighth position in the [[Periodic table of elements]], i. ...m number ''L'' = 1. The O<sub>2</sub> molecule in its ground state has the electron configuration12 KB (1,791 words) - 05:43, 6 March 2024
- ...ample, or microscopic origin in the spin of an elementary particle like an electron, or in the [[angular momentum]] of an atom. where ''e'' is the [[Elementary charge|electron charge]] and '''v''' is the electron velocity. This force upon the electrons is communicated to the wire loop be20 KB (3,045 words) - 11:21, 29 June 2011
- ...fected by the organic group to which it is attached. If the R group is an electron acceptor, it can stabilize the negative charge of the conjugate base either2 KB (398 words) - 15:31, 8 March 2023
- ...at cause light, of a charateristic wavelength, to be absorbed in moving an electron to a more energetic level, or to be emitted when electrons decay to a less6 KB (888 words) - 13:04, 12 April 2011
- ...as elected to a fellowship at St John's in 1952. He then pursued work on [[electron]] physics at the [[Cavendish Laboratory]], followed by stints at Cambridge, ...er of implements, including a novel microwave tube later dubbed the "free-electron laser."6 KB (942 words) - 10:50, 23 February 2024
- ...ly neutral, ''Z'' gives simultaneously the number of negative particles ([[electron]]s) of charge −''e'' orbiting the nucleus. The chemical and physical After the discovery of the electron at the end of the 19th century, it was assumed that atoms formed a source7 KB (1,066 words) - 05:40, 6 March 2024
- ...mation demonstrating the classic double-slit experiment and the paradox of electron exclusive particle behaviour when it is observed.</ref><ref>[http://micro.m ...teristics. ([[Arthur Holly Compton]]'s work on [[Compton Scattering|photon-electron scattering]] in 1922 established the particle nature of photons, the [[Comp14 KB (2,229 words) - 06:14, 17 March 2014
- ...ity|reactive]] species, i.e., short-lived assemblies ([[resonance]]s) of [[electron]]s and [[atomic nucleus|nuclei]], such as [[radical (chemistry)|radicals]], In a molecule, the atoms are joined by shared pairs of [[electron]]s in a '''chemical bond'''. It may consist of atoms of the same [[chemical11 KB (1,558 words) - 21:27, 10 November 2020
- ...on acceptor]] that may be used. As discussed below, the use of [[terminal electron acceptor]]s other than [[oxygen]] has important biogeochemical consequences ...inal electron acceptor]]. This means that these organisms do not use an [[electron transport chain]] to oxidize [[NADH]] to NAD<sup>+</sup> and therefore must29 KB (4,037 words) - 02:19, 7 March 2024
- ...of nuclei. Unlike J-coupling, this interaction is not mediated through ([[electron]]s) bonds and hence it may be possible to observe the nuclear Overhauser ef3 KB (493 words) - 19:42, 28 March 2011
- ...tal#atomic orbital|atomic orbital]] used in linear combinations forming [[electron orbital#molecular orbital|molecular orbital]]s. GTOs were proposed by Boys ...−α''r''<sup> 2</sup>), where ''r'' is the length of the electron position vector '''''r''''' and α is a real parameter. The parameter15 KB (2,490 words) - 12:23, 19 April 2009
- ...[[electron]]s. The atomic units have been chosen such that the fundamental electron properties are all equal to one atomic unit.7 KB (1,122 words) - 14:55, 2 February 2023
- ...litting due to coupling of energy states mediated by through-bond electron-electron interactions. This coupling is referred to as J-coupling. Both heteronucl8 KB (1,290 words) - 02:21, 16 February 2010
- ...round on the Franco-Swiss border. The collider is running at 7 TeV (Terra-electron-volts) Center-of-Mass (COM) energy as of March 14 2011, and will achieve 14 Before the LHC, CERN was home to the Large Electron-Positron Collider ([[LEP]]), which occupied the same tunnel that is now hom6 KB (918 words) - 23:16, 25 March 2011
- In [[chemistry]], a '''chemical bond''' is an arrangement of [[electron]]s among [[atom]]s that keeps the atoms together. The bond originates in th ...all of the basic principles of physical science, we must conclude that the electron in the Bohr atom not only ceases to obey Coulomb's law, but exerts no infl37 KB (5,836 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- ...ffraction]]. In many cases, corresponding techniques employing neutron or electron diffraction may be used to elucidate similar structural information.3 KB (423 words) - 03:44, 1 November 2010
- ...> years). The other three are <sup>106</sup>Cd, <sup>108</sup>Cd ([[double electron capture]]), and <sup>114</sup>Cd ([[double beta decay]]); only lower limits ...[[electron capture]] and the primary modes after are [[beta emission]] and electron capture. The primary [[decay product]] before <sup>112</sup>Cd is element 49 KB (1,370 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- ...he anti-electron or positron has a positive electric charge and a negative electron lepton number ''L<sub>e</sub>''=−1. |style="text-align:left"| [[Electron]]21 KB (3,012 words) - 22:02, 24 October 2020
- * Challenges in Applying Photoemission Electron Microscopy to Biological Systems4 KB (478 words) - 15:45, 3 August 2012
- ...*10^{35} \lbrack \tfrac{ev}{c^2} \rbrack </math> where "ev" is the unit [[electron-volt]] and ''c'' is the [[speed of light]]. The "c²" is often dropped3 KB (502 words) - 15:49, 1 July 2022
- ...ac on lipid peroxidation using the RAW 264.7 cell line. We observed, using electron spin resonance, "that Essiac effectively scavenged hydroxyl, up to 84% redu7 KB (919 words) - 14:12, 20 August 2010
- ...e methods include replication and experimental use of bone tools; scanning electron microscope (SEM); microwear analysis for quantification of wear patterns an {{Image|SEM.JPG|right|350px|Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the Swartkrans bone tools.}}16 KB (2,476 words) - 11:29, 20 November 2022
- ...designed for, the diode may break down by either [[Zener breakdown]], an [[electron tunneling]] behavior, or by [[avalanche breakdown]]. ...a very abrupt transition between the two types. Conduction takes place by electron tunneling.23 KB (3,734 words) - 07:29, 12 September 2013
- ...ground state of <sup>60</sup>Co, and which in turn decays by emitting an [[electron]] to form <sup>60m</sup>Ni. The excited state of the <sup>60m</sup>Ni then ...e generator contains [[lead]]-201 (half life 9.33 hours) which decays by [[electron capture]] to the <sup>201</sup>Tl. The <sup>201</sup>Pb can be produced in10 KB (1,653 words) - 08:27, 12 September 2013
- Alpha particles are approximately 8000 times as massive as an electron and would strike the foil at very high velocities. The severe angles and th ...arged nucleus. However, as is true to some extent in our solar system, the electron orbits are not limited to an orbital plane.10 KB (1,594 words) - 09:11, 12 October 2013
- ...ical reactions are strictly transformations that involve the movement of [[electron]]s during the forming and breaking of [[chemical bond]]s. A more general co ...Acid-base|Lewis]] definition: Acids are electron-pair acceptors; bases are electron-pair donors. Includes the Brønsted-Lowry definition.11 KB (1,592 words) - 09:15, 28 September 2013
- ...n]]. After this happens, the electron is emitted from the nucleus into the electron cloud. ...gen]], [[lactate]], [[pyruvate]], [[succinate]], and [[xylose]] can act as electron donors for the metabolism of the bacteria. In this way the metals can be re13 KB (2,007 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- ...al positive charge on the gate is compensated by increased inversion layer electron charge, and the depletion layer depth no longer expands.<ref name=Tsividis> ...comes the bulk value, and is close enough to the Fermi level to allow some electron vacancies (holes, in other words) in the valence band. Consequently there a20 KB (3,427 words) - 06:28, 15 October 2013
- * [[Electron transport chain]]4 KB (444 words) - 12:50, 6 April 2009
- ...silicon <ref>Y. Y. Lin, D. J. Gundlach, S. F. Nelson, T. N. Jackson, IEEE Electron. Device Lett. 1997, 18, 606–608</ref> that several industrial groups deci3 KB (425 words) - 08:02, 12 November 2007
- ...2000).</ref> did not consider rotations, but only the coupling between [[electron]]s and [[molecular vibration|nuclear vibrations]] in triatomic linear mole4 KB (510 words) - 06:55, 11 May 2009
- Some examples of radiography done using a 5 MeV electron [[linear accelerator]] driving a [[bremmstrahlung]] source (1 mm [[Tungsten |title = A Compact 5 MeV S-Band Electron LINAC Based X-ray source for Industrial Radiography9 KB (1,395 words) - 08:22, 12 September 2013
- ...[lepton]]s, quarks have fractional charges that are multiples of 1/3 of an electron charge.<ref name=Veltman/> However, quarks have never been observed as "fre In the atoms of matter, [[proton]]s and [[electron]]s exhibit positive and negative charge, respectively. Net positively char21 KB (3,138 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- of an [[electron volt]] at ordinary temperatures (0.025 eV at 20(C), is frequently referred4 KB (575 words) - 09:51, 8 December 2022
- ...lerator Laboratory}}design, construction and operation of state-of-the-art electron accelerators and related experimental facilities for use in high-energy phy4 KB (522 words) - 21:09, 11 January 2010
- ...cycled to NAD<sup>+</sup> (which is required for glycolysis) through the [[electron transport chain]]. Instead, it transfers electrons to pyruvate:4 KB (581 words) - 14:23, 5 November 2007
- ...are made of [[atom]]s, which are made of [[proton]]s, [[neutron]]s, and [[electron]]s. In this way, ''matter'' is contrasted with ''[[energy]]''. ...cture. They include the [[lepton]]s (an example of which is the familiar [[electron]]), and also the [[quark]]s, including the up and down quarks of which [[pr9 KB (1,454 words) - 17:15, 9 October 2013
- ...ne structure" no longer refers to relativistic mass effects, but rather to electron spin effects.) The first quantum mechanical treatment (in the framework of ...oth-order states of opposite parity occur for excited hydrogen-like (one-electron) atoms. Such atoms have the principal quantum number ''n'' among their qu13 KB (2,036 words) - 18:38, 10 February 2010
- ...inetic theory of gases, properties of liquid solutions, measurement of the electron charge, black-body radiation, alpha particle emission, and [[X-ray diffract ===Estimates from the electron charge===19 KB (2,947 words) - 20:20, 27 December 2020
- ...agnetization is traced to [[angular momentum]], such as due to motion of [[electron]]s in [[atom]]s, or to [[Spin (physics)|spin]], such as the intrinsic spin According to {{cite book |title=Lecture notes on electron correlation and magnetism |author=Patrik Fazekas |url=http://books.google.c23 KB (3,481 words) - 14:29, 25 December 2010
- ...e can form three single covalent bonds with three other atoms, sharing one electron with each, as in NH<sub>3</sub>, ammonia; a single covalent bond with one a3 KB (539 words) - 18:53, 5 January 2021
- ...es between classes of neurons and precise connections between them. Later, electron microscopy and other techniques have showed that some neurons possess chann Chemical synapses can vary in size and shape. Under the electron microscope, synapses are seen either as symmetric or asymmetric. Asymmetri13 KB (1,838 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
- ...mdash; bonded — by one or more of various interactions, ranging from electron-sharing [[covalent bond]]s to electrostatic forces in [[ionic bond]]s. A co4 KB (657 words) - 11:36, 22 March 2024
- '''îón''' ''electron'', cf. '''îron''' ''metal'', *îən, silent '''r '''îron''' ''metal'' BrE *îyən, cf. '''îón''' ''electron'', '''Ìan''' ''person'', '''Iràn''' ''country9 KB (1,336 words) - 11:16, 25 June 2017
- ...determining the state of a [[fundamental particles|fundamental particle]] (electron, etc.) at any given moment. The problem arises experimentally as, in order4 KB (628 words) - 09:17, 23 April 2011
- ...pecimens under a [[stereo microscope]] and fixed specimens in a [[scanning electron microscope]].5 KB (662 words) - 07:36, 6 September 2009
- ...sion]]s of accreted matter, the supernovae are ignited by a collapse of an electron degenerate star core or a white dwarf over the mass limit termed the [[Chan4 KB (664 words) - 16:43, 28 November 2010
- ...ence in the Fermi levels. Consequently, energy is released upon contact by electron transference from the material with the higher Fermi level to the material ...d, the density of holes in the semiconductor is not nearly as large as the electron density in the metal, so the charging of the semiconductor is spread deeply31 KB (4,880 words) - 08:51, 25 October 2013
- <td rowspan="2"> For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom <td rowspan="1"> For the magnetic moment of the electron30 KB (3,679 words) - 09:07, 12 October 2013
- ...hemolithotroph, which means that it obtains its electrons required for the electron transport chain from nitrates rather then organic molecules. The sulfur gra5 KB (690 words) - 05:33, 28 November 2013
- ...ake it through the wall of the thinnest gas tight detector tube. A tritium electron cannot penetrate the dead outer layer of your skin."<br>12 KB (1,896 words) - 21:42, 3 May 2024
- ...adiation therapy continue to evolve. The standard of care is fractionated electron beam radiotherapy, but methods being investigated include [[brachytherapy]]4 KB (576 words) - 06:37, 28 September 2013
- *e: the [[Electron|electron]] *''e'': the [[Electron|electric charge on the electron]]15 KB (2,383 words) - 14:30, 13 January 2017
- ...] and coenzyme A, and the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase subunits contain the electron-transferring coenzymes [[FAD]] and [[Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD]5 KB (643 words) - 12:17, 6 April 2009
- [[Acorn Electron]]/[[BBC Microcomputer]]<br>5 KB (695 words) - 09:21, 6 August 2023
- ...is the name given to the operator that represents the [[energy]] of the [[electron]]s and [[Atomic nucleus|nuclei]] in a [[molecule]]. This [[Self-adjoint op ...ectrostatic) interactions]] between its point charges (electron-electron, electron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus interactions) and the [[kinetic energy|kinetic31 KB (4,757 words) - 02:20, 27 October 2013
- {{Image|Electron probabilities in GaAs quantum well.png|right|150px|Electron probabilities in lowest two quantum states of a 160Ǻ GaAs quantum well in12 KB (1,810 words) - 11:41, 18 June 2012
- ...rmionic. Deuterium consists of three fermions: a proton, a neutron, and an electron. Simultaneous transpositions within the three pairs of fermions, which is13 KB (2,014 words) - 04:59, 1 November 2013
- ...thus, is often found in salts as I<sup>−1</sup> in which the gain of one [[electron]] fulfills the [[octet rule]] to form a very stable [[valence shell]].5 KB (719 words) - 17:02, 22 March 2024
- ...], etc.), and analytical techniques (characterization techniques such as [[electron microscopy]], [[x-ray diffraction]], [[calorimetry]], [[nuclear microscopy ...pectroscopy]] (EDS), [[chromatography]], [[thermogravimetric analysis]], [[electron microscope]] analysis, etc., in order to understand and define the properti11 KB (1,457 words) - 03:51, 1 November 2010
- ...inylogous]] [[carboxylic acid]], where the double bond ("vinyl") transmits electron pairs between the [[hydroxyl]] and the [[carbonyl]]. There are two [[resona <!--{{Image|Ascorbic_acidity1.png|left|500px|Movement of electron pairs in deprotonation}}<br style="clear:left;">-->13 KB (1,893 words) - 10:07, 28 February 2024
- ...n to genetic relationships, biologists also look at ultrastructural (e.g., electron microscopical) and metabolic pathway similarities to infer relationship.</r5 KB (692 words) - 22:03, 27 September 2012
- ...e shape and structure of viruses can be studied with [[electron microscope|electron microscopy]], with [[NMR spectroscopy]], and most importantly with [[X-ray ...y|Wendell Stanley]] achieved its crystallization for [[electron microscope|electron microscopy]] and showed that it remains active even after crystallization.16 KB (2,389 words) - 01:43, 30 December 2010
- ...resistor, the [[voltage]] difference between its poles, and the flow of [[electron|electrons]] (current) through the resistor. If two of the three are known,6 KB (831 words) - 01:16, 9 February 2010
- ...ed-shell wave function times molecular orbital |''y''⟩ containing the electron. The orbital |''x'' ⟩ transforming as an ''x''-coordinate has the ''yz21 KB (3,426 words) - 23:58, 27 October 2013
- ...compounds, light energy transformed into the chemical energy of bonding [[electron]]s. ...arriers of the energy harvested from the sun, the special role of NADPH as electron donor for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate. (Figure adapted25 KB (3,545 words) - 17:36, 30 September 2018
- ...on]]s are derived from atoms or molecules by loss or gain of one or more [[electron]]s leading to charged particles. [[Salt]]s are composed of [[ion|cations]] ...end in characteristics such as [[atomic radius]], [[electronegativity]], [[electron affinity]], and etc. Lists of the elements [[List of elements by name|by na23 KB (3,309 words) - 09:41, 6 March 2024
- ...randed [[RNA]] approximately 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance in the [[electron microscope]].9 KB (1,410 words) - 15:38, 29 July 2009
- ...s share electrons with one oxygen atom, filling their respective outermost electron shells to capacity, achieving a more stable state in the covalent bonds. ...charged compared to the 2 hydrogen atoms in the water molecule. Since the electron clouds around oxygen are pyramidically shaped (compare '''visual''' with th24 KB (3,756 words) - 01:56, 29 April 2021
- ...tities of photons (which carry a fixed amount of energy) interact with the electron population of a solid. Based on the type of solid, either a reduction or i6 KB (897 words) - 19:10, 5 September 2021
- ...end in characteristics such as [[atomic radius]], [[electronegativity]], [[electron affinity]], and etc. Lists of the elements [[List of elements by name|by na [[Image:Electron orbitals.png|right|thumb|350px|[[Electron]] atomic and [[molecular orbital|molecular]] orbitals]]22 KB (3,142 words) - 09:01, 4 May 2024
- The electron configuration of carbon is [He]2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>2</sup>.5 KB (806 words) - 17:16, 1 January 2021
- ...copic energies are continuous. However, for microscopic systems, such as [[electron]]s orbiting a [[nucleus (atom)|nucleus]], quantization is important. </ref> that describes the motion of very light material particles, such as [[electron]]s. When [[Schrödinger equation|Schrödinger's wave equation]] is solved w13 KB (1,900 words) - 10:49, 30 November 2009
- ...sadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each6 KB (785 words) - 02:22, 15 May 2010
- ...d by the use of [[axonal transport]] tracers. He became a true master of [[electron microscopy]] and of the [[immunocytochemistry|immunocytochemical]] techniqu5 KB (781 words) - 07:20, 28 March 2023
- ...el towards and collide with the nucleus. However, in the natural world the electron normally remains in a stable orbit around a nucleus -- seemingly defying cl ...pecies. The quantum theory of the atom developed as an explanation for the electron's staying in its [[atomic orbital|orbital]], which could not be explained b37 KB (5,578 words) - 04:54, 21 March 2024
- ..., extending measurement capabilities. For non-relativistic electrons in an electron microscope, the [[de Broglie wavelength]] is:<ref name=Spence> {{cite book |title=High-resolution electron microscopy |pages=p. 16 |chapter=Electron wavelength and relativity |url=http://www.amazon.com/High-Resolution-Micros34 KB (5,178 words) - 10:12, 28 February 2024
- The inner membrane constitutes the framework for electron-transport processes that produce most of the cell's ATP. Enzymes embedded i ...ource of electrons transported through the respiratory chain.<ref>i.e. the electron-transport chain in mitochondria</ref> The respiratory chain enzymes are emb14 KB (2,053 words) - 19:41, 16 October 2014
- ...will appear at the [[cathode]] (the negatively charged electrode, where [[electron]]s are pumped into the water), and oxygen will appear at the [[anode]] (the7 KB (1,067 words) - 10:08, 28 February 2024
- ...these are the source of light. After the experimental discovery of the [[electron]] by [[J. J. Thomson]] in 1897, the charged particles proved to be electron ...aries, but when Lorentz published the equation again in the context of his electron theory, physicists were ready for it.18 KB (2,830 words) - 08:31, 11 September 2023
- ...ditions, most notably the presence or absence of oxygen and other external electron acceptors. ...timately oxidized by an [[electron transport chain]] using oxygen as final electron acceptor to produce a large amount of ATP via the action of the [[ATP synth21 KB (3,063 words) - 02:03, 2 June 2009
- ...ative anaerobe]]s can switch between fermentation and different [[terminal electron acceptor]]s depending on the environmental conditions in which they find th ...[phototroph]]y and [[chemolithotroph]]y [[oxygen]] is used as a [[terminal electron acceptor]], while under [[anaerobe|anaerobic]] conditions inorganic compoun26 KB (3,840 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- ...iver a current during this insertion (it must move negative charge—[[electron]]s—from the positive plate to the negative plate).7 KB (1,126 words) - 17:44, 17 April 2010
- {{cite web |title=Fundamental physical constants: atomic mass unit-electron volt relationship (1 ''u'')''c<sub>0</sub>''<sup>2</sup> |work=The NIST ref6 KB (907 words) - 07:58, 28 May 2022
- ...of Atomic Spectra'' Academic Press, New York (1959).</ref> When in 1926 [[electron spin]] was discovered and Pauli proved less than a year later that spin was ...quantum system with well-defined angular momentum '''j''', for instance an electron orbiting a nucleus. In the first place the length of the angular momentum16 KB (2,632 words) - 04:33, 23 September 2021
- ...r one-electron atoms, see [[hydrogen-like atom]]s. In the ground state the electron is in a ''1s'' orbital (a nodeless spherically symmetric function with ener ...resembles alkali metals, like Li and Na, in that it can lose its (outer) electron and become the cation H<sup>+</sup>. Strong acids, dissolved in water, dis20 KB (3,081 words) - 21:57, 31 March 2022
- ...mple, fulfill the first postulate for viruses, before the invention of the electron microscope. Even more complex is current knowledge that many pathogenic org7 KB (1,044 words) - 06:07, 31 May 2009
- ...ecules can be explained in terms of the motion of the charged particles, [[electron]]s and [[nucleus|nuclei]], that make up the atoms and molecules. Since the7 KB (1,065 words) - 11:42, 12 October 2011
- ...hydrogen 1''s'' orbitals to form electron pairs of opposite [[spin]]. The electron pair in the phosphorus 3''s'' orbital shows up as a lone pair in the Lewis ...s or arsenic atom in the center bound to three hydrogen atoms and one lone electron pair. Both are colorless, ill-smelling, toxic compounds. Phosphine is pro19 KB (2,983 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- ...hydrogen 1''s'' orbitals to form electron pairs of opposite [[spin]]. The electron pair in the phosphorus 3''s'' orbital shows up as a lone pair in the Lewis ...s or arsenic atom in the center bound to three hydrogen atoms and one lone electron pair. Both are colorless, ill-smelling, toxic compounds. Phosphine is pro19 KB (2,982 words) - 05:36, 6 March 2024
- ...l refers to [[free radical]]s which are uncharged species with an unpaired electron. Some can be used in decomposition reactions, providing spectacular results9 KB (1,524 words) - 10:20, 13 November 2007
- ...n of light in the form of [[photon]]s by the photosynthetic apparatus to [[electron]] transfer processes sustaining the electrochemical membrane potential.8 KB (1,027 words) - 10:38, 18 July 2011
- ...es for the articles regarding theory, such as MO theory, acid-base theory, electron orbitals, etc that will entail much work, with lesser scores for single che6 KB (1,000 words) - 10:00, 4 June 2022
- ...al (chemistry)|free radical]] production in mitochondria by making human [[electron transport chain|Complex I]] more like the Complex I found in [[bi ...repair]] and reduced [[radical (chemistry)|free radical]] production (by [[electron transport chain|Complex I proteins]] taken from [[bird]]s) may be much16 KB (2,439 words) - 14:29, 19 March 2023
- ...amb shift]] of positions of [[energy level]]s of atoms, anomalous value of electron's [[gyromagnetic ratio]], etc.16 KB (2,522 words) - 14:33, 14 May 2023
- ...and the related amine gas weapons generally have a central [[Lewis base]] (electron donor), either an atom or a group, that can undergo [[nucleophilic attack]]6 KB (979 words) - 11:49, 2 February 2023
- ...ignificant difference is that oxidation in peroxisomes does not use FAD as electron acceptor. Instead, the high-potential electrons are transferred to O<sub>2<7 KB (1,029 words) - 16:31, 25 March 2010
- ...der and its simulation by an electronic analog. Becker RO. IRE Trans Med Electron. 1960 Jul;ME-7:202-7. *[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v199/n4900/pdf/1991304a0.pdf Electron paramagnetic resonance in non-irradiated bone]. Becker RO. Nature. 1963 S22 KB (3,131 words) - 10:15, 8 April 2023
- ...ng, including a gas [[fire|flame]], an [[electric arc]], a [[laser]], an [[electron]] beam, [[Friction (science)|friction]], and [[ultrasound]]. While often a ...Developments continued with the invention of [[laser beam welding]] and [[electron beam welding]] in the latter half of the century. Today, the science conti41 KB (6,367 words) - 05:51, 12 September 2013
- ...tabolised further without the use of oxygen (or other more highly-oxidized electron acceptors). A consequence is that the production of ATP by fermentation is8 KB (1,169 words) - 06:27, 9 June 2009
- ...d necrosis with lymphocytic infiltrates, virus particles may be visible on electron microscopy, definitive diagnosis: virus isolation, PCR, mouse inoculation,7 KB (1,025 words) - 22:35, 7 February 2010
- ...omy.swin.edu.au/cms/astro/cosmos/D/Degenerate+Electron+Pressure Degenerate electron pressure] Swineburn University, Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing<18 KB (2,817 words) - 20:15, 27 October 2020
- ...roscopically, the fundamental [[spin]]s of [[elementary particle]]s like [[electron]]s, and their orbital [[Angular momentum (quantum)|angular momentum]].9 KB (1,330 words) - 16:37, 31 March 2011
- * {{search link|electon||ns0|ns14|ns100}} (election, [[electron]])16 KB (1,980 words) - 20:27, 13 August 2010
- ...plained in this article, the former are mainly due to the intermolecular [[electron exchange|exchange of electrons]], a phenomenon closely related to the quant ...n why a molecule is a stable charge distribution, i.e., why the negative [[electron]]s do not fall down on the positive [[nucleus (atom)|nuclei]] while losing56 KB (8,720 words) - 07:31, 20 April 2024
- ...c strength. According to Fine structure of ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' using electron tomography, ''T. vaginalis'' has two different types of flagella; anterior ...Han, Sung Sik (2007). “Fine structure of ''Trichomonas vaginalis'' using electron tomography” Microscopy Society of America: Microsc Microanal 13(Suppl 2)C16 KB (2,181 words) - 02:17, 17 October 2013
- ...'''r''' is silent before a vowel in BrE '''îron''' ''metal'' = '''îon''' ''electron''.8 KB (1,297 words) - 07:16, 10 April 2014
- ...ar_momentum#Angular_momentum_in_quantum_mechanics|angular momentum]] of an electron11 KB (1,671 words) - 06:37, 1 November 2009
- ...om can exist in any of nine [[energy level]]s, which is the placement of [[electron]] [[atomic orbital]]s around the [[atomic nucleus]]. When a caesium atom wi9 KB (1,370 words) - 08:18, 12 September 2013
- </ref> A free neutron shows beta decay, breaking down into a proton, an [[electron]], and an [[antineutrino]] with a lifetime of about 15 minutes. Because it9 KB (1,298 words) - 09:02, 4 May 2024
- ...occus pneumoniae.jpg/credit|{{Streptococcus pneumoniae.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Electron microscope photomicrograph of Streptococcus pneumoniae9 KB (1,183 words) - 07:31, 15 September 2013
- ...have more or less biological effect than others. Measured in keV/µm-kilo (electron volt per micrometer), it is the energy transferred per unit length of the t8 KB (1,249 words) - 07:47, 18 November 2011
- ...like [[amoeba]]s and reactivate their DNA. He wrote: "We began to use an [[electron microscope]] to get a clearer view of these changes. At the end of the firs9 KB (1,280 words) - 08:12, 20 September 2013
- ...ts. Nature 340:467-8</ref> [[Image:Phage S.gif|thumb|200 px|A Transmission Electron Microscope Image of the ''Synechococcus'' Phage S-PM2 by Hans-Wolfgang Acke [[Image:Myoviruses P-SSM2 and P-SSM4.gif|thumb|350 px|Electron micrograph of negatively-stained ''Prochlorococcus'' Myoviruses P-SSM2 and25 KB (3,752 words) - 13:50, 8 March 2024
- ...ts. Nature 340:467-8</ref> [[Image:Phage S.gif|thumb|200 px|A Transmission Electron Microscope Image of the ''Synechococcus'' Phage S-PM2 by Hans-Wolfgang Acke [[Image:Myoviruses P-SSM2 and P-SSM4.gif|thumb|350 px|Electron micrograph of negatively-stained ''Prochlorococcus'' Myoviruses P-SSM2 and25 KB (3,809 words) - 14:09, 8 March 2024
- ...ers usually use uranyl acetate and phosphotungstate to stain the virus for electron microscopy.<ref>[http://www.actahort.org/books/127/127_12.htm]</ref> ...n’t had any apparent, visible symptoms yet. Plant pathologists usually use electron microscope or perform Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay test (ELISA). These26 KB (4,353 words) - 04:51, 1 November 2013
- ...l, a ratio between two quantities such as the masses of the proton and the electron, or a total count (e.g., the population of a country, or the number of mole | Field due to the proton on the electron in a hydrogen atom (Bohr model, ground state)45 KB (6,572 words) - 12:36, 9 March 2024
- ...lfoxide]] ([[DMSO]]) and [[trimethylamine-N-oxide]] ([[TMAO]]) as terminal electron acceptors. [[Arginine]] [[fermentation]] can also be used for anaerobic en ...p. Strain NRC-1: Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Trimethylamine N-Oxide as Terminal Electron Acceptors25 KB (3,592 words) - 03:17, 8 November 2013
- ...onal X-ray film, captures the image. <blockquote>An injector introduces an electron beam into the FXR accelerator. After passing through the accelerator, the b9 KB (1,379 words) - 09:02, 4 May 2024
- </ref> or absence of charged matter ([[ion]]s and [[electron]]s, for example).<ref name=Morris>10 KB (1,488 words) - 12:29, 16 November 2011
- ...ide. To get an idea of the order of magnitude, we note that the mass of an electron ''m''<sub>''e''</sub> is 5.485 799 110× 10<sup>−4 ...an energy larger than the [[ionization potential]] (13.6 eV), it is a free electron—with a trajectory disturbed by the field of the H-nucleus—that43 KB (7,032 words) - 15:15, 15 August 2022
- ...teria vitamin K is involved in anaerobic respiration. Here it serves as an electron carrier from the reductant NADH to e.g. the oxidant TMAO9 KB (1,333 words) - 07:35, 9 June 2009
- ...s published with Charles Tweedle in in 1976 and 1977, showed clearly using electron microscopy that the anatomical relationships of these elements was not fixe8 KB (1,170 words) - 12:59, 22 June 2023
- ...more atoms in the gas, until the resulting "avalanche" produces sufficient electron flow to generate a measurable current pulse.20 KB (2,892 words) - 16:53, 24 March 2024
- =====Electron beam computed tomography===== Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is also called ultrafast CT.41 KB (5,532 words) - 23:14, 6 October 2013
- ...be derived from a vari- ety of biogeochemical cycles [4], but within cells electron transfer is mediated by a small number of universal elec- tron carriers whi18 KB (2,682 words) - 02:51, 19 September 2013
- ...ecay mode]] before the most abundant stable isotope, <sup>59</sup>Co, is [[electron capture]] and the primary mode after is [[beta decay]]. The primary [[decay9 KB (1,307 words) - 09:37, 29 March 2024
- ...wherein [[ion]]s ([[atom]]s or [[molecule]]s that have lost or gained an [[electron]] and thus acquired an electrical charge) present in a solution are exchang11 KB (1,647 words) - 11:52, 2 February 2023
- ...lation, all mice were found to have neurologic abnormalities. Thin section electron microscopy of CNS tissue showed rhabdovirus particles and another test show20 KB (2,992 words) - 20:47, 9 June 2010
- ''T.pallidium'' does not have a [[respiratory transport electron chain]]. ATP is therefore formed by substrate level [[phosphorylation]] and11 KB (1,712 words) - 22:05, 7 February 2010
- ...ab (Herceptin) Modified with Nuclear Localization Sequences (NLS): An Auger Electron-Emitting Radiotherapeutic Agent for HER2/neu-Amplified Breast Cancer. [ser11 KB (1,563 words) - 03:38, 7 October 2013
- {{Image|Vibrio vulnificus.JPG|right|250px|A scanning electron micrograph showing a group of ''Vibrio vulnificus''. }}12 KB (1,820 words) - 21:56, 26 October 2013
- ...rmonics appear in [[chemistry]] in the form of ''s'', ''p'', ''d'', etc. [[electron orbital|atomic orbitals]] and in [[physics]] as [[multipoles]]. Irregular16 KB (2,612 words) - 09:02, 9 February 2010
- ...as the hydrogen-bond ''donor''. This electronegative element attracts the electron cloud from around the hydrogen nucleus and, by decentralizing the cloud, le12 KB (1,827 words) - 17:00, 7 March 2024
- The first report of the crystal structure of Po was done using [[electron diffraction]].<ref>M.A. Rollier, S.B. Hendricks and L.R. Maxwell, ''Journal10 KB (1,519 words) - 00:00, 28 October 2013
- * Watt, Ian M., 1997, ''The principles and practice of electron microscopy'', Cambrigde University Press, second edition.12 KB (2,005 words) - 19:28, 10 September 2021
- ...the 1940s that phage were studied, with rigor, as individuals, e.g., by [[electron microscopy]] and single-step growth experiments ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g14 KB (2,002 words) - 16:06, 24 October 2013
- ...mproved optics and the new imaging techniques of scanning and transmission electron microscopes, that "little man" inside the sperm cell vanished forever. With the development of the [[electron microscope]] ultra-high power examination of cells was possible and the fie29 KB (4,598 words) - 11:26, 25 January 2011
- ...ectrons out of the valence band, becoming fixed negative ions, and leaving electron vacancies in the valence band that behave as positively charge mobile ''hol The device above uses a ''p''-type body and an electron inversion layer, or ''n''-channel. In [[CMOS]] circuits these ''n''-channel25 KB (4,018 words) - 04:18, 1 November 2013
- [[Image:Gamma phage.gif|thumb|200 px|Negative stain electron micrograph of the gamma phage from which the PlyG lytic enzyme was cloned f ...other scientists. It was not until the first phage was observed under an [[electron microscope]] by [[Helmut Ruska]] in 1939 that its true nature was establish20 KB (3,247 words) - 13:19, 2 February 2023
- ...st in different senses in different theoretical contexts. The meanings of 'electron' in [[chemistry]], in the [[Standard Model]] of particle physics, in [[elec28 KB (4,191 words) - 12:12, 23 August 2013
- [[Image:Gamma phage.gif|thumb|200 px|Negative stain electron micrograph of the gamma phage from which the PlyG lytic enzyme was cloned f ...other scientists. It was not until the first phage was observed under an [[electron microscope]] by [[Helmut Ruska]] in 1939 that its true nature was establish20 KB (3,200 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
- ...ton|first=Paul R.|coauthors=Hans R. Gelderblom|year=2003|month=March|title=Electron Microscopy for Rapid Diagnosis of Emerging Infectious Agents|url=http://www11 KB (1,672 words) - 19:00, 15 October 2013
- cell carcinomas in cats treated with electron beam radiation11 KB (1,557 words) - 00:26, 9 September 2010
- Anatomical studies using electron microscopy have shown that the morphology of the supraoptic nucleus is rema14 KB (1,974 words) - 15:49, 13 April 2019
- ...ulated from [[Boltzmann's constant]], the [[elementary charge|charge on an electron]], and the transistor temperature in [[kelvin]]s. At 290 K (an approximatio13 KB (2,071 words) - 10:15, 1 July 2011
- ...and its leading ideas are "as much part of our mental outlook today as the electron or the dinosaur, and in that sense we are all Spenglerians."<ref> Northrop11 KB (1,749 words) - 23:05, 26 April 2008