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  • ...structures2.jpg/credit|{{Twenty amino acid structures2.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Amino acid structures.]] In [[biochemistry]], an <math>\alpha</math>-'''amino acid''' is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[monomer]] consisting of an [[amino
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  • ...tes and the function of multiple organs...Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as
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  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Amino acid]]. Needs checking by a human.
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Page text matches

  • {{Image|Glutamine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Glutamine''', a common amino acid.}} ...of the amide group present in glutamine. Glutamine is a neutral but polar amino acid. [[Asparagine]] has a similar structure with a side chain that is one carb
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  • ...e|Aspartic acid stick figure.jpg|right|350px|'''Aspartic acid''', a common amino acid.}} ...idic amino acids, the other being [[glutamic acid]]. It is similar to the amino acid [[asparagine]], in which the acid group is replaced by an amide group. [[C
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  • {{r|amino acid}}
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  • {{r|amino acid}}
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  • A polar, neutral [[amino acid]], the amide version of [[glutamic acid]].
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  • {{Image|Glycine DEVolk.jpg|right|350px|Structure of glycine, the smallest amino acid.}} '''Glycine''' is the smallest of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. The ''[[side chain]]'',
    372 bytes (59 words) - 08:08, 8 June 2009
  • {{Image|Valine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Valine''', a common amino acid.}} ...ine''', abbreviated as '''Val''' or '''V''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the alipha
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  • {{Image|Histidine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Histidine''', a common amino acid.}} ...ed '''His''' or '''H''', is one of the twenty common <math>\alpha</math>-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the four [
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  • ...cocholic acid''', a derivative of [[cholic acid]] in which a [[glycine]] [[amino acid]] is attached, is a major component of [[bile]]. It is structurally related
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  • {{Image|Tyrosine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Tyrosine''', a common amino acid.}} ...ed '''Tyr''' or '''Y''', is one of the twenty common <math>\alpha</math>-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the four [
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  • ...[[protein]]s. It is a nonpolar, uncharged, aliphatic and [[hydrophobic]] amino acid. In [[protein structure]]s it is normally found in hydrophobic patches seq
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  • {{Image|Threonine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Threonine''', a common amino acid.}} ...ine''', abbreviated as '''Thr''' or '''T''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the neutra
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  • {{Image|Proline stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Proline''', a common amino acid.}} ...rather than an ''amino acid''. However, it is typically referred to as an amino acid.
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  • One of the 20 common [[amino acid]]s and one of two acidic amino acids.
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  • A molecular mixture of long chains of [[fatty acid|fatty]] and [[amino acid]]s.
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  • #REDIRECT [[Amino acid]]
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  • {{Image|Methionine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Methionine''', a common amino acid.}} ...ed '''Met''' or '''M''', is one of the twenty common <math>\alpha</math>-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[proteins]]. Methionine and [[cystei
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  • A way for muscle cells to use [[amino acid]]s as energy sources, while transferring to the liver the expensive task of
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  • [[amino acid]]
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  • The '''alanine cycle''' is a way for muscle cells to use [[amino acid]]s as energy sources, while transferring to the liver the expensive task of ...ate]], yielding [[alanine]] and a &alpha;-ketoacid similar to the original amino acid. The &alpha;-ketoacid is further metabolized, yielding [[adenosine triphosp
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  • {{Image|Lysine stick figure.jpg|right|150px|'''Lysine''', a common amino acid.}} '''Lysine''', abbreviated '''Lys''' or '''L''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of three posi
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  • An aromatic [[amino acid]] incorporated into [[protein]]s.
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  • '''Alanine''' is the second smallest of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the non-po
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  • {{Image|Asparagine DEVolk.jpg|right|250px|Asparagine (ASP, D), a common amino acid.}} ...abbreviated either as '''ASP''' or '''D''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the neutra
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  • Correlation between [[RNA]] [[codon]]s and [[protein]] [[amino acid]]s.
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  • A cyclic, non-polar [[amino acid]] used in [[protein]]s.
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  • A positively charged common [[amino acid]], incorporated into [[protein]]s.
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  • {{r|amino acid}} {{r|essential amino acid}}
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  • One of four common [[aromatic]] [[amino acid]]s in [[protein]]s.
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  • One of the common [[amino acid]]s used in [[protein]] synthesis.
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  • A '''peptide''' is a [[molecule]] consisting of two or more [[amino acid]]s. Peptides are smaller than [[protein]]s, with the division between the t
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  • An [[aliphatic]], non-polar, [[hydrophobic]] [[amino acid]]s incorporated into [[protein]]s.
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  • Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
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  • A positively charged [[amino acid]] used by living systems to build [[proteins]].
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  • One of three hydroxylated [[amino acid]]s used in [[protein]] synthesis; subject to phosphorylation.
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  • ...lude>A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-[[tryptophan]].
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  • ...lude>A [[heterocycle|heterocyclic]] chemical compound, side chain of the [[amino acid]] [[tryptophan]]
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  • One of two common [[amino acid]]s used in [[protein]]s that contain a [[sulphur]] atom.
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  • Naturally-occurring [[peptide]] and [[amino acid]] derivatives which are used to control the growth of [[cancer]].
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  • One of three hydroxylated [[amino acid]]s in [[protein]]s; it may be [[phosphorylation|phosphorylated]]
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  • A 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter found in the CNS and autonomic nervous system.
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  • An essential [[amino acid]] for some animals which carries long chain fatty acids across the inner mi
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  • ...ine''', abbreviated as '''Leu''' or '''L''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the non-po
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  • One of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s.
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  • One of the common [[amino acid]]s incorporated into proteins. It is charged, polar, and hydrophilic.
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  • ...structures2.jpg/credit|{{Twenty amino acid structures2.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Amino acid structures.]] In [[biochemistry]], an <math>\alpha</math>-'''amino acid''' is an [[organic chemistry|organic]] [[monomer]] consisting of an [[amino
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  • One of the twenty common α-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s.
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  • One of four common [[aromatic]] [[amino acid]]s use in [[protein]] synthesis; it may be [[phosphorylation|phosphorylated
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  • A thiol-containing [[amino acid]] formed by a demethylation of [[methionine]].<noinclude>{{DefMeSH}}</noinc
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  • The theory of reciprocal relationship between the serum amino acid concentration and appetite.
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  • ...''' and abbreviated as '''Glu''' or '''E''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of only two a
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
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  • ...p''' or '''W''', is the largest of the twenty common <math>\alpha</math>-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the four [
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  • The second smallest of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s.
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  • ...ine''', abbreviated as '''Ser''' or '''S''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the smalle
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  • One of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[proteins]]. It is [[aliphatic]] and
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  • One of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is neutral but polar.
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  • In bacteria, the chemical precursor for the biosynthesis of the [[amino acid]]s [[phenylalanine]], [[tyrosine]] and [[tryptophan]].
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  • ...ld 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and [[NADPH]]+, producing reduced folate for [[amino acid]] metabolism, [[purine]] ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidin
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  • One of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s and one of two that contains a [[sulphur]] atom.
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  • ...ed '''Phe''' or '''F''', is one of the twenty common <math>\alpha</math>-[[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of four [[aro Both phenylalanine and [[tyrosine]] are essential [[amino acid]]s that are biosynthesized by bacteria starting from [[chorismate]] then [[
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  • ...occurring [[sulfonic acid]]s and it a derivative of [[cysteine]], another amino acid important in liver detoxification.
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  • ...ginine''', abbreviated '''Arg''' or '''R''', is one of the twenty common [[amino acid]]s used by living organisms to build [[protein]]s. It is one of the charge
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  • ...yl cycle]], and it is synthesized from a condensation reaction between the amino acid [[serine]] and [[homocysteine]].
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  • ...ng synthesis of proteins to determine, via RNA intermediates, the order of amino acid residues in proteins. ...ise'' determination of sequence, either of bases in the nucleic acid or of amino acid residues in the protein.</blockquote>
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  • A 32 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessiv
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  • ...up from an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the hydroxyl oxygen atom on the amino acid tyrosine.
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  • ...not need carnitine to enter the mitrochondrion. Carnitine is an essential amino acid for some animals.
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  • ...e-to-one correspondance in going from codon to amino acid, but not from an amino acid to codons. There is only one [[start codon]], AUG, which serves as the cod
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
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  • ...lamines''' are a class of biologically active substances, derived from the amino acid, [[tyrosine]]. Chemically, they are ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines.
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  • ...idative linkage between two molecules of [[cysteine]], one of the common [[amino acid]]s, in the form of a [[disulfide bond]]. It may also refer to such a bond t
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  • ...gy]], '''antibodies''' are "[[immunoglobulin]] molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the [[antigen]] (or a v
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
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  • ...of transfer RNA has its own distinct anticodon region so that the correct amino acid gets transferred to the correct place during protein synthesis.
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  • is a 60 amino acid peptide which acts as a smooth muscle relaxant and an inhibitor of cardiac
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  • ...des are important biologically, because [[protein|proteins]] are made of [[amino acid|amino acids]] held together by amide groups. An amide formed from two amino
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  • ...the '''urea cycle''' (also called the '''ornithine cycle''') breaks down [[amino acid]]s.<ref name="isbn0-7167-3051-0">{{cite book |author=Stryer, Lubert; Berg,
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  • ...otein structure]]s, particularly in [[DNA]]-binding proteins, in which the amino acid [[leucine]] is repeated every seven amino acids within an [[alpha-helix]] s
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  • ...coupled receptors. Akt/PKB is activated by phosphorylation at two distinct amino acid residues, Threonin 308 and Serine 473.
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  • [[Amino acid sequence]]s with very similar distribution patterns of the hydrophobic set ...Hydrophobic cluster analysis: an efficient new way to compare and analyse amino acid sequences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)80439-8 FEBS Lett. 224,
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  • ...he use of [[RNA molecule]]s as templates and the result is a sequence of [[amino acid]]s, determined by the sequence of [[nucleotide]]s in the RNA.
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  • ...gy]], '''antibodies''' are "[[immunoglobulin]] molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the [[antigen]] (or a v
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  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Amino acid]]. Needs checking by a human.
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  • ...or chemicals both in the lab and in living organisms. The twenty common [[Amino acid|amino acids]] are a particularly important class of carboxylic acids. Carb
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  • ...nstituent monomeric units (i.e. [[monosaccharide]]s, [[nucleotide]]s and [[amino acid]]s, respectively). Those monomers can be further degraded into simpler mole
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  • ...nits of a [[ribosome]] and [[translation]] begins, producing a string of [[amino acid]]s whose order is coded by the mRNA template.
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  • '''Peptide YY''' (PYY) is a short (36-amino acid) [[protein]] released by L-cells in the mucosa of the ileum and colon in re
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  • * Residue is another name for an [[amino acid]] in a protein. One might say that "residue 39 is a [[cysteine]]".
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  • ...indole''' [[heterocycle|heterocyclic]] compound is the side chain of the [[amino acid]] [[tryptophan]] as well as the parent compound for a family of related het
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  • Important and widely known products of biosynthesis include [[amino acid]]s, [[nucleotide]]s, and , [[vitamin]]s but all components of living beings The amino acid glutamate is a common component of proteins. Glutamate is able to transfer
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  • ...bed into messenger [[RNA]] (mRNA). The mRNA can then be translated into an amino acid chain called a polypeptide (after the peptide bond connecting the amino aci
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  • ....P., Anthony L.T.N, Bialik R. (1994) Dissociation between plasma and brain amino acid profiles and short-term food intake in the rat. Am J Physiol 266:1675-86. '''(4)''' Harper A.E., Peters J.C. (1989) Protein intake, brain amino acid and serotonin concentrations and protein self-selection. J Nutr 119:677-689
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  • Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter found in the CNS and autonomic nervous system.
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
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  • ...aterial science, and the food industry. Acids, such as the twenty common [[amino acid]]s and [[carboxylic acid|carboxylic acids]] (including [[valeric acid]], an
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  • ...is "a biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-[[tryptophan]]. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous sy
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  • ...luding humans, proteins must be ingested and digested in order to obtain [[amino acid|essential nutrients]] that cannot be synthesized by the organism itself. ...n is an important part of the [[human]] [[diet]]. Proteins are made from [[amino acid]]s (see "Synthesis" section, above), yet humans cannot make all of their ow
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  • ...Specifically, netilmicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and one [[amino acid]] of protein [[S12]], interfering with decoding around nucleotide 1400 of 1
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  • ...in the [[citric acid cycle]]) can also be used for gluconeogenesis. Many [[amino acid]]s, upon amino group removal, yield intermediates of the citric acid cycle
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  • ...tes and the function of multiple organs...Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as
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  • ...er, [[Agkistrodon rhodostoma]]. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of [[fibrinogen]]. It is used clinically t
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  • |uses=amino acid ...onine]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> It also serves as a chemical precursor of the amino acid [[cysteine]].
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  • It is usually a 25-amino-acid sequence, although shorter 22 and 20 amino acid peptides are also present. "The main peptide is notable for containing eigh
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  • ...c acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain [[amino acid]]s, and some of its reactions are therefore important even in cells perform ...wn by [[protease]] [[enzyme]]s into their constituent amino acids. These [[amino acid]]s are brought into the cells and can be a source of energy by being funnel
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  • ...up from [[adenosine triphosphate]](ATP) to the hydroxyl oxygen atom on the amino acid [[tyrosine]]. This process is known as tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosines
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  • ...isomeric forms. For example, the ''levorotary'' (L or +) isomers of the [[amino acid|amino acids]] are used to build [[protein|proteins]], but not the ''dextror
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  • ...are caused by proteins whose structures have been modified, either due to amino acid substitutions (sicle cell anemia, cancer) resulting from DNA changes or by A Protein is a linear polymer of different [[amino acid|amino acids]], whose properties vary. To a large degree the shape of a pro
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  • ...enantiotopic. e.g. pair of protons attached to the alpha-Carbon in glycine amino acid (they are not chemically equivalent if glycine is part of a polypeptide cha
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  • ...citatory neurotransmitters in the brain include [[acetylcholine]], and the amino acid [[glutamate]]. The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is [[gamm
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  • * [[Amino acid]]
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  • ...ure of [[protein]]s. It was already known that proteins were composed of [[amino acid]]s, but Fischer found new ways of purifying amino acids and determining how
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  • ...walls containing multiple layers of [[peptidoglycan]] bound together by [[amino acid]] bridges.
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  • ...r specific nucleotides in the [[16S]] rRNA around nucletide 1400 and one [[amino acid]] in the [[S12]] protein of the [[30S]] ribosomal subunit. This interferes
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
    2 KB (206 words) - 14:21, 8 March 2024
  • ...n of an initiation complex, causing misreading of mRNA so that incorrect [[amino acid]]s are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic pept
    3 KB (436 words) - 02:21, 16 February 2010
  • ...ef><ref>Turner RA, Pierce JG, du VigneaudV (1951) The purification and the amino acid content of vasopressin preparations ''J Biol Chem'' 191:21-8 PMID 14850440<
    2 KB (368 words) - 16:47, 27 January 2023
  • ...zyme [[phenylalanine hydroxylase]] (PAH). It is required to metabolise the amino acid [[phenylalanine]] to [[tyrosine]] and the impact of this deficiency can be
    1 KB (218 words) - 22:30, 25 September 2008
  • Like all other [[protein]]s, peptide [[hormone]]s are synthesized from [[amino acid]]s according to an [[mRNA]] template, which is itself synthesized from a [[ These prohormones often contain superfluous amino acid residues that were needed to direct folding of the hormone molecule into it
    4 KB (595 words) - 08:21, 8 November 2010
  • {{r|Amino acid}}
    3 KB (457 words) - 12:49, 15 March 2024
  • ...fact that enzymes were proteins whose activities were dependant upon their amino acid sequence would not be clear for another 40 years. With the discovery of [[D
    4 KB (685 words) - 03:24, 14 October 2013
  • ..., sodium channels fail to activate properly. The mutation causes single [[amino acid]] changes in parts of the channel which important for inactivation.
    2 KB (233 words) - 15:46, 14 February 2009
  • ...ne dinucleotide''' is a cofactor in the enzymes [[monoamine oxidase]], [[D-amino acid oxidase]], [[glucose oxidase]], and [[xanthine oxidase]].
    3 KB (366 words) - 21:39, 6 April 2009
  • Structurally, it is a 13-member amino acid peptide linked to a 10-carbon lipophilic tail, which has a novel mechanism
    2 KB (225 words) - 21:01, 23 August 2010
  • ...ges= |isbn=0-07-145153-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> GABA is produced from the [[amino acid]] glutamate through the action of the enzyme [[glutamate decarboxylase]], a
    4 KB (570 words) - 09:47, 30 January 2014
  • 3 or 4 [[amino acid]]s are neurotransmitters depending on the exact definition used. [[Glutami
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  • {{r|Amino acid}}
    2 KB (280 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
  • ...otein contains somatostatin-14 and -28 at its COOH terminus. The predicted amino acid sequence of human SS-28 is identical to that of SS-28 from porcine and ovin
    6 KB (912 words) - 17:45, 10 February 2024
  • ***[[Silent mutations]]: which code for the same [[amino acid]]. ***[[Missense mutations]]: which code for a different amino acid.
    13 KB (2,019 words) - 00:14, 11 November 2007
  • SNPs within a coding sequence will not necessarily change the [[amino acid]] sequence of the [[protein]] that is produced, due to [[Genetic code#Degen ...sense mutation|nonsense]]", where a missense change results in a different amino acid, while a nonsense change results in a premature [[stop codon]].
    7 KB (957 words) - 10:47, 30 March 2010
  • .... An array of acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation on particular [[amino acid]] residues in the histones plays an extremely vital role in the regulation ...Out of all of the histones associated with eukaryotic chromosomes, the H1 amino acid sequences vary the most from organism to organism. The high level of conser
    10 KB (1,473 words) - 20:28, 28 January 2008
  • ...vice versa.<ref>Mellinkoff SM ''et al.'' (1956) Relationship between serum amino acid concentration and fluctuations in appetite ''J Appl Physiol'' 8:535-8 PMID ...of casein, was ingested (exp. 3) or infused in 45 minutes (exp. 4). Serum amino acid concentrations were measured for 4 hours at regular intervals and subjects
    16 KB (2,469 words) - 10:23, 1 December 2013
  • ...tely 25% identical to ASIP. Murine AgRP has 131 amino acids and shares 81% amino acid identity with the human protein. <ref name="pmid9819197">{{cite journal | a
    4 KB (592 words) - 06:39, 6 January 2011
  • ...hphys/endocrine/hypopit/oxytocin.html ColoState.edu] - 'Oxytocin is a nine amino acid peptide that is synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and transported down ax
    3 KB (397 words) - 02:31, 6 September 2013
  • ...and 98%, respectively. These results indicate that very few nucleotide or amino acid changes differentiate the antigenic and host range specificity of FPV and C
    7 KB (1,155 words) - 00:59, 12 February 2010
  • {{r|Amino acid}}
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  • ...istamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic [[amino acid]]s, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pha ...[norepinephrine]], [[dopamine]]. They are derived from the non-essential [[amino acid]] [[tyrosine]] which is found in casein in milk and cheese.
    12 KB (1,572 words) - 08:41, 15 July 2010
  • ...separating the disease from the diseased. While [[codon]]s for different [[amino acid]]s may change in a random mutation (changing the sequence coding a gene), t
    3 KB (441 words) - 14:01, 26 September 2007
  • ...ebacteria possess the lipoglycans of different structure, in this case the amino acid L-alanine is substituted by its D-isomer. The further immunochemical studie
    10 KB (1,508 words) - 21:37, 14 February 2010
  • '''Aromatase''', the 503-amino acid long [[protein]] product of the ''CYP19A1'' [[gene]] on [[chromosome]] 15q2
    3 KB (342 words) - 17:25, 31 May 2009
  • ...ually, RNA chains randomly developed with catalytic properties that help [[amino acid]]s bind together ([[peptide]]-bonding). These amino acids could then assis ...Specifically, the formation of the peptide bond, the reaction that binds [[amino acid]]s together into [[protein]]s, is now known to be catalyzed by an [[adenine
    11 KB (1,710 words) - 11:11, 14 November 2007
  • ...nging the ''shape'', or conformation, of a protein (without changing its [[amino acid]] sequence) can alter its biological properties. ...ion fibers. As a result, only free protein molecules that are identical in amino acid sequence to the prion protein can be recruited into the growing fiber. This
    13 KB (2,087 words) - 12:48, 11 June 2009
  • ...r, their substrates and cofactors. This can help understand the important amino acid residues for function as well as helping determine the different conformati
    3 KB (423 words) - 03:44, 1 November 2010
  • #[[Amine]]-derived hormones are derivatives of the [[amino acid]]s [[tyrosine]] and [[tryptophan]]. Examples are the [[catecholamine]]s ([[
    10 KB (1,501 words) - 06:37, 9 June 2009
  • They are divided into major classes based on the amino acid sequencing of their heavy chains. The classic way to separate the major cla
    4 KB (514 words) - 02:22, 25 June 2010
  • <tr><td>C<sub><math>\alpha</math></sub></td><td>alpha carbon of current amino acid</td> ...<td>C<sub><math>\alpha-1</math></sub></td><td>alpha carbon of the previous amino acid</td>
    32 KB (5,116 words) - 04:54, 21 March 2024
  • #Biological enrichment of food substrates with protein, essential [[amino acid]]s, essential [[fatty acid]]s, and vitamins
    10 KB (1,303 words) - 18:41, 3 March 2024
  • ..."Purification of human erythropoietin". ''J Biol Chem'' 252:5558-64</ref> Amino acid sequence data from this protein were used in subsequent efforts to clone th ...bepoetin (see above) was created through [[site-directed mutation]] of two amino acid residues, allowing for two additional N-linked carbohydrate chains.
    13 KB (1,859 words) - 17:44, 10 February 2024
  • ...made possible by [[protein]]s. Structurally, proteins are long chains of [[amino acid]] subunits. In some way, the genetic molecule, DNA, had to contain instruct
    13 KB (2,038 words) - 06:56, 9 June 2009
  • ...[[thyroid hormone]], and angiotensin II levels. Angiotensinogen has 453 [[amino acid]] residues.
    7 KB (972 words) - 00:36, 16 June 2008
  • ...38-43 (At the brain level, 2 afferent pathways are involved in protein and amino acid monitoring: the indirect neural (mainly ...tin, obesity and diabetes. ''Peptides'' 30:439-444 (Obestatin, a novel 23 amino acid amidated peptide encoded by the same gene that encodes
    13 KB (1,840 words) - 06:29, 13 November 2009
  • ...portant since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude mark
    4 KB (636 words) - 19:56, 26 April 2012
  • *[[Akabori amino acid reaction]] *[[Erlenmeyer-Plochl azlactone and amino acid synthesis]]
    19 KB (1,719 words) - 17:32, 25 March 2010
  • ...cytokines, or their [[#place|categorizing by target]] of action. Once the amino acid sequence of a cytokine is known, by convention, it is reclassified as an in
    7 KB (926 words) - 17:47, 19 April 2010
  • ...from the short-chain isotoxin by preparative reverse-phase chromatography. Amino acid sequencing of the first 28 residues indicated that both toxins were long-ch
    9 KB (1,390 words) - 14:21, 8 March 2024
  • ...unters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
    17 KB (2,672 words) - 11:15, 22 February 2010
  • ...y, cell-like spheroids formed by [[proteinoid]]s are observed by heating [[amino acid]]s with [[phosphoric acid]] as a catalyst. They bear much of the basic feat ...e much more flexible in catalysis that RNA due to the existence of diverse amino acid side chains with distinct chemical characteristics. The RNA record in exist
    15 KB (2,298 words) - 21:50, 12 March 2009
  • ...with the similar Hendra virus (70% to 88% nucleotide homology, 67% to 92% amino acid homology): Henipavirus <ref name=Bossart>{{citation
    5 KB (693 words) - 03:17, 1 June 2008
  • ...ncluding the [[Calvin cycle]] of photosynthesis, the [[biosynthesis]] of [[amino acid]]s, and the biosynthesis of [[fatty acid]]s. Reducing power is usually supp
    14 KB (2,059 words) - 12:47, 6 September 2013
  • ...ncluding the [[Calvin cycle]] of photosynthesis, the [[biosynthesis]] of [[amino acid]]s, and the biosynthesis of [[fatty acid]]s. Reducing power is usually supp
    14 KB (2,063 words) - 12:41, 6 September 2013
  • ...the two toxins are 0.09 mg/g and 0.07 mg/g, respectively, and they possess amino acid sequences similar to those of other cobra venom neurotoxins.<ref name=Tan/>
    10 KB (1,522 words) - 17:06, 13 June 2012
  • ...U [[vitamin A]], as well as [[aspartic acid]] and [[glutamic acid]]; the [[amino acid]] content was 7.59% of total dry weight.
    13 KB (1,912 words) - 11:48, 2 February 2023
  • ...acids is that obtained before the hormone is activated by cleavage). The amino acid sequence of AVP is [[cysteine|Cys]]-[[tyrosine|Tyr]]-[[Phenylalanine|Phe]]- ...of the vasopressins: it is also a nonapeptide with a sulfur bridge and its amino acid sequence differs at only two positions (see table below). These two neurope
    15 KB (1,951 words) - 10:35, 8 August 2011
  • Amino Acid Metabolism
    12 KB (1,764 words) - 01:29, 26 October 2013
  • ...enerally in smaller amounts). Vegetables are also a source of [[essential amino acid]]s, but generally must be eaten in combination to provide the full range of
    13 KB (1,979 words) - 08:30, 24 September 2023
  • ...from the short-chain isotoxin by preparative reverse-phase chromatography. Amino acid sequencing of the first 28 residues indicated that both toxins were long-ch
    11 KB (1,640 words) - 16:01, 25 June 2012
  • ...ion of vasopressin and oxytocin, in particular by releasing the inhibitory amino acid [[taurine]] in response to hypo-osmotic challenge <ref>Miyata S ''et al.''
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  • 8 KB (1,105 words) - 04:16, 22 July 2011
  • '''Peptide YY''' (PYY) is a 36-amino acid peptide secreted from endocrine cells (L-cells) in the [[ileum]] and [[colo '''[[Ghrelin]]''' is a 28-amino acid brain-gut peptide -cleaved from preproghrelin.<ref name=cummings2006>Cummin
    14 KB (2,125 words) - 10:33, 13 September 2011
  • ...the MSHs are referred to as ''melanocortins'', and all have the same core amino acid sequence, HFRW <ref name=Dores05>Dores RM ''et al.'' (2005) Trends in the e ...C, as well as one β-END. There are also many similarities between the POMC amino acid sequences of species within the Sarcoptergii class<ref name=Dores05/>. This
    18 KB (2,734 words) - 11:29, 19 August 2012
  • ...stinal exopeptidases which can unlink free terminal-end amino acids, one amino acid monomer at a time, from a gradually unwinding and degrading protein polyme
    14 KB (2,087 words) - 14:15, 23 October 2008
  • '''Antineoplastons''' (ANP) are naturally-occurring [[peptides]] and [[amino acid]] derivatives which are used to control the growth of cancer.
    6 KB (864 words) - 17:11, 23 November 2007
  • ...Another is so-called [[rabbit starvation]], due most likely to essential [[amino acid]] deficiencies in rabbit meat and synthesis limitations in human beings.<re
    8 KB (1,306 words) - 13:58, 20 December 2009
  • A 41 amino acid peptide was subsequently isolated and sequenced, that is now recognised as
    7 KB (913 words) - 13:50, 26 January 2011
  • ...is regulated in a [[circadian rhythm]]. Melatonin is a derivative of the [[amino acid]] [[tryptophan]], which also has other functions in the [[Central Nervous S
    7 KB (1,083 words) - 16:45, 12 November 2007
  • hydrogens. When the spacing of the [[amino acid]] residues participating in
    12 KB (1,827 words) - 17:00, 7 March 2024
  • ...[[warfarin]]. It was shown that normal prothrombin contained 10 unusual [[amino acid]] residues which were identified as gamma-carboxyglutamate. Prothrombin iso
    9 KB (1,333 words) - 07:35, 9 June 2009
  • ...us]] and [[paraventricular nucleus]] of the [[hypothalamus]]; it is a nine-amino acid fragment of a large (~30kD) precursor molecule which is packaged into large
    8 KB (1,118 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
  • ...ental change such as: temperature and desiccation. Leucine is an important amino acid for the growth of this bacterium. The size of ''M. xanthus'' is about ten t
    11 KB (1,629 words) - 04:50, 28 November 2013
  • ...code]] linking the DNA sequence of nucleotides to the protein sequence of amino acid residues.
    8 KB (1,066 words) - 11:36, 15 September 2013
  • ...specialized activities. A good example is the catalytic role of particular amino acid residues in polypeptide enzymes and the role of [[functional group]]s such ...st amino acid in a polypeptide sequence is at the carboxy-terminal and the amino acid monomers are added to the amino-terminal using the messenger RNA molecules
    36 KB (5,455 words) - 11:49, 6 September 2013
  • ...specialized activities. A good example is the catalytic role of particular amino acid residues in polypeptide enzymes and the role of [[functional group]]s such ...st amino acid in a polypeptide sequence is at the carboxy-terminal and the amino acid monomers are added to the amino-terminal using the messenger RNA molecules
    36 KB (5,455 words) - 08:57, 12 September 2013
  • ...the air is also essential for life on [[Earth]]. It is incorporated into [[amino acid]]s and [[protein]]s, and is part of the [[nucleic acid]]s, such as [[DNA]]
    12 KB (1,867 words) - 08:51, 30 June 2023
  • ...ne lipids, and a thick peptidoglycan layer containing omithine which is an amino acid.
    10 KB (1,441 words) - 21:57, 14 February 2010
  • ...ne that allow for [[passive transport]] of many [[ion]]s, [[sugar]]s and [[amino acid]]s across the outer membrane. These molecules are therefore present in the
    22 KB (3,296 words) - 09:37, 6 March 2024
  • ...torage) processes to lower blood levels of glucose, [[fatty acid]]s, and [[amino acid]]s and to promote their conversion to the respective storage forms of [[gly ...to the [[gastrointestinal tract]], it is reduced to fragments (even single amino acid components), whereupon all 'insulin activity' is lost.
    21 KB (2,988 words) - 06:24, 9 October 2013
  • ...al medium]] described for ''Halobacterium'' includes all but 5 of the 20 [[amino acid]]s for growth.<ref name=GenomeSeq/> ...igh salt environments, in fact one of its primary sources of food is the [[amino acid]]s of other organisms which have [[lyse]]d due to the high salt concentrati
    25 KB (3,592 words) - 03:17, 8 November 2013
  • ...typical of [[serine]] proteases of the subtilisin family and by the high [[amino acid]] identity percentage. This suggests that M. canis contains a family of SU
    10 KB (1,494 words) - 22:06, 1 March 2009
  • 18 KB (2,617 words) - 06:31, 9 June 2009
  • ...are long-chain [[biopolymers]]. The main classes are [[carbohydrate]]s, [[amino acid]]s and [[protein]]s, [[polysaccharide]]s, [[lipid]]s, and [[nucleic acid]]s
    21 KB (3,107 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
  • ...of cellular activities. This involves forming new protein molecules from [[amino acid]] building blocks based on information encoded in DNA/RNA. Protein synthesi
    27 KB (3,909 words) - 22:11, 27 October 2013
  • Tyrinosinase is an enzyme that acts on the amino acid tyrosine in metabolism, and is required for melanin production in mammals.
    10 KB (1,623 words) - 21:25, 1 November 2009
  • ...ensure that a constant supply of fuel (in the form of [[glucose]] and [[amino acid]]s) reaches the foetus.<ref name=Butte99>Butte NF ''et al.'' (1999) Adjustm
    14 KB (2,124 words) - 10:09, 24 July 2011
  • ...have an unknown function, 46 are virulence factors, 101 are involved in [[amino acid]] transport and [[metabolism]], 109 involved in [[carbohydrate]] transport
    13 KB (1,782 words) - 19:41, 31 July 2010
  • ...inues to this day, with the recently-discovered 22nd genetically-encoded [[amino acid]] &ndash; [[pyrrolysine]] &ndash; from the archaeon, ''Methanosarcina barke
    14 KB (2,053 words) - 05:54, 9 June 2009
  • ...ents are made mildly hypothermic. This slows the increase in excitatory [[amino acid]] levels that result in [[exitotoxicity]], thereby attenuating the excitoto
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  • Oxytocin is a [[peptide]] of nine [[amino acid]]s (a nonapeptide). The sequence is [[cysteine]] - [[tyrosine]] - [[isoleuc ...ly related hormone, [[mesotocin]], which differs from oxytocin by a single amino acid and which is equally potent at the oxytocin receptor. Thus mesotocin in mar
    24 KB (3,372 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
  • Oxytocin is a [[peptide]] of nine [[amino acid]]s (a nonapeptide). The sequence is [[cysteine]] - [[tyrosine]] - [[isoleuc ...ly related hormone, [[mesotocin]], which differs from oxytocin by a single amino acid and which is equally potent at the oxytocin receptor. Thus mesotocin in mar
    24 KB (3,415 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
  • ...atory mechanisms, including by exporting neutral [[osmolyte]]s such as the amino acid [[taurine]]. However, magnocellular neurons do not rapidly correct their vo
    11 KB (1,560 words) - 17:09, 21 March 2024
  • ...e components of the outer wall protecting the organism is composed of much amino acid polypeptide and sugar. Even though the cell wall is known to bring rigidity
    11 KB (1,841 words) - 04:04, 16 February 2010
  • ...wall tructure surrounding the bacterial cell which is composed of a sugar-amino acid co-polymer called [[peptidoglycan]]. Some phages, such as Lambda phage of '
    25 KB (3,752 words) - 13:50, 8 March 2024
  • ...wall structure surrounding the bacterial cell which is composed of a sugar-amino acid co-polymer called [[peptidoglycan]]. Some phages, such as Lambda phage of '
    25 KB (3,809 words) - 14:09, 8 March 2024
  • ...[[translation]]'' (meaning translation from a nucleic acid polymer to an [[amino acid]] polymer). The other transcribed RNA sequences may have regulatory, struct ...ch [[Translation (genetics)|translate]]s the nucleic acid sequence to an [[amino acid|amino-acid]] sequence. The genetic code consists of three-letter 'words' ca
    66 KB (9,714 words) - 18:35, 12 April 2018
  • ...uses [[nucleic acid]]s as its genetic material, and uses the same twenty [[amino acid]]s as the building blocks for its [[protein]]s. All organisms use the same
    23 KB (3,431 words) - 23:45, 25 October 2013
  • ...in white adipose tissue, with highest expression in female gonadal fat. An amino acid sequence expressed in humans with a large similarity to resistin was also f
    22 KB (3,226 words) - 23:57, 24 February 2012
  • ...ually weigh between 26 and 60 [[kDa]], and have an average length of 380 [[amino acid]]s.
    12 KB (1,684 words) - 08:53, 31 December 2007
  • ...nslation|translate]]s the code by assembling a [[protein]] molecule from [[amino acid]]s (the building blocks of proteins) according to the base pair sequence br ...a sequence of three of complementary base pairs. Each codon codes for one amino acid residue. It is a series of codons, along with a start codon and three stop
    82 KB (12,291 words) - 08:45, 25 October 2013
  • ...ized by [[protein]] deficiency, a result of the inherent lack of two key [[amino acid]]s in pre-modern maize, [[lysine]] and [[tryptophan]]. Nixtamalization was
    19 KB (3,015 words) - 10:07, 28 February 2024
  • ...ficiency, [[iron supplements]], usually with [[iron (II) sulfate]] or iron amino acid chelate, can correct the anemia. Chelated iron is ten to fifteen times mor
    14 KB (1,989 words) - 13:18, 2 February 2023
  • ...arious families of proteins were recognized to be similarly repeating. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show some similarity between [[K
    29 KB (4,598 words) - 11:26, 25 January 2011
  • ...um acetobutylicum'', coding for proteins involved in lipid degradation and amino acid decomposition. Many of these comprise the ''Clostridial'' "backbone" of ORF
    14 KB (2,057 words) - 07:47, 11 October 2013
  • ...erwise impair energy production. The metabolic pathway that leads from the amino acid lysine to [[carnitine]] requires vitamin C twice. The steps are the enzymes .... USPTO. 11 Jan 1994.</ref> related heart disease, the other two being the amino acid [[lysine]] and [[nicotinic acid]] (a form of Vitamin B3). Lp(a) as an athe
    87 KB (12,868 words) - 00:29, 15 September 2013
  • ...isolated a postsynaptic neurotoxin called pseudonajatoxin A. It has 117 [[amino acid]] residues and a high [[molecular weight]] of 12,280, meaning it is slow to
    16 KB (2,411 words) - 14:20, 8 March 2024
  • ...ferent [[chemical elements]], can combine to form [[molecule]]s, such as [[amino acid]]s, in a variety of types depending on the particular combination of elemen
    23 KB (3,578 words) - 14:08, 18 February 2024
  • 16 KB (2,439 words) - 14:29, 19 March 2023
  • ...arious families of proteins were recognized to be similarly repeating. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show similarities between [[King
    35 KB (5,491 words) - 12:15, 14 February 2021
  • ...ne Trees: A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Elapidae (Serpentes) Based on the Amino Acid Sequences of Venom Proteins]." ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' Vo
    21 KB (2,796 words) - 14:20, 8 March 2024
  • ...enes spread out evenly between the two DNA strands. They also compared the amino acid sequences of VZV to that of the Herpes Simplex Virus I, another virus of th
    19 KB (2,917 words) - 10:07, 14 May 2012
  • 19 KB (2,852 words) - 22:42, 22 October 2011
  • ...pes of the various families of proteins were recognized to be similar. The amino acid sequences within the protein families even show similarities between [[King
    38 KB (5,841 words) - 12:15, 14 February 2021
  • 21 KB (3,158 words) - 00:10, 7 October 2013
  • ...mediated by [[electrostatic]] interactions between the positively-charged amino acid residues in the cationic domain of dendrotoxin and the negatively-charged r ...od chain.<ref>Chan 2011</ref> It is known that the mercuric ion inhibits [[amino acid]] (AA) and [[glutamate]] (Glu) transport, potentially leading to excitotoxi
    68 KB (9,222 words) - 10:27, 1 April 2024
  • ...irus gene expresses a five-membrane spanning cell surface protein that has amino acid homology to cellular [[CD47]] proteins. CD47 proteins are associated with
    23 KB (3,319 words) - 03:50, 14 February 2010
  • # [[Amino acid metabolism and function]]
    39 KB (5,879 words) - 17:33, 11 March 2024
  • ...overactivity of the HPA axis together with overactivity of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters promotes a form of allostatic load, consisting of cogniti
    31 KB (4,344 words) - 22:01, 30 December 2011
  • ...uman organism. Those molecules include relatively small molecules, like [[amino acid|amino acids]], [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nucleotides]], [[monosaccharide]]s ...ried ways that generate small carbon-based molecules such as [[sugar]]s, [[amino acid]]s and [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nucleotides]], which can join to become hu
    150 KB (22,449 words) - 05:42, 6 March 2024
  • ...and organism. Those molecules include relatively small molecules, like [[Amino acid|amino acids]], [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nucleotides]], [[monosaccharide]]s ...ried ways that generate small carbon-based molecules such as [[sugar]]s, [[amino acid]]s and [[Nucleic acid metabolism|nucleotides]], which can join to become hu
    194 KB (28,649 words) - 05:43, 6 March 2024
  • ...[vasopressin]] are two closely related molecules - they differ by just one amino acid. They come from two separate but very similar genes, genes so similar that
    49 KB (7,544 words) - 04:34, 19 September 2013
  • ...vingstone. pp. 139. ISBN 0-443-07145-4.</ref> The [[calciseptine]] is a 60 amino acid peptide which acts as a smooth muscle relaxant and an inhibitor of cardiac
    38 KB (5,884 words) - 14:21, 8 March 2024
  • ...behavior itself include the flocking behavior of birds, and the folding of amino acid polymers into catalytic proteins.
    47 KB (6,881 words) - 10:00, 14 July 2015
  • ...behavior itself include the flocking behavior of birds, and the folding of amino acid polymers into catalytic proteins.
    94 KB (13,588 words) - 18:21, 24 November 2013