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...anic compounds using the inorganic carbon compound, carbon dioxide, as the carbon source starting material.<ref name=ftexplorethylakoid> [http://www.ftexplor ...to ATP. ATP is a key energy source for synthesizing organic compounds from carbon dioxide in the stroma, a phase of the photosynthetic process called the [[C

<center>'''methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water vapor'''<br/> <center>'''methane + oxygen + nitrogen → carbon dioxide + water vapor + nitrogen'''<br/>

.... ''Technically'', because the proline side chain bonds to both the alpha carbon and the backbone nitrogen atom, the nitrogen is a secondary amine, making p

Structurally, it is a 13-member amino acid peptide linked to a 10-carbon lipophilic tail, which has a novel mechanism of action: formation of transm

...those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms. ...145 °C containing most (but not all) of the hydrocarbons with 6 or less [[carbon]] [[atoms]]

...for 98.89% of all carbon. It is one of two stable isotopes of the element carbon; it contains 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons.</ref><ref name=BIPM>[ht

...tive it is more than half of the Certified Emissions Reductions (a type of carbon credits) that have been issued under the rules and mechanisms of the Kyoto

*Jacobson, M., et.al. (2022) ''Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and without blackouts in variable weather throu

...he related drug [[lamivudine]], which has a sulfur atom in place of the 3'-carbon present in zalcitabine, suppresses viruses in a similar manner.

...inolenate metabolism with emphasis on the importance of beta-oxidation and carbon recycling. ''World Rev Nutr Dietet 88'', 178-183, 2001.

{{r|Carbon}}

*compress carbon granules, changing the [[resistance]]

...simply [[amine]]s) to remove [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) from [[gas]]es.<ref name=Kohl>{{cite book|author ...H₂S and CO₂ are acid gases and hence corrosive to [[carbon steel]]. However, in an amine treating unit, CO₂ is the stronger

...last for centuries.<ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/climate.2008.122 Carbon is Forever, M.Inman, Nature 2008.]</ref> To minimize the risk of a catastro ...Fig.3 Electric power generation is only a third of our CO2 problem. A zero-carbon future should include process heat for industry and fuels for transportatio

...simply [[amine]]s) to remove [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) from [[gas]]es.<ref name=Kohl>{{cite book|author ...H₂S and CO₂ are acid gases and hence corrosive to [[carbon steel]]. However, in an amine treating unit, CO₂ is the stronger

*[[Acid gas]]es: [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[me *Contain no more than trace amounts of components such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, mercaptans, nitrogen, and water vapor.

...ose electrons transfer under precise metabolic control, to oxygen, forming carbon dioxide and water, releasing the energy that held those electrons in their ...gh transfer of electrons to the carbon atoms of carbon dioxide, converting carbon dioxide by reduction to carbohydrate, allowing water's oxygen atoms, stripp

...oil]] additive to reduce levels of [[Particulate matter|particulates]], [[carbon monoxide]], and [[hydrocarbon]]s from diesel-powered vehicles. Biodiesel is

*[[Carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) *[[Alkane|Straight-chain alkanes]] having from 2 to 12 [[carbon]] atoms (denoted as C₂ to C₁₂)

...blood through the entire body and exchange [[oxygen]] and nutrients for [[carbon dioxide]] and wastes. ...oxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the lung, where it gives off carbon dioxide and receives oxygen. The aorta is the largest artery. It carries ox

...those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms. ...145 °C containing most (but not all) of the hydrocarbons with 6 or less [[carbon]] [[atoms]]

...baking soda, its molecules react with one another to give off water and [[carbon dioxide]] and form solid [[sodium carbonate]], which is proton-free." The

...baking soda, its molecules react with one another to give off water and [[carbon dioxide]] and form solid [[sodium carbonate]], which is proton-free." The

...[[Hydrocarbons|paraffins]] and heavier aromatics containing 9 to 11 or 12 carbon atoms. ...ms, and non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbons (naphthenes) containing 6 or more carbon atoms.<ref name=Chem-Systems/><ref name=IEA-Book/>

..., deriving from the hydration reaction with the metabolic waste product, [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), ...physiological conditions, metabolism produces on the order of 15,000 mmol carbon dioxide per day, which in the healthy steady-state the lungs exhale.

{{r|Carbon dioxide}}

...ure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> ...unts for changes in respiration as measured by the [[partial pressure]] of carbon dioxide. However, this calculation relies on the respiratory quotient being

{{r|Carbon fixation}}

...soluble in water, it is a strong reducing agent, can react violently with carbon disulfide, and be sensitized to explosive decomposition by metal salts (cop

...e penetration into a one-foot hardened concrete wall. Upon detonation, the carbon-fiber warhead case disintegrates into small non-lethal fibers with little o ...ades planned for the U.S. [[GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb]]. Substituting the carbon filament case alone reduced a danger radius to 25 feet, compared to the 200

...burns result in the formation and release of [[smoke]], ash, [[dust]], [[carbon dioxide]], [[nitrogen oxide]]s and other air pollutants. ...act upon the waste and generate ''landfill gas'' that contains methane and carbon dioxide as well as small amounts of ammonia, [[mercaptan]]s and other [[sul

...functioning. The breakdown of coral functioning begins with compromised [[carbon fixation]] of the coral [[symbiont]].<ref>Jones, R. J., O. Hoegh-Guldberg, ...gae in check, and any other [[calcification|calcifying]] organisms. When [[carbon dioxide]] concentrations approach 450 ppm, [[calcification]] might not be a

...denfrost point varies for different liquids. It may be seen to rise as the carbon chain length increases in [[Homologous series|organic homologous series]].

:[[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) : 29.4 L·atm/mol &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ...bove is consistent with the example numerical values presented for oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen and with their corresponding dimensional units.

...ngths of light by hemoglobin. [[Serum electrolyte panel]]s complement the carbon dioxide level with the level of circulating [[bicarbonate ion in physiology

...Steel is also to be distinguished from [[wrought iron]] with little or no carbon, usually less than 0.035%. It is common today to talk about 'the iron and ...s of steels in which carbon is replaced with other alloying materials, and carbon, if present, is undesired. A more recent definition is that steels are iron

* [[Carbon fixation]]

...disassemble them to simple cellular metabolites (lactic acid, acetic acid, carbon dioxide, ammonia, urea, etc.). The creation of cellular metabolites is an [

...irculation of blood brings oxygen and food molecules to cells, and removes carbon dioxide and the waste products of [[metabolism]] from them. Blood circulati ...ients and oxygen pass out to cells, and it is through the capillaries that carbon dioxide and wastes pass from the cells into the blood.

...tp://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/contents.htm Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotope Records] - a compilation of independent records

...tions to reference conditions of moisture content, [[oxygen]] content or [[carbon dioxide]] content. This article presents methods for converting concentrati ...ure) corrected to a dry basis and further corrected to 12 volume percent [[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]] in the dry gas.

{{Image|SMR_temperature.png|right|350px|Zero-carbon, very high-temperature process heat will be needed for some industries.}}

...rganic synthesis|synthesis]] or by other means) of chemical compounds of [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]], which may contain any number of other elements, such as ...es, acids, salts, carbides, and minerals). This does not mean that single-carbon organic compounds do not exist (viz. [[methane]] and its simple derivatives

...ut the wood's volatile elements. The charcoal that remains is almost pure carbon.

'''Coal''' is a [[Carbon|carbon-containing]] rock formed by the debris from the decay of ferns, vines, tree ...No two coals are the same in every respect. In general, coal consists of [[carbon]], [[hydrogen]], [[oxygen]], [[nitrogen]], [[sulphur]] and [[mineral]] matt

{{r|Carbon}}

...numbers to describe atoms on the ribose ring (see figure). In DNA the 2'-carbon of adenosine is bound to two hydrogen atoms rather than one proton and one

...nt and are called enantiotopic. e.g. pair of protons attached to the alpha-Carbon in glycine amino acid (they are not chemically equivalent if glycine is par

...tions to reference conditions of moisture content, [[oxygen]] content or [[carbon dioxide]] content. This article presents methods for converting concentrati ...ure) corrected to a dry basis and further corrected to 12 volume percent [[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]] in the dry gas.

...Ecological Research.jpg|center|298px|Instruments for measuring exchange of carbon dioxide and water between a forest and the atmosphere. (Niwot Ridge Long Te

...the sulfur-free methane (CH₄) feedstock is then used to form [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) plus hydrogen (H₂): ...gas shift reaction|shift conversion]] to convert the carbon monoxide to [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) and more hydrogen:

...H₂, one [[acetyl-CoA]] and a shortened acyl-CoA with <i>n-2</i> carbon atoms, which can be subjected to further rounds of degradation. ...on is [[thermodynamic|thermodynamically]] unfavourable, the evolution of [[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]] drives the reaction forward.

:[[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) : 29.4 L·atm/mol ...bove is consistent with the example numerical values presented for oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen and with their corresponding dimensional units.

...the sulfur-free methane (CH₄) feedstock is then used to form [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) plus hydrogen (H₂): : ...gas shift reaction|shift conversion]] to convert the carbon monoxide to [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) and more hydrogen:

...ed by filaments in the gills and passed on to the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide and other wastes are being expelled. Some species, such as the [[an

...i-tank]], [[anti-personnel]], chemical or biological weapon dispensers, or carbon filaments to short out electrical systems.

...o which cyanides were adsorbed. The other camps used engines to generate [[carbon monoxide]].

...t produced. [[RBMK reactor]]s of formerly [[Soviet Union]] countries used carbon as the moderator.

...alled cysteic acid. An enzymatic [[decarboxylation]] reaction, in which [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) is removed, produces taurine. In an alternative

...y have substitutions added to the nitrogen atom or any of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms in the base structure.

...iculate matter]] (PM₁₀), [[sulfur dioxide]] (S0₂), [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) and [[nitrogen dioxide]] (NO₂) and calculate air ...ns sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM₁₀), carbon monoxide, and ozone as measured at monitoring stations in each of those maj

...lace with a membrane permeable to the desired gas such as [[ammonia]] or [[carbon dioxide]]. When the gas passes through the membrane, the change of pH in th

...ate inside the mitochondrial matrix. This oxidation reaction also releases carbon dioxide as a product. In the process one molecule of NADH is formed per pyr ...n the table below are for one glucose and molecule being fully oxidised to carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced coenzymes are oxidised by the e

* [[Adsorption]] in [[granular activated carbon]] filters (also known as GAC filters). ...complexes. In some such cases, the VOC combustion products would only be [[carbon dioxide]] and water.

...the means by which a [[microbe]] obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. [[carbon]]) it needs to live and propagate. [[Microbe]]s use many different types o 1. how the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass:

...lle]]s adapted for carrying out [[photosynthesis]]. Photosynthesis fixes [[carbon dioxide]] [[solution|dissolved]] in the cell from the [[air]], and uses it ...bility of cuticle for water also makes it more difficult for gases such as carbon dioxide to pass through. Most modern plants solve this with microscopic hol

...lexibility resources.” (Reuters 2021, ‘New Nuclear, LTO among cheapest low carbon options, report shows’). ...cost of electricity sources conclude that new Nuclear is the cheapest low carbon option at the grid level. See

...[[ammonium chloride]] (NH₄Cl) and [[dry ice]], which is solid [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), change directly from their solid form to a vapo ...sure at ordinary temperatures, or their normal boiling points, or how many carbon atoms they contain per molecule, and others define them in terms of their [

...anic amide without alkyl groups on the nitrogen to an amine with one fewer carbon atom

'''Croquet''' is a sport using wooden or carbon-fiber mallets to knock balls across a lawn, playable with average strength,

*Designation for the last carbon on the chain in a fatty acid

Carboxylic acids contain a carbon atom that is attached to one oxygen atom with a double bond, a hydroxyl gro

...no acids are converted into urea through the [[urea cycle]], whereas their carbon skeletons are transformed into acetyl CoA, acetoacetyl CoA, pyruvate, or o

...e inorganic carbon source for the light-energy-driven synthesis of organic carbon compounds that ultimately provide organic substrates and biologically usefu Our current scientific understanding regards the oxygen-generating-carbon-dioxide-consuming-type of photosynthesis as our biosphere's most important

...ge]]), the atom of a chemical element has nuclear charge ''Ze''. Thus, the carbon nucleus has charge 6e (contains 6 protons) and the phosphorus nucleus conta

Gases like carbon dioxide are denser than regular air. When they come out of solution they c

...for six pollutants, called the '''''criteria air pollutants''''', namely [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[sulfur dioxide]] (SO₂), [[nitrogen dioxide]] |rowspan="2" |Carbon monoxide

...] or [[ethanol]] (CH₃CH₂OH) is always composed of [[carbon]], [[hydrogen]], and [[oxygen]] in a 2:6:1 ratio, i.e., its empirical formu ...ssed in conventional units equal to 1/12 from the mass of a ¹²[[carbon|C]] [[isotope]] atom. For [[network solids]], the term [[formula unit]] is

...cortisone]]. The only difference between them is the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond in the A ring of prednisone that is not present in cortisone (n

...bonded one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group but not further carbon atoms,

...of the three [[carbon|carbons]] of a molecule of [[glycerol]]. The third carbon is attached to a [[phosphate group]], which is in turn often attached to an

...in the transport of other gases: It carries some of the body's respiratory carbon dioxide (about 20–25% of the total), in which CO2 is bound to the heme pr

...), they are assumed to play a significant role in the biological cycles of carbon and nitrogen. From soil, by direct contact or air-borne dust, endospores ca b) '''Effect of different carbon sources on central metabolic fluxes and the recombinant production of a hyd

<tr><td>C_{<math>\alpha</math>}</td><td>alpha carbon of current amino acid</td> <tr><td>C_{<math>\alpha-1</math>}</td><td>alpha carbon of the previous amino acid</td>

...plants begin with a reformer or a gasifier to convert natural gas into [[carbon monoxide]] and [[hydrogen]], much as has been used in [[methanol]] and [[am

...<td>[[Carbonate]]</td> <td>CO₃^2-</td> <td> Evolves [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) gas when sulfuric acid is added </td>

<tr><td> [[Carbon disulfide]] <td> 2.6

...or covalent bonds. The best-known oxides are: dihydrogen oxide (water), [[carbon dioxide]] (in aqueous solution "carbonic acid"), silica (silicon dioxide), ...required oxygen is imported from the air and some waste products, such as carbon dioxide, are released. For mammals, red blood cells containing [[hemoglobin

...not on the carbon with the OH (the #1 carbon), but one carbon over (the #2 carbon); therefore we indicate its presence with the prefix "2-amino". ...alkanes take the suffix "-ane" and are prefixed depending on the number of carbon atoms in the chain, as given by the following table:

* [[Carbon]] atom: <math>\scriptstyle (1s)^2\,(2s)^2\, (2p)^2\,\,\, ^3P_{0}\,</math>.

...l diesel engine results in substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel. In ...78 percent compared to petroleum diesel. This is due to biodiesel’s closed carbon cycle. The CO₂ released into the atmosphere when biodiesel is bu

...mely, [[steam]], pure [[oxygen]] and/or [[air]]) to produce a mixture of [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) and [[hydrogen]] (H₂) commonly called ''syngas'' ...:''''' This gasifier is a vertical, cylindrical vessel containing a bed of carbon-containing material (e.g., coal or biomass) through which steam, oxygen and

...ds composed of the same chemical elements (e.g., [[carbon monoxide]] and [[carbon dioxide]]) have different ratios of number of atoms of the elements. ...bers (e.g., 2-to-1 for the quantity of oxygen in carbon dioxide to that in carbon monoxide).

{{r|Carbon}}

...s used [[Zyklon B]], a [[hydrogen cyanide]] preparation, rather than the [[carbon monoxide]] of other facilities.

===Carbon emissions=== ...assed a bill called the "Cap and Trade" bill, which is set in place to cut carbon emissions and also increase the use of renewable energies. Greenpeace is a

* Bubbles of [[carbon dioxide]] ''nucleate'' shortly after the pressure is released from a contai ...d by the partial destruction of the previous interface. For example, if a carbon dioxide bubble forms between water and the inside surface of a bottle, the

...box. Under normal conditions, no electrical current could flow though the carbon granules because of their high resistance. But the increased electrical cur In 1879, David Edward Hughes heard crackling sounds in a carbon-contact telephone receiver whenever sparks were generated by nearby electri

...y include [[water]], [[salt]]s, [[organic compound]]s, and [[oxygen]] or [[carbon dioxide]] and, more rarely, wit and ideas. However, what is [[waste]] for o

...oxygen, their presence may slow flood waters, prevent soil erosion, absorb carbon dioxide, provide habitat and nourishment to birds, insects, and wild animal ...ts are essential to a tree's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere (see [[photosynthesis]]). Above ground

Sulphur itself is insoluble in water, but [[solubility|soluble]] in [[carbon disulfide]] and to a lesser extent in other non-polar organic solvents such

...ed as simply "R") [[covalent bond|covalently]] bonded to a central (alpha) carbon (C_{<math>\alpha</math>}). Amino acids can link via [[peptide bond|

====[[Carbon copy]] (CC)==== ====[[Blind carbon copy]] (BCC)====

...ers. Specialized weapons may be useful for certain operations, such as the carbon-filament submunitions that can short out electrical power lines without per

...n liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride.

....daugerresearch.com/fractaldemos/altivecfractalcarbon.html Altivec Fractal Carbon] — Mac-based benchmarking utility, using fractals to determine performan

...those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms. ...aphtha) containing most (but not all) of the hydrocarbons with more than 6 carbon atoms. The heavy naphtha has an initial boiling point of about 140 to 150 �

...those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing about 10 or 11 carbon atoms. ...aphtha) containing most (but not all) of the hydrocarbons with more than 6 carbon atoms. The heavy naphtha has an initial boiling point of about 140 to 150 �

...] components, they are reported as "GPM (C6+)" meaning hydrocarbons with 6 carbon atoms or more.<ref name=NGC>[http://www.naesb.org/pdf/update011905w9.pdf Wh

...the oxidation of organic matter with oxygen (chemo-organotrophic), and the carbon source is the organic matter (heterotrophic), so these organisms are called ...so contain high levels of organic acids (low pH) or have a high C/N ratio (carbon/nitrogen). If the C:N ration is greater then 30:1 the compost will tie up n

...ng off [[dry transfer]] letters, tracing designs onto a new surface with [[carbon paper]], and hand [[embossing]]. Styli are also used to [[engraving|engrave

...with non-native OS X programs that would not be [[ported]] over to either Carbon or Cocoa, and existed only on the [[PowerPC]] platform. These programs woul *Carbon & Cocoa APIs

...of the right ventricle in to the [[lung]]s, where it exchanges unwanted [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water]] for [[oxygen]]. The blood then travels back in to t

...te. As it is absorbed only by living organisms, by measuring the amount of carbon-14 in an organic sample it is possible to work out its age. It is effective

...a'' can also turn Atrizine, an herbicide that is toxic to wildlife, into [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water]]. ...]] called [[polyhydroxyalkanoate]] (PHA). Using styrene its only source of carbon and energy, the styrene is completely used up, creating an elastic type of

...ans'' are heterotrophic and non-photosynthetic, meaning they receive their carbon from organic compounds and receive their energy through the ingestion of or ...t they kill these animals by suffocation due to the release of ammonia and carbon dioxide, causing anoxic water conditions. <ref name=dic />

[[Jack Kevorkian]] used a [[carbon monoxide]] inhaler as well as injected barbiturates. ...d under controlled conditions. The latter include [[carbon dioxide]] and [[carbon monoxide]].

...roximation breaks down. Since the best-known linear triatomic molecule ([[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]]) is electronically non-degenerate in its ground st

...riestly]] found that the water easily absorbed the gas later identified as carbon dioxide. Priestly published his findings in a paper titled "Directions for 1832: John Mathews invents an apparatus for charging water with carbon dioxide gas.

...hosphate|ATP]] and [[NADH]]), and production of a variety of six- or three-carbon intermediate metabolites, which may be removed at various steps in the proc ...ince they actually consume energy as the glucose is converted to two three-carbon sugar phosphates ([[Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate|G3P]]). The bold abbreviatio

...s, either air manually pumped to a high pressure, or from a cartridge of [[carbon dioxide]].

...concept and as yet (2007) no large scale power plant operates with a full carbon capture and storage system. ...l be more expensive. Rarely considered in such mathematics is the embodied carbon cost of the equipment and machinery needed to create this act of reverse-en

...ion]] of the organic compounds that results in releasing [[Gas|gaseous]] [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), water (H₂O) and other oxidized by-pr Other than the primary carbon dioxide, water and sludge by-products of the biochemical processes occurrin

The container that caught fire contained 14 tons of [[activated carbon pellets]] impregnated with [[potassium hydroxide]] (caustic potash). Most

...n the same way and silicon chemistry is to a significant extent similar to carbon chemistry.

...This approach determines the Avogadro constant and hence the mass of the [[carbon]]-12 atom in kilograms. ...the result is a value of [[Avogadro's constant]] and again the mass of the carbon-12 atom in kilograms.

...lement have the same charge but differ in mass. For example, the element [[carbon]] (atomic number ''Z'' = 6, i.e., 6 protons) has two stable isotopes and on ...align="left "> 6 <td> [[Carbon|C]] <td width="5%" > {{Atomic mass|Carbon}} <td width="15%"> <td align="left "> 43 <td> [[Technetium|Tc]] <td

...cepts of [[latent heat]] and [[specific heat]], and for the discovery of [[carbon dioxide]]. He was a founder of [[thermochemistry]], and was the mentor of [ ...bonic acid by [[Lavoisier]] in 1781, - fixed air is what we now know of as carbon dioxide). He showed that when magnesium carbonate (''magnesia alba'') was h

Not all types of submunitions are intended to injure people. Some emit thin carbon filaments, intended to short out power lines and temporarily cause blackout

* [[Melvin Calvin]] (awarded 1961), for his research on the [[carbon dioxide]] assimilation in plants.

*July 1873 [[Thomas Edison]] notes variable resistance in carbon grains due to pressure and builds a rheostat based on the principle. ...rst succeeded in transmitting over wires many articulated sentences" using carbon granules as a pressure sensitive variable resistance under the pressure of

...ion flue gases may also contain small amounts of [[particulate matter]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[nitrogen oxide]]s, and [[sulfur oxide]]s in the form of gaseo

...se belongs to the class of nutrients called carbohydrates, combinations of carbon (C) and water (H₂O):<br> ...f the number of atoms per molecule of glucose times the atomic weights of: carbon (C) * 6, hydrogen (H) * 12, oxygen (O) * 6: (12 * 6) + (1 * 12) + (16 * 6)

...evel so that as gas is released in the operation of the airgun, the liquid carbon dioxide will vaporize and maintain nearly constant pressure. Because of thi

...ons. The raw gas also contains various amounts of [[acid gas]]es such as [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[me ...kPa gauge). Its gaseous components are mostly [[carbon monoxide]] (CO), [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) and [[nitrogen]] (N₂). Although the f

...3/> Crew will supply and install recreational boaters with free smoke and carbon monoxide detectors.

...ate transport]] and metabolism, and its inability to use glucose as a sole carbon source may be because it lacks a gene encoding [[glucokinase]]. Very unusua ...s an obligate [[aerobe]] which can also live in very low concentrations of carbon dioxide. Its cell wall is made of peptidoglycans linked together by amino-a

...ontinue to burn each element synthesised in turn, hydrogen, helium, then [[carbon]], [[oxygen]], [[silicon]] and so forth until they are left with [[iron]].

*[[Acid gas]]es: [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[me ...sists mainly of methane with only trace quantities of ethane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It does not contain propane, butanes, pentanes or condensate.

...w.highnorth.no/Carbon%20footprint%20whale%20meat%20March%202008.doc On the carbon footprint of whale meat]'. March 2008. .doc file.</ref><ref>''[[Reuters]] U

*[[Acid gas]]es: [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) and [[me ...sists mainly of methane with only trace quantities of ethane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. It does not contain propane, butanes, pentanes or condensate.

...ften wise to use a colored pencil to see what has been redrawn. Remove the carbon paper and tracing paper, and the basic outline, in a material that will not

...ogen]] and 21% [[oxygen]]. The remainder of about 1% contains [[argon]], [[carbon dioxide]] and very small amounts of other gases. The atmosphere is rarely, |[[Carbon dioxide]]|| align="center"|CO₂|| align="center"|0.033|| align="c

...m gases that meet the requirements are [[water]] vapor (H₂O), [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[ozone]] (O₃), and [[methane]] (CH<

...lusion principle &mdash; the electrons of atoms with many electrons (e.g., carbon has 6, oxygen 8), arrange themselves in concentric shells about the nucleus <center>oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide</center>

...cholesterol. Some cholesterol derivatives have a proton added to the C-5 carbon. If the H-5 proton is <math>\alpha</math>-oriented (points down) then ring ...xylated at three positions, C-11, C-17 and C21. The oxidation of the C-17 carbon must occur before the hydroxylation at C-21 to synthesize cortisol, otherwi

...proton is removed and the N¹-nitrogen atom is bound the the C1' carbon of [[ribose]]. It is analogous in structure to [[thymidine]], which can be

...ystems rely on mutualisms between the plants which [[carbon fixation|fix]] carbon from the air, and [[Mycorrhyzal]] fungi which help in extracting minerals f

|Fixed [[carbon]], wt %||align="center"|86 − 92 ||align="center"|99.5 ...ndamentals] (written by Paul Ellis and Christopher Paul of the Great Lakes Carbon Corporation)</ref> The largest use is as a fuel.

...[Volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] compounds to burn off, leaving a higher-carbon material with higher porosity than the original wood. Charcoal will burn mo

...talysed by [[choline acetyltransferase]]. Its main task is conveying the [[carbon]] [[atom]]s within the acetyl group to the [[citric acid cycle]] to be [[ox

Modern rowing boats are called “shells” and are typically made of carbon-fiber. There are one person, two person, four person, and eight person shel

*[[Carbon dioxide]] &ndash; CO₂ *[[Carbon monoxide]] &ndash; CO

...the tissues. (In humans, less than 2% of the total oxygen, and most of the carbon dioxide, is held in solution in the [[blood plasma]]). A related compound,

:[[Methane|CH₄]] + 2 [[Oxygen|O]]₂ → [[Carbon dioxide|CO₂]] + 2 [[Hydrogen|H]]₂O ...ions involving [[organic compound]]s which are chemical compounds having [[carbon]] as the main element in their molecular structure. The reactions in which

...rature materials including structural ceramics such as [[Reinforced carbon-carbon|RCC]], polycrystalline [[silicon carbide]] and [[transformation toughened c

<tr><td> C <td> [[Carbon]] <td align="right"> 6

...re are also [[aromatic compound]]s with [[chemical element]]s other than [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]], so they are aromatic but not hydrocarbons.

...groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity. For aliphatic carbon-halogen bonds the C-F bond is the strongest and usually less chemically rea

...of neutrons than 6-7.<ref>[http://periodictable.com/Elements/006/data.html Carbon Technical Data].</ref> Individually atoms are astonishingly small (carbon atom diameter: ~2.2•10^–8cm = 22 nm<ref>[http://hyperphysics.

...ems other than nucleic acids and [[protein]]s may be constructed, or the [[carbon]]-based [[biology]] we know from our planet may be replaced experimentally

...eployed to improve soil carbon content, save water, and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions. ...ef>[http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1909/ Economics of Sequestering Carbon in the U.S. Agricultural Sector Jan Lewandrowski, Mark Peters, Carol Jones,

...planet Jupiter. On Earth hydrogen is mainly bound to other elements, to [[carbon]] in [[carbohydrates]] and [[hydrocarbons]], to [[oxygen]] in [[water]], an ...mdash;steam methane reforming) water vapor reacts with methane to yield [[carbon monoxide]] and H₂ at high temperatures (700 &ndash; 1000&nbsp;°

...of the four canonical acid-base disorders expresses as a primary change in carbon dioxide tension or plasma bicarbonate concentration followed by a secondary

Yeast (called "leaven" in ancient times) is also used to produce carbon dioxide bubbles in bread dough; this is then baked to make a lighter bread ...erting [[juice]] into [[wine]], grains into [[beer]], carbohydrates into [[carbon dioxide]] to leaven [[bread]], and sugars in vegetables into preservative o

...cial handling during startup, with air in the chamber first displaced by [[carbon dioxide]] before filling with hydrogen. This ensures that a highly explosiv ...icles. The flue gas contains [[nitrogen]] along with combustion products [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[sulfur dioxide]] (SO₂) and [[nitro

=== Stable carbon isotope analysis === ...l analyses involve measuring the relative levels of stable [[isotope]]s of carbon in tooth [[enamel]]. There are numerous advantages to this technique. Fir

...heir interactions. Steel is harder than iron due to the incorporation of [[carbon]] resulting in a more rigid [[crystalline lattice]]. Wood burns or undergoe ...s. The number of known organic compounds ranges in the millions, owing to carbon's distinctive ability to form long chains and rings while simultaneously bo

...quipment items as well as each and every pipeline with piping class (e.g., carbon steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter). They also show all valv

...PRELIMINARY CARE''': it consists of gastric decontamination with activated carbon or gastric lavage. However, it’s common for patients to get the treatment *Repeated doses of activated carbon can help absorb toxins are in the gastrointestinal tract.

<tr><td>6 <td>C <td>[[Carbon]] <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2 <td bgcolor="#D0D0D0">2<td>2

...ke is an [[aerosol]] that contains >4,000 chemicals, including nicotine, [[carbon monoxide]], [[acrolein]], and oxidant compounds.

...]s (protons and neutrons), such as [[hydrogen]] and [[carbon]]-13 (but not carbon-12!) possess an intrinsic degree of freedom called nuclear angular momentum

...ontains a small percentage of pollutants such as [[particulate matter]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[nitrogen oxide]]s and [[sulfur oxide]]s. The flue gas stacks

...s are supergiant stars of spectral class ''F'' or ''G'' that are rich in [[carbon]] and [[helium]] content but poor in [[hydrogen]]. The cause of these fadings is thought to be due to a cloud of carbon dust that forms when expelled matter from the surface of the star condenses

...n from natural gas ranges from $0.50 to $1.70 per kg. See the section "Low-carbon hydrogen can become competitive within the next decade" in the [https://www ...equire enormous commitments of land and mineral resources. Getting to zero carbon, using currently favored wind and solar technologies, will require a breakt

Chains with an odd-number of [[carbon]]s are oxidized in the same manner as even-numbered chains, but the final p

...lternative to [[heterotroph]]y many bacteria are [[autotrophic]], fixing [[carbon dioxide]] into cell mass. ...[[autotroph]]ic, meaning that they obtain cellular carbon by fixation of [[carbon dioxide]], whereas [[photoorganotroph]]ic and [[chemoorganotroph]]ic organi

|[[Carbon dioxide]]|| align="center"|CO₂|| align="center"|0.033|| align="c Note the amounts of [[greenhouse gas]]es that are present: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Additional gases (not listed in

...ompounds labeled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It

...author = Atterling, H., Forsling, W.|title = Light Polonium Isotopes from Carbon Ion Bombardments of Platinum |journal = Arkiv for Fysik | volume = 15| issu

...elements, hydrogen, [[helium]], [[lithium]], [[boron]], [[nitrogen]] and [[carbon]] have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 protons, respectively, as well as electrons and

#Klemenc-Ketis ''et al.'' (2010) The effect of carbon dioxide on near-death experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivo

...fully applied Fresnel's process using a tall gas absorption tower in which carbon dioxide bubbled up through a descending flow of brine, together with effici

Charcoal and graphite, while both black carbon for drawing, are quite different in texture and feel in the hand.

|colspan="6"|Notes:<br> CO₂ is [[carbon dioxide]], NH₃ is [[ammonia]], H₂O is water and HC is ...but it also [[Hydrolysis|hydrolyzes]] the [[carbonyl sulfide]] (COS) and [[carbon disulfide]] (CS₂) that is formed in the reaction furnace:

...enes are modified chemically, such as by oxidation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton, the resulting compounds are generally referred to as [[terpenoid]

...e it produces large amounts of urease enzyme. Urease breaks urea down into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The ammonia neutralizes the gastric acid that is prese ...an test noninvasively with a blood antibody test, stool antigen test, or a carbon urea breath test. A more reliable test is a biopsy check during endoscopy a

...ting to 0.2 pg. About half of the dry mass of a bacterial cell consists of carbon, and also about half of it can be attributed to proteins. Therefore, a typi ...enty for use in times of want. For example, many [[bacteria]] store excess carbon in the form of [[polyhydroxybutyrate|polyhydroxyalkanoates]] or [[glycogen]

...interactions. [[Steel]] is harder than iron due to the incorporation of [[carbon]] resulting in a more rigid [[crystalline lattice]]. Wood burns or undergoe ...ned as any compound bearing one or more covalent bonds between two or more carbon atoms.

...pment and forming [[oxide]]s (rust). It also combines with any dissolved [[carbon dioxide]] to form [[carbonic acid]] that causes further corrosion. Most dea

...R Launches Building an International Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain Aimed at Carbon-free Society

...fully applied Fresnel's process using a tall gas absorption tower in which carbon dioxide bubbled up through a descending flow of brine, together with effici

...liquid carbon dioxide. In an evaporator, the caffeine is drawn out by the carbon dioxide and precipitates; after a period of [[evaporation]] and re[[condens ...in water, which absorbs the caffeine content. The water is passed through carbon filters which process out the caffeine. A fresh batch of beans is then soak

...nto the atmosphere. [[Air quality]] limit values for [[sulfur dioxide]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[benzene]] and [[lead]] set by the [[European Union]] are no l

...he sea from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant contains radioactive carbon with the potential to damage human DNA"<br> "in addition to radioactive isotope tritium, contains radioactive isotope carbon-14, which is “major contributor to collective human radiation dose and ha

The interstellar medium contains ionised elements (predominantly carbon, silicon and sulphur), neutral elements (most of which is hydrogen, helium,

...rid. Some reactors are not able to do this.</ref> energy needed for a low-carbon future, but not by simply building more of what we already have. New innova {{Image|SMR_temperature.png|right|350px|Fig.7 Zero-carbon, very high-temperature process heat will be needed for some industries.}}

* '''''Packing types:''''' ceramic random, carbon steel and stainless steel random, and structured.

.... Coffin]] in the late 1800s, even as [[carbon arc welding]], which used a carbon electrode, gained popularity. Around 1900, [[A. P. Strohmenger]] released ...ing]] was developed during the 1950s, using a consumable electrode and a [[carbon dioxide]] atmosphere as a shielding gas, and it quickly became the most pop

...ce. Pluto, on the other hand is covered with frozen nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. One possible explanation for the difference is that the materials

...able food and resources; industry cannot continue pumping [[carbon cycle | carbon]] from the

...eral properties. Geologists are most interested in the decay of isotopes [[carbon-14]] (into [[nitrogen-14]]) and [[potassium-40]] (into [[argon-40]]). ...e accurate. Radiocarbon dating is carried out by measuring how much of the carbon-14 and nitrogen-14 isotopes are found in a material. The ratio between the

...p. These relationships are merely a few facets of the great [[carbon cycle|carbon]] and [[oxygen cycle]]s that sustain all life on Earth.

**Orbiting Carbon Observer (OCO) http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov/

...ad libitum||Nicotine patch alone||Abstinence at 26 weeks by 7 days exhaled carbon monoxide testing ||35% ||19% ...tine patch||Nicotine patch alone||Abstinence at 52 weeks by single exhaled carbon monoxide testing || Both drugs 36%<br/>Bupropion alone 30% ||16%

...ditional material used for bicycle frames is steel. Aluminium titanium and carbon fiber frames are also widely available. Exotic materials such as bamboo hav

...ined from the EM spectrum include water ice, methyl alcohol, silicates and carbon dioxide ice.<ref>[http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04940 PIA0494 ...drogen is consumed, the helium is then burned and that in turn synthesises carbon. To continue to burn fuel produced at each stage, the star must be hot enou

...ntrolled so as to provide the desired ratio of [[carbon monoxide]] (CO) to carbon dioxide for each specific FCC design.<ref name=Gary/> <ref name=Jones/> ...well as to comply with any applicable environmental regulatory limits on carbon monoxide emissions.<ref name=Reza/>

...vered that plant growth was the result of both the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (<math>CO_2</math>) into the plant, and the incorporation of water.

...vered that plant growth was the result of both the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (<math>CO_2</math>) into the plant, and the incorporation of water.

...r a single proton, denoted ''I'', bonded to a heteroatom, ''S''. A proton-carbon pair of [[benzene]] is a useful example. No coupling occurs when the magne

...ved [[gyroscope]] to control its [[azimuth]] (i.e., compass heading), with carbon vanes in the exhaust to provide steering. It also contained accelerometers

The earliest origins of major crops based on carbon-14 dating, date back around 10,000 years, just after the end of the last ic ...mestication of ''einkorn'' near the Karacadag Mountain Range. The earliest carbon-14 date for the ''einkorn'' wheat remains at [[Abu Hureyra]] is 7800 to 750

...tain small percentages of air pollutants such as [[particulate matter]], [[carbon monoxide]], [[nitrogen oxide]]s, and [[sulfur oxide]]s in the form of gaseo

...consists of 75-85% water by mass.</ref> For another example, the element [[carbon]] supplies the backbone of numerous species of essential compounds of all a ...Graphite, Diamond, [[Amorphous carbon]], [[Lonsdaleite]], [[Fullerene]], [[Carbon nanotube]].</ref> Oxygen atoms (O), oxygen gas (O₂), and ozone (

Organic reactions can also be classified by the type of bond to carbon with respect to the element involved. More reactions are found in [[organos

...species of atom, such as the copper atoms fashioned into copper wire, the carbon atoms comprising a diamond gem, or iron atoms in a chunk of purified iron. ...s]], defined in terms of the number of atoms of a specified [[isotope]] of carbon in a specified quantity of isotope expressed in kilograms.

...glycerol. PLA2 enzymes specifically [[deacylate]] fatty acids from the 2nd carbon atom (sn2, thus PLA2) of the triglyceride backbone of phospholipids, produc

...mistry is the study of the rest of the periodic table other than primarily carbon-based molecules.

...crystal can be seen as one huge molecule consisting of bonded C—C (carbon-carbon) pairs. ...mon in [[organic chemistry]]. They occur between, for instance, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms and give rise to stable, recognizable, molecu

...roup, that can undergo [[nucleophilic attack]] of the terminal halogenated carbon(s) to form a cyclic cation ([[phosphonium]], [[ammonium]], or [[oxonium]])

|[[Carbon]] ||align="center"|83 to 87 ...though some molecules may be present that have less than 5 or more than 40 carbon atoms.

<tr> <td>[[Carbon]]-13</td> <td>¹³C</td> <td>1/2</td> <td>0.000175</td>

*Sovacool, et al.(2020) Differences in carbon emissions reduction between countries pursuing renewable electricity versus

...mount of [[acid gas]], such as [[hydrogen sulphide]] (H₂S) or [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂) and can cause [[corrosion]].<ref name=GPSA_Datab

...portant role in the maintenance of earth's mineral supplies (such as the [[carbon cycle]]), of air quality (such as [[General circulation model | Earth's res ...global weather and [[Natural environment|environmental]] issues (such as [[carbon dioxide]] displacement).

...am] requires temperatures near 1000C to run efficiently.</ref> for a truly carbon-free economy.

...n liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride.

...because of low blood pressure or [[arrhythmia]], and when blood levels of carbon dioxide are driven down by prolonged hyperventilation. Despite the fact tha

...and development is being devoted to the removal, capture and disposal of [[carbon dioxide]] from flue gases.

...tudied gases and noted the weight ratios of [[nitrogen]], [[oxygen]] and [[carbon]] and proposed the Law of Simple Multiple Proportions (later confirmed by c

...lpha</math>-ketobutyrate]]. In this cleavage reaction, serine acts as the carbon skeleton and homocysteine provides the sulfur atom.

...ius for forty-eight hours in humidified chamber containing five percent of carbon dioxide and the test read with an inverted microscope.

...body and contains the heat exchanger tubes. The shell is fabricated from [[carbon steel]] plates and is stiffened as needed to provide rigidity for the shel

Treatment is given by [[activated carbon]] and/or whole bowel irrigation to decrease the absorption from the GI trac

...ommerce|commercial]] polymers, including [[composite material]]s such as [[carbon fiber]]-[[epoxy]], [[polystyrene]]-[[polybutadiene]] (HIPS), [[acrylonitril

...d consists of the following pairing: left-chain -CO-NH- right chain (the [[carbon|C]] and the [[oxygen|O]] are bound by a double bond, the [[Nitrogen|N]] and ...chains (polyhydrocarbons) to a three carbon backbone. In cells, the third carbon is often a polar head group, linked by a phosphate, such that these [[phosp

...d consists of the following pairing: left-chain -CO-NH- right chain (the [[carbon|C]] and the [[oxygen|O]] are bound by a double bond, the [[Nitrogen|N]] and ...chains (polyhydrocarbons) to a three carbon backbone. In cells, the third carbon is often a polar head group, linked by a phosphate, such that these [[phosp

By examining both ratios of major elements (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) as well as the presence of trace elements, NAA

...biogeochemical cycles--whether the water cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the [[carbon cycle]], or others--happen in concert with one another. Biogeochemical cycl

...from those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing 11 or 12 carbon atoms. It has an initial [[boiling point]] at [[atmospheric pressure]] of a ...le). [[Paraffin|Paraffinic hydrocarbons]] ([[alkane]]s) wherein all of the carbon atoms are in a straight chain have the lowest octane ratings. Hydrocarbons

...from those containing 4 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s to those containing 11 or 12 carbon atoms. It has an initial [[boiling point]] at [[atmospheric pressure]] of a ...le). [[Paraffin|Paraffinic hydrocarbons]] ([[alkane]]s) wherein all of the carbon atoms are in a straight chain have the lowest octane ratings. Hydrocarbons

...erobic protozoan, which uses a hydrogenosome to break down pyruvate into [[carbon dioxide]]. In other words, the hydrogenosome functions as a respiratory org ...spiratory functions. Malic enzymes catalyze malic acid to pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide, also known as malate dehydrogenase. The study of this protein has

...Haldane JS, Haldane JB. (1912) The laws of combination of haemoglobin with carbon monoxide and oxygen. ''J. Physiol'' 44:275-304}} ...?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16993128 The laws of combination of haemoglobin with carbon monoxide and oxygen. ''J. Physiol'' 44:275-304. Free Full-Text]</ref>&nbsp;

...y the subject of research, such as [[Supercritical fluid|supercritical]] [[carbon dioxide]], known as [[List of refrigerants|R-744]]. These have similar effi ...in 1850 and 1853 for a vapor-compression system capable of using either [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), [[ammonia]] (NH₃) or ether.<ref>Brit

::*Carbon C. & Leder H. Face adaptation: Changing stable representations of familiar

...e domestication of einkorn near the Karacadag Mountain Range. The earliest carbon-14 date for the einkorn wheat remains at [[Abu Hureyra]] is 7800 to 7500 ye ...trong and elastic gluten present in bread wheats enables [[dough]] to trap carbon dioxide during leavening, but elastic gluten interferes with the rolling of

...c pulse, or large-scale attacks on electric power transmission lines using carbon filaments to short them out.<ref>{{citation

...ntly stored methane gas, which “….packs a far greater warming punch than [carbon dioxide] (CO₂),”<ref name=walker2007>Walker G (2007) [http://d ...ich causes about 36–70% of the greenhouse effect (not including clouds); [[carbon dioxide]] (CO₂), which causes 9–26%; [[methane]] (CH<sub>4</su