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- ...d=ISBN 0-13-779208-5}}</ref> There are also a number of other subfields of thermodynamics. Historically, thermodynamics developed out of the need to increase the efficiency of the early steam eng21 KB (3,073 words) - 20:08, 1 September 2020
- 102 bytes (12 words) - 16:29, 23 May 2008
- #REDIRECT [[Thermodynamics]]28 bytes (2 words) - 16:20, 1 November 2009
- *{{cite book | author=Perrot, Pierre | title=A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-856552-6}} ...r= McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York| year= 1923}}. Classic advance thermodynamics textbook.1,001 bytes (132 words) - 00:35, 11 October 2009
- '''Entropy''' is a function of the state of a [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic system]]. It is a size-extensive<ref>A size-extensive propert ...his text, when he gave a mathematical formulation of the [[second law of thermodynamics]].36 KB (5,928 words) - 10:21, 8 July 2019
- ...lard Gibbs.jpg|right|thumb|'''[[Willard Gibbs]]''' - founder of ''chemical thermodynamics'']] ...te|state]] within the confines of the [[laws of thermodynamics]]. Chemical thermodynamics can be generally thought of as the application of mathematical methods to t17 KB (2,659 words) - 10:00, 5 November 2009
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 03:56, 15 November 2007
- ...us/engineering/turns/thermo/assets/0521850428c01_p01-37.pdf Chapter 1 of ''Thermodynamics Concepts and Applications''] A book by Stephen R. Turns (ISBN 0-521-85042- .../engineering/turns/thermo/assets/0521850428c04_p218-279.pdf Chapter 4 of ''Thermodynamics Concepts and Applications''] A book by Stephen R. Turns (ISBN 0-521-85042-844 bytes (111 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2009
- 115 bytes (13 words) - 22:01, 22 May 2008
- The '''second law of [[thermodynamics]]''', as formulated in the middle of the 19th century by [[William Thomson, ...ny net consumption of energy. It would ''not'' violate the [[first law of thermodynamics]], because the rotation of the ship's propellers would again heat the water21 KB (3,576 words) - 12:53, 14 February 2021
- ...tions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.193 bytes (29 words) - 04:08, 29 April 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Classical thermodynamics}}564 bytes (64 words) - 11:06, 5 November 2009
- Thermodynamic variable ''S'' appearing in the second law of thermodynamics.111 bytes (13 words) - 09:54, 5 November 2009
- #redirect [[Laws of thermodynamics]]36 bytes (4 words) - 11:49, 20 July 2009
- ...on]] around the turn of the [[20th century]] and current research into the thermodynamics of [[black hole]]s. ==The four laws of thermodynamics==6 KB (873 words) - 06:20, 29 June 2010
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 05:17, 26 September 2007
- In [[thermodynamics]], the '''Maxwell equations''' are a set of equations derived by applicatio ...e thermodynamic parameters are: ''T'' ([[temperature]]), ''S'' ([[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]), ''P'' ([[pressure]]), and ''V'' ([[volume]]).2 KB (238 words) - 07:38, 19 November 2009
- 127 bytes (15 words) - 07:40, 19 November 2009
- *{{cite book | author=Perrot, Pierre | title=A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-856552-6}} ...r= McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York| year= 1923}}. Classic advance thermodynamics textbook.960 bytes (128 words) - 00:31, 11 October 2009
- 266 bytes (36 words) - 07:50, 3 November 2009
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 15:01, 6 November 2009
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 07:10, 4 November 2007
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Chemical thermodynamics]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Laws of thermodynamics}}714 bytes (91 words) - 11:48, 11 January 2010
- 133 bytes (18 words) - 20:43, 3 September 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Classical thermodynamics}}605 bytes (67 words) - 22:21, 6 November 2009
- * [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/topics/Thermodynamics.html Thermodynamics at ''ScienceWorld'']119 bytes (12 words) - 00:42, 11 October 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}739 bytes (87 words) - 11:29, 5 November 2009
- 12 bytes (1 word) - 15:01, 6 November 2009
Page text matches
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Classical thermodynamics}}605 bytes (67 words) - 22:21, 6 November 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Classical thermodynamics}}564 bytes (64 words) - 11:06, 5 November 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}739 bytes (87 words) - 11:29, 5 November 2009
- ...us/engineering/turns/thermo/assets/0521850428c01_p01-37.pdf Chapter 1 of ''Thermodynamics Concepts and Applications''] A book by Stephen R. Turns (ISBN 0-521-85042- .../engineering/turns/thermo/assets/0521850428c04_p218-279.pdf Chapter 4 of ''Thermodynamics Concepts and Applications''] A book by Stephen R. Turns (ISBN 0-521-85042-844 bytes (111 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2009
- A theoretical model by which one can derive the laws of [[Thermodynamics|thermodynamics]] via statistical analysis of the dynamics of a large number of atoms and m171 bytes (27 words) - 14:08, 24 November 2020
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Laws of thermodynamics}}254 bytes (30 words) - 02:39, 27 June 2012
- #REDIRECT [[Thermodynamics]]28 bytes (2 words) - 18:29, 19 April 2010
- #REDIRECT [[Thermodynamics]]28 bytes (2 words) - 16:20, 1 November 2009
- #REDIRECT [[Entropy (thermodynamics)]]38 bytes (3 words) - 02:21, 2 December 2009
- #REDIRECT [[Entropy (thermodynamics)]]38 bytes (3 words) - 02:24, 2 December 2009
- Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Chemical thermodynamics]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Laws of thermodynamics}}714 bytes (91 words) - 11:48, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}292 bytes (32 words) - 11:13, 5 November 2009
- #redirect [[Laws of thermodynamics]]36 bytes (4 words) - 11:49, 20 July 2009
- #redirect [[Laws of thermodynamics]]36 bytes (4 words) - 11:50, 20 July 2009
- #redirect [[Laws of thermodynamics]]36 bytes (4 words) - 11:50, 20 July 2009
- #redirect [[Laws of thermodynamics]]36 bytes (4 words) - 11:50, 20 July 2009
- * [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/topics/Thermodynamics.html Thermodynamics at ''ScienceWorld'']119 bytes (12 words) - 00:42, 11 October 2009
- #REDIRECT [[Maxwell equations (thermodynamics)]]48 bytes (4 words) - 07:46, 19 November 2009
- {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}} {{r|Thermodynamics}}348 bytes (41 words) - 11:23, 5 November 2009
- * Thermodynamics: [[Perpetual motion machine]]69 bytes (6 words) - 11:58, 18 November 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}811 bytes (105 words) - 15:22, 16 March 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}398 bytes (45 words) - 11:18, 5 November 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Thermodynamics}}361 bytes (43 words) - 02:23, 28 May 2010
- *{{cite book | author=Perrot, Pierre | title=A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-856552-6}} ...r= McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York| year= 1923}}. Classic advance thermodynamics textbook.960 bytes (128 words) - 00:31, 11 October 2009
- Thermodynamic variable ''S'' appearing in the second law of thermodynamics.111 bytes (13 words) - 09:54, 5 November 2009
- *{{cite book | author=Perrot, Pierre | title=A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-856552-6}} ...r= McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York| year= 1923}}. Classic advance thermodynamics textbook.1,001 bytes (132 words) - 00:35, 11 October 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}513 bytes (64 words) - 15:55, 26 November 2009
- ...year=1999|id=ISBN 0-07-0697167}}*{{cite book|author=Stephan R. Turns|title=Thermodynamics: Concepts and Application|edition=First Edition|publisher=Cambridge Univers *{{cite book|author=K.Y. Narayanan|title=A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=|publisher=Prentice-Hall India|year=2001|id=ISBN 81-203-1732-7}}865 bytes (123 words) - 17:17, 3 July 2008
- *{{cite book|author=Mark W. Zemansky and Richard H. Dittman| title=Heat and Thermodynamics: An Intermediate Textbook| publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1997|id= ISBN 0-07-01 *{{cite book|author=J. Bevan Ott and Juliana Boerio-Goates |title=Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Academic Press|y1 KB (172 words) - 00:44, 12 March 2008
- (1821-1895) Scientist who made major contributions to physical chemistry, thermodynamics, electromagnetism and organic chemistry.165 bytes (17 words) - 06:09, 22 October 2008
- ...ontaneous (natural) process inside the system that, by the [[second law of thermodynamics]], is accompanied by an entropy ''increase''.998 bytes (147 words) - 16:29, 16 January 2022
- ...[[metabolism]], using [[biophysics|biophysical]] methods from [[biological thermodynamics]] and [[ecology]].191 bytes (23 words) - 22:02, 22 May 2008
- *{{cite book|author=Yunus A. Çengal and Michael A. Bowes|title=Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach|edition=5th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=200 *{{cite book|author=McQuarrie, Donald A. and Simon, John D.|title=Molecular Thermodynamics|edition=|publisher= University Science Books |year=1999|id=ISBN 1-891389-052 KB (286 words) - 20:36, 7 February 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}} {{r|Thermodynamics}}856 bytes (107 words) - 16:19, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}859 bytes (122 words) - 14:13, 24 May 2010
- ...tions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.193 bytes (29 words) - 04:08, 29 April 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}117 bytes (14 words) - 23:10, 12 January 2011
- == Thermodynamics ==1 KB (163 words) - 12:29, 2 October 2013
- ...gineering concerned with the utilisation of the basic laws of mathematics, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and system dynamics in order to create unique solutions to237 bytes (32 words) - 01:51, 2 January 2009
- {{rpl|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}110 bytes (11 words) - 06:57, 24 September 2013
- ...tem]]; often described as a [[paradox]] in relation to the [[second law of thermodynamics]].236 bytes (31 words) - 04:45, 20 April 2010
- ...of chemistry traditionally using the principles, practices and concepts of thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and kinetics.320 bytes (38 words) - 02:46, 30 April 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}} {{r|Second law of thermodynamics}}1 KB (161 words) - 04:51, 20 April 2010
- *[http://ecen.com/eee9/ecoterme.htm Economy and Thermodynamics: Borisas Cimbleris (1998)]638 bytes (86 words) - 08:26, 21 September 2013
- ...little-known today, made major contributions to [[physical chemistry]], [[thermodynamics]], [[electromagnetic force|electromagnetism]] and [[organic chemistry]]. Hi ...], but did not have the chemical bonding quite right. His contributions to thermodynamics led to the work by [[James Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] and [[Ludwig Bolt1 KB (180 words) - 08:13, 14 September 2013
- *[[Quantum thermodynamics]]473 bytes (45 words) - 14:05, 26 September 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}190 bytes (27 words) - 07:12, 7 May 2008
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}195 bytes (26 words) - 11:07, 21 June 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}344 bytes (40 words) - 19:53, 26 October 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}333 bytes (43 words) - 19:57, 26 October 2009
- ...on]] around the turn of the [[20th century]] and current research into the thermodynamics of [[black hole]]s. ==The four laws of thermodynamics==6 KB (873 words) - 06:20, 29 June 2010
- {{r|Biological thermodynamics}} {{r|Thermodynamics}}2 KB (262 words) - 06:07, 20 April 2010
- In [[thermodynamics]], the '''Maxwell equations''' are a set of equations derived by applicatio ...e thermodynamic parameters are: ''T'' ([[temperature]]), ''S'' ([[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]), ''P'' ([[pressure]]), and ''V'' ([[volume]]).2 KB (238 words) - 07:38, 19 November 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}220 bytes (23 words) - 08:04, 27 July 2023
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}300 bytes (35 words) - 13:16, 10 April 2010
- ...es of the mixture.<ref>{{cite book|author=N.A. Gokcen and R.G. Reddy|title=Thermodynamics|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Plenum Press|year=1996|id=ISBN 0-306-45380-0} Mole fractions are very commonly used in [[chemistry]], [[thermodynamics]], [[chemical engineering]] and other disciplines to express concentrations2 KB (312 words) - 22:27, 3 February 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}275 bytes (38 words) - 22:10, 20 June 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}516 bytes (60 words) - 13:33, 10 April 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}394 bytes (47 words) - 19:49, 11 April 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}476 bytes (56 words) - 19:41, 20 September 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}467 bytes (58 words) - 15:25, 20 October 2009
- ...ield, John. (2007) "Survival of the Likeliest? — ''Using the laws of thermodynamics to explain natural selection — and life itself'' — A Public Lib463 bytes (63 words) - 20:17, 20 October 2011
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}494 bytes (64 words) - 18:13, 17 April 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}504 bytes (64 words) - 16:51, 3 July 2011
- ...ert M. Wald. [http://relativity.livingreviews.org/Articles/lrr-2001-6/ The Thermodynamics of Black Holes]1 KB (154 words) - 07:30, 1 March 2014
- *{{cite book |title=Lectures on Theoretical Physics: Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics Vol. V |author=Arnold Sommerfeld |year=1964 |publ636 bytes (85 words) - 17:51, 15 January 2011
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}589 bytes (75 words) - 13:21, 8 July 2011
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}635 bytes (81 words) - 14:05, 20 December 2009
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- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}672 bytes (89 words) - 13:14, 7 April 2022
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}618 bytes (80 words) - 11:24, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}547 bytes (71 words) - 17:03, 3 July 2011
- {{r|Entropy (thermodynamics)}}729 bytes (87 words) - 13:53, 20 December 2009
- *{{cite book|author=Kau-Fui Vincent Wong|title=Thermodynamics for Engineers|edition=1st Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2000|pages=pp. 9526 bytes (78 words) - 19:04, 7 March 2010
- {{r|Atmospheric thermodynamics}}627 bytes (75 words) - 16:02, 8 May 2010
- ...g]] concerned with the utilisation of the basic laws of [[mathematics]], [[thermodynamics]], [[heat transfer]], [[fluid dynamics]], and [[system dynamics]] in order728 bytes (96 words) - 08:53, 4 May 2012
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}663 bytes (84 words) - 19:23, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}677 bytes (90 words) - 20:04, 11 January 2010
- *{{CZ:Ref:Talbot 1972 Antecedents of Thermodynamics in the Work of Guillaume Amontons}}608 bytes (81 words) - 00:18, 11 January 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}749 bytes (103 words) - 02:02, 7 March 2024
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}752 bytes (97 words) - 19:32, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}806 bytes (103 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2024
- *{{cite book|author=N.A. Gokcen and R.G. Reddy|title=Thermodynamics (The Language of Science)|edition=1st Edition |publisher=Springer|year=199573 bytes (87 words) - 01:49, 4 February 2009
- ...more energy than it consumes. It is considered impossible by the laws of [[thermodynamics]]. == Thermodynamics ==7 KB (1,041 words) - 13:05, 15 October 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}875 bytes (112 words) - 19:15, 11 January 2010
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}800 bytes (101 words) - 18:22, 11 January 2010
- ...s Containing the Elements C, H, N, O, P and S]Eugene S. Domalski, Chemical Thermodynamics Data Center, [[National Bureau of Standards]], Washington, D.C., J. Phys. C971 bytes (148 words) - 23:47, 23 September 2008
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}828 bytes (110 words) - 13:36, 8 July 2011
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}892 bytes (119 words) - 12:49, 16 January 2009
- *{{cite book|author= R. K. Rajput|title=Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=3rd Edition|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|year=2009|id=ISBN 1-934015-1971 bytes (144 words) - 01:44, 13 November 2009
- ...resh Chandra and P.K. Bharti|title=Introduction to Mecahnical Engineering: Thermodynamics, Mechanics and Strength of Materials|edition=5th Edition|publisher=New Age790 bytes (114 words) - 16:13, 20 October 2009
- ...Van Ness and Michael M. Abbott|title=Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=Seventh Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2005|id=ISBN 0-07-310445806 bytes (116 words) - 16:10, 27 February 2008
- *{{cite book|author=John M. Seddon and Julian D. Gale|title=Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics|edition=|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|yea773 bytes (113 words) - 23:20, 9 June 2008
- ...part of his career Thomson made pioneering contributions to the field of [[thermodynamics]] and the theory of [[electromagnetism]]. Later in life he played a crucial931 bytes (144 words) - 14:01, 18 December 2009
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}1 KB (169 words) - 15:54, 1 March 2010
- ...ition|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|id=ISBN 0-19-879285-9}} (Thermodynamics)939 bytes (134 words) - 12:51, 4 April 2009
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}1 KB (160 words) - 11:58, 31 December 2022
- In [[thermodynamics]], '''enthalpy''' is the sum of the [[internal energy]] ''U'' and the prod ...is, to describe ''H'' as function of its "natural variables" [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]] ''S'', pressure ''p'', and amount of substance ''n''.<ref> If m5 KB (786 words) - 15:36, 2 December 2009
- ...iving organisms (or possibly groups thereof), though it blends over into [[thermodynamics]] at the molecular level, where [[static]] and [[dynamic]] descriptions of1 KB (174 words) - 15:37, 3 December 2008
- ...abatic wall. From this usage is derived '''adiabatic process''' that in [[thermodynamics]] refers to a process that takes place without absorption or generation of1 KB (167 words) - 20:26, 18 September 2021
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}1 KB (161 words) - 11:55, 31 December 2022
- *{{cite book|author=Dixon S.L.|title=Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery|edition=Third Edition|publisher=Pergamon Press|year=1978|1 KB (155 words) - 02:26, 16 September 2008
- ...be satisfied if we simply give examples. For instance, the [[second law of thermodynamics]] was already true prior to its being discovered in the 19th century.1 KB (222 words) - 12:51, 14 February 2021
- ...e) in more rapid motion than those of the colder body. The [[first law of thermodynamics]], discovered around the middle of the 19th century, states that the (flow ...e spontaneous flow of heat. This is in accordance with the [[second law of thermodynamics]] that states that spontaneous thermodynamic processes are associated with9 KB (1,565 words) - 15:42, 16 March 2010
- {{r|Chemical thermodynamics}}2 KB (250 words) - 09:18, 6 March 2024
- ...>{{cite book|author=J. Bevan Ott and Juliana Boerio-Goates |title=Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Academic Press|y Isentropic expansion (meaning an expansion at constant [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]) — in which a gas does positive work in the process of expansi7 KB (1,081 words) - 05:42, 4 September 2013
- ...atics]]. Physical chemistry is comprised of three key areas of study: [[thermodynamics]], [[kinetics]], and [[quantum chemistry]]. ...eas of study include [[chemical thermodynamics|thermochemistry]] (chemical thermodynamics), [[chemical kinetics]], [[Chemical statistics|statistical chemistry]]. [[q5 KB (604 words) - 12:46, 19 October 2020
- ...d=ISBN 0-13-779208-5}}</ref> There are also a number of other subfields of thermodynamics. Historically, thermodynamics developed out of the need to increase the efficiency of the early steam eng21 KB (3,073 words) - 20:08, 1 September 2020
- ...: physical properties of chemicals and other materials; [[mathematics]]; [[thermodynamics]]; [[heat transfer]]; [[mass transfer]]; [[fluid dynamics]]; [[chemical rea2 KB (205 words) - 17:17, 18 February 2010
- ...lard Gibbs.jpg|right|thumb|'''[[Willard Gibbs]]''' - founder of ''chemical thermodynamics'']] ...te|state]] within the confines of the [[laws of thermodynamics]]. Chemical thermodynamics can be generally thought of as the application of mathematical methods to t17 KB (2,659 words) - 10:00, 5 November 2009
- ...=1969|id=}}</ref><ref name=Turns>{{cite book|author=Stephan R. Turns|title=Thermodynamics: Concepts and Application|edition=First Edition|publisher=Cambridge Univers In [[Thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] terminology, <math>C_p</math> and <math>C_V</math> may be e10 KB (1,459 words) - 16:10, 23 September 2013
- In [[thermodynamics]], a ''[[physical system|system]]'' is any object, any quantity of matter, ...ergy''' of a system is simply its [[energy]]. The term was introduced into thermodynamics in 1852 by W. Thomson (the later Lord Kelvin).<ref>W. Thomson, ''On a Unive16 KB (2,628 words) - 14:15, 12 December 2021
- *[[Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory]]1 KB (232 words) - 07:17, 4 January 2008
- The [[third law of thermodynamics]] asserts that it is impossible to reduce the temperature of any system to2 KB (249 words) - 20:01, 18 September 2021
- *{{Citation|author=Phillip Hall and Carl Peterson| title = Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion| edition = 2nd| publisher = Addison-Wesley| year = 1992| loca1 KB (207 words) - 22:53, 27 July 2012
- ...>{{cite book|author=J. Bevan Ott and Juliana Boerio-Goates |title=Chemical Thermodynamics: Principles and Applications|edition=1st Edition|publisher=Academic Press|y7 KB (1,084 words) - 05:41, 4 September 2013
- ...=1969|id=}}</ref><ref name=Turns>{{cite book|author=Stephan R. Turns|title=Thermodynamics: Concepts and Application|edition=First Edition|publisher=Cambridge Univers In [[Thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] terminology, <math>C_p</math> and <math>C_V</math> may be e10 KB (1,457 words) - 16:09, 23 September 2013
- {{r|Thermodynamics}}2 KB (269 words) - 04:51, 22 March 2011
- ...e D. Boettner and Margaret B. Bailey (2010), ''Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics'', 7th Edition, Wiley, page 131, ISBN: 0-470-49590-1.</ref>5 KB (821 words) - 16:14, 14 October 2013
- ...Ness and M. M. Abott|year=2001|title=Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|publisher=McGraw Hill|edition=6th edition|isbn=0-07-240296-2}}2 KB (285 words) - 21:33, 26 April 2010
- {{r|The thermodynamics of life}}3 KB (375 words) - 10:21, 31 July 2009
- ...for many pure liquids:<ref name=Vidal>{{cite book|author=Jean Vidal|title=Thermodynamics: Applications in Chemical Engineering and the Petroleum Industry|edition=|p ...h, H.C. Van Ness and M.M. Abbot|title=Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=7th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2004|id=ISBN 0-07-310445-0}}12 KB (1,850 words) - 12:25, 30 April 2012
- ...to its final form. These, taken together and related through the laws of [[thermodynamics]], govern the material’s [[microstructure]], and thus its properties. ...se, and their study commonly combines elements of chemical and statistical thermodynamics to give thermodynamical, rather than mechanical descriptions of physical pr11 KB (1,457 words) - 03:51, 1 November 2010
- The '''second law of [[thermodynamics]]''', as formulated in the middle of the 19th century by [[William Thomson, ...ny net consumption of energy. It would ''not'' violate the [[first law of thermodynamics]], because the rotation of the ship's propellers would again heat the water21 KB (3,576 words) - 12:53, 14 February 2021
- ...it is only useful for qualitative purposes.<ref>T. L. Hill, ''Statistical Thermodynamics'', Addison-Wesley, Reading (1960), p. 280</ref> ===Statistical thermodynamics derivation===18 KB (2,966 words) - 19:13, 10 March 2023
- ...microscopic constituents and, thus, connects the macroscopic viewpoint of thermodynamics with the atomic nature of matter described by either classical physics or q ...[quantum mechanics]] (in the applied subfield of [[quantum chemistry]]), [[thermodynamics]], and [[electromagnetism]].14 KB (1,896 words) - 14:20, 27 December 2022
- ...]) and two [[isentropic process|isentropes]] (paths of constant [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]). A Carnot engine is an idealization of real engines, in actua ...his life time), Carnot came very close to formulating the [[second law of thermodynamics]], especially in its form given by [[Lord Kelvin|W. Thomson]]. For this rea21 KB (3,684 words) - 10:27, 8 July 2019
- From classical thermodynamics it is known that From the second law of thermodynamics it is known that for a reversible phase transition it holds that9 KB (1,442 words) - 18:43, 19 February 2010
- ...it is only useful for qualitative purposes.<ref>T. L. Hill, ''Statistical Thermodynamics'', Addison-Wesley, Reading (1960), p. 280</ref> ===Statistical thermodynamics derivation===16 KB (2,711 words) - 16:42, 23 September 2013
- ...ely disordered state. Following the [[Laws of thermodynamics|second law of thermodynamics]], gas particles will immediately [[diffusion|diffuse]] to homogeneously fi8 KB (1,191 words) - 19:28, 22 January 2011
- *{{cite book|author=Kau-Fui Vincent Wong|title=Thermodynamics for Engineers|edition=1st Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2000|pages=pp. 94 KB (230 words) - 12:56, 11 March 2010
- '''Entropy''' is a function of the state of a [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic system]]. It is a size-extensive<ref>A size-extensive propert ...his text, when he gave a mathematical formulation of the [[second law of thermodynamics]].36 KB (5,928 words) - 10:21, 8 July 2019
- ...ted. The calculation is based on the [[Laws of thermodynamics|first law of thermodynamics]] (i.e., the ''conservation of energy'') and on the fact that the [[heat of ...ook|author=Merle C. Potter and Craig W. Somerton|title=Schaum's Outline of Thermodynamics for Engineers|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2006|id=ISBN 012 KB (1,825 words) - 17:36, 28 March 2021
- ...ref><ref name=Rao>{{cite book|author=Y.V.C. Rao|title=Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=|publisher=Universities Press (India)|year=1997|id=ISBN 81-7371-048 ...G-1 on page G.145)</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kai-Fui Vincent Wong|title=Thermodynamics for Engineers|edition=1st Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-823 KB (3,685 words) - 10:47, 9 September 2023
- ...ref><ref name=Rao>{{cite book|author=Y.V.C. Rao|title=Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=|publisher=Universities Press (India)|year=1997|id=ISBN 81-7371-048 ...G-1 on page G.145)</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kai-Fui Vincent Wong|title=Thermodynamics for Engineers|edition=1st Edition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-823 KB (3,702 words) - 10:47, 9 September 2023
- ...ith [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]], follows from the [[zeroth law of thermodynamics]]. The formal properties of temperature are studied in [[thermodynamics]] and [[statistical mechanics]]. The temperature of a system at [[thermodyn23 KB (3,670 words) - 05:52, 15 March 2024
- ...[[phase transition]]s, and their energetics are studied in the field of [[thermodynamics]]. ...called '''states of matter''', but this term can lead to confusion with [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] states. For example, two gases maintained at different pres9 KB (1,454 words) - 17:15, 9 October 2013
- ...ch as [[electricity]]<ref>Galvani's experiments with frog muscle.</ref>, [[thermodynamics]]<ref>J. Mayer's proposition that photosynthesis is an energy conversion pr4 KB (548 words) - 06:56, 15 November 2013
- ...l KA, Bromberg S, Stigter D (2003) ''Molecular Driving Forces: Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry and Biology.'' Garland Science, New York. ISBN 0-8153-2051-5 *Haynie DT. (2008) ''Biological Thermodynamics''. 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521884464.18 KB (2,682 words) - 02:51, 19 September 2013
- <big>'''Survival of the Likeliest? — ''Using the laws of thermodynamics to explain natural selection — and life itself'' — 2007 Essay f At first glance, life and the laws of thermodynamics seem to be at loggerheads. Most glaringly, the second law states that over23 KB (3,582 words) - 13:26, 22 August 2013
- SOC is typically observed in slowly-driven [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics|non-equilibrium]] systems with extended [[degrees of freedom (physics and c5 KB (554 words) - 07:16, 9 June 2009
- The main interest of van der Waals was in the field of [[thermodynamics]]. He was much influenced<ref name=Van1910>{{cite journal ...Néerlandaises. By relating his equation of state with the [[Second Law of Thermodynamics]], in the form first proposed by Willard Gibbs, he was able to arrive at a10 KB (1,520 words) - 09:14, 2 March 2024
- The main interest of van der Waals was in the field of [[thermodynamics]]. He was much influenced<ref name=Van1910>{{cite journal ...Néerlandaises. By relating his equation of state with the [[Second Law of Thermodynamics]], in the form first proposed by Willard Gibbs, he was able to arrive at a10 KB (1,521 words) - 09:14, 2 March 2024
- ...NASA SP-3096 is arguably one of the best introductory texts on equilibrium thermodynamics and was written specifically for aeronautical engineers doing entry vehicle4 KB (630 words) - 15:38, 20 July 2008
- ...</ref><ref name=Rao>{{cite book|author=Y.V.C. Rao|title=An Introduction to Thermodynamics|edition=2nd Edition|publisher=Universities Press (India)|year=2004|id=ISBN ...sor as a saturated vapor. From point 1 to point 2, the vapor is [[Entropy (thermodynamics)|isentropically]] compressed (i.e., compressed at constant entropy) and exi18 KB (2,699 words) - 10:31, 28 June 2023
- ...nent of the intermolecular force; see [[Van der Waals equation#Statistical thermodynamics derivation|this article]] for the analytic form of van der Waals' original6 KB (899 words) - 09:39, 29 August 2009
- ...m|dynamical]] aspects of economic behaviour, focusing on [[non-equilibrium thermodynamics|non-equilibrium]] systems, [[bounded rationality]] and [[multi-agent system6 KB (623 words) - 10:16, 26 September 2007
- ...l phenomenon. It is a [[scalar]] quantity and a fundamental parameter in [[thermodynamics]].6 KB (963 words) - 10:47, 9 September 2023
- ...oftware and network engineering, so you are immediately giving me far more thermodynamics than I remember. Nevertheless, my initial thought is that I would find it5 KB (860 words) - 02:58, 2 February 2009
- In spite of the [[second law of thermodynamics]], crystallization of pure liquids usually begins at lower temperature than6 KB (821 words) - 15:24, 14 August 2009
- '''S<sub>L</sub>''' = liquid specific [[Entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]] '''S'''<sub>Vap</sub> = [[entropy of vaporization]]   ...c Corporation</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= R. K. Rajput|title=Engineering Thermodynamics|edition=3rd Edition|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|year=2009|id=ISBN 1-934015-117 KB (2,440 words) - 15:23, 8 April 2023
- ...operty reported (thick curves) is not compatible with the [[Second Law of thermodynamics]]. With such a material, the [[Perpetual motion]] device would be possible On the base of the [[Second Law of thermodynamics]], the experimental results15 KB (2,338 words) - 08:12, 27 June 2010
- This distribution is known in [[statistical thermodynamics]] as a [[Boltzmann distribution]].6 KB (1,076 words) - 18:14, 27 August 2009
- Basing his thinking on the widely accepted [[Thermodynamics|law of conservation of energy]], Pauli postulated the existence of an elect6 KB (932 words) - 09:45, 13 March 2022
- ...ectrons) and [[energy]], especially in conjunction with the [[First Law of Thermodynamics]]. Traditionally, chemistry involves interactions between the electrons of ...ermodynamics]], [[chemical kinetics]], [[electrochemistry]], [[statistical thermodynamics]], [[statistical mechanics]], and [[spectroscopy]], [[macromolecular chemis22 KB (3,143 words) - 09:41, 6 March 2024
- ...bstractions as "an isolated physical system strives for maximum [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]" or "the [[wave function]] of a system collapses when a measurem7 KB (1,068 words) - 11:41, 21 November 2009
- ...t masses. However, for other properties of ideal gases, such as [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]], the internal structure may play a role. ...cs]]<ref>{{cite book|author=T.L. Hill|title=An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics|edition=|publisher= Dover Publications|date=1987|id=ISBN 0-486-65242-4}}</r14 KB (2,204 words) - 15:26, 20 November 2022
- ...electrons) and [[energy]], especially in conjunction with the First Law of Thermodynamics. Traditionally, chemistry involves interactions between the electrons of su ...ermodynamics]], [[chemical kinetics]], [[electrochemistry]], [[statistical thermodynamics]], [[statistical mechanics]], and [[spectroscopy]], [[macromolecular chemis23 KB (3,309 words) - 09:41, 6 March 2024
- ...sponsible for all these processes. Of course, rather than defy the laws of thermodynamics, the chemical reactions that make up metabolic processes always obey them.14 KB (2,059 words) - 12:47, 6 September 2013
- ...sponsible for all these processes. Of course, rather than defy the laws of thermodynamics, the chemical reactions that make up metabolic processes always obey them.14 KB (2,063 words) - 12:41, 6 September 2013
- As a final remark: in quantum statistical thermodynamics the Boltzmann distribution appears as the high-temperature limit of both [[8 KB (1,247 words) - 12:22, 12 March 2011
- ...tunately, this is not the case, the laws of [[physics]] do not allow it. [[Thermodynamics]] dictates that the larger part of the combustion energy is turned into non ==Energy in thermodynamics==43 KB (7,032 words) - 15:15, 15 August 2022
- *Schneider ED, Sagan D (2005) ''Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life.'' Chicago: The University of Chicago Press ISBN 0-226-73937-67 KB (924 words) - 02:47, 7 February 2010
- ...In 1905 he published his book ''Thermodynamik technischer Gasreaktionen'' (Thermodynamics of technical gas reactions), which treats the foundations of his subseque ...and gained a great reputation, especially in electrochemistry and chemical thermodynamics. He assembled a very large research group, of about forty persons (includin15 KB (2,281 words) - 02:47, 24 March 2010
- ...ion of traces is the character of the representation) and in [[statistical thermodynamics]] (the trace of a thermodynamic observable times the density operator is th12 KB (1,903 words) - 10:57, 2 February 2009
- ...ich display identical scaling behaviour as they approach [[critical point (thermodynamics)|criticality]] — can be shown, via [[renormalization group]] theory, to s9 KB (1,454 words) - 08:23, 18 October 2013
- ...Carter, and Stephen W. Hawking formulated four laws concerning black hole thermodynamics for the foundation of cryogenic technology applied in quantum sensing. <ref9 KB (1,324 words) - 08:30, 31 July 2023
- ...me=schneider05> Schneider ED, Sagan D (2005) ''Into the Cool: Energy Flow, Thermodynamics, and Life.'' Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-73937-6 [ ...efflux of waste (disorder), which thereby complies with the second law of thermodynamics and permits sustaining and exploiting a dynamically organized state far fro17 KB (2,563 words) - 15:36, 28 June 2012
- ...s such as whether biological systems are compatible with the second law of thermodynamics and whether they could be explained by quantum mechanics….There have also *[[Thermodynamics]] of [[natural selection]] I: [[Energy flow]] and the limits on organizatio33 KB (4,743 words) - 17:28, 28 June 2012
- ...acecraft, or missiles and rockets, and may become experts in aerodynamics, thermodynamics, celestial mechanics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control system9 KB (1,256 words) - 07:31, 20 April 2024
- ...yst changes the [[chemical kinetics]] of a reaction but not the [[chemical thermodynamics]]. The thermodynamic (Gibbs free) energy of the reactants and products is n ...y the catalyst. As noted above, the catalyst does not change the chemical thermodynamics of the reaction. Thus, if a reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable, the21 KB (3,174 words) - 07:31, 20 April 2024
- ...es of the mixture.<ref>{{cite book|author=N.A. Gokcen and R.G. Reddy|title=Thermodynamics (The Language of Science)|edition=1st Edition |publisher=Springer|year=19911 KB (1,787 words) - 11:47, 2 February 2023
- ..., operation analysis, and specific fields, such as evolutionary theory and thermodynamics. That goal was not achieved and various reasons may be given for the failur10 KB (1,412 words) - 17:20, 20 October 2016
- ...Containing the Elements C, H, N, O, P and S], Eugene S. Domalski, Chemical Thermodynamics Data Center, [[National Bureau of Standards]], Washington, D.C., J. Phys. C13 KB (1,833 words) - 05:42, 19 October 2013
- At Harvard, his research interests were in thermodynamics, spectroscopy, and chemical kinetics. He became increasingly involved with11 KB (1,596 words) - 16:22, 30 March 2024
- * [[Thermodynamics|Thermodynamic]] tables of the fluid state.11 KB (1,596 words) - 09:29, 2 August 2023
- ...equation]]:<ref>{{cite book|author=John M. Seddon and Julian D. Gale|title=Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics|edition=|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|yea15 KB (2,372 words) - 00:31, 28 October 2013
- ...|Whitfield, John]], Survival of the Likeliest? — ''Using the laws of thermodynamics to explain natural selection — and life itself'' — A 2007 Essay10 KB (1,596 words) - 05:02, 8 March 2024
- ...equation]]:<ref>{{cite book|author=John M. Seddon and Julian D. Gale|title=Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics|edition=|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|yea15 KB (2,373 words) - 19:13, 5 August 2018
- ...und time to do his famous cannon boring experiments that established the [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] connection between heat and work. However, Rumford had made [[thermodynamics]]) and that energy can be converted from one form to22 KB (3,530 words) - 12:07, 10 November 2009
- ...the fundamentals of [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[fluid dynamics]] and [[thermodynamics]].13 KB (1,867 words) - 11:50, 2 February 2023
- The [[thermodynamics]] of the actinides controls much of their environmental chemistry, a series13 KB (2,007 words) - 09:16, 6 March 2024
- ...London when the War began. He became a world class scientist, a founder of thermodynamics and famous also for research in artillery ordnance. His expressed a desire14 KB (2,106 words) - 17:30, 19 May 2022
- ...1874.</ref> that could violate the [[Laws of thermodynamics|second law of thermodynamics]]. This law had been formulated in the 1850s by [[William Thomson]] and [[R ...modynamics-meets-the-demon/ Maxwell's demon] - blog post on the history of thermodynamics, with detailed treatment of the demon</ref>.35 KB (5,595 words) - 12:26, 6 September 2013
- ...s, the expansion is an [[isentropic process]] (i.e., a constant [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]] process) and the low pressure exhaust gas from the turbine is at16 KB (2,411 words) - 09:37, 6 March 2024
- ...the Casimir force" is in principle possible without violating the laws of thermodynamics.16 KB (2,522 words) - 14:33, 14 May 2023
- ...1874.</ref> that could violate the [[Laws of thermodynamics|second law of thermodynamics]]. This law had been formulated in the 1850s by [[William Thomson]] and [[R ...modynamics-meets-the-demon/ Maxwell's demon] - blog post on the history of thermodynamics, with detailed treatment of the demon</ref>.35 KB (5,571 words) - 12:27, 6 September 2013
- ...nthetic]] dichotomy, and the [[verification principle]]. His writings on [[thermodynamics]] and on the foundations of [[probability]] and [[Inductive reasoning|induc15 KB (2,251 words) - 14:06, 2 February 2023
- * The gas flow is isentropic (i.e., at constant [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]), [[Friction (science)|frictionless]], and [[adiabatic]] (i.e.,16 KB (2,555 words) - 02:46, 13 March 2024
- ...-142294-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Dixon S.L.|title=Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery|edition=Third Edition|publisher=Pergammon Press|year=197817 KB (2,493 words) - 19:22, 17 February 2010
- ...between [[vapor]] and [[liquid]] phases of a substance in the fields of [[thermodynamics]], [[physical chemistry]] and [[chemical engineering]] involves a logarithm19 KB (3,039 words) - 12:51, 7 March 2023
- ...ears, that argues that the evolutionary driving force is the Second Law of Thermodynamics, continues to be promoted by some, while severely criticized by others. If14 KB (2,016 words) - 10:21, 11 July 2020
- ...= Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics | edition = 5th ed. | publisher = W. H. Freeman | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 017 KB (2,543 words) - 19:59, 19 March 2023
- ...escription. On the other hand, a change in temperature is a key element in thermodynamics, related to microscopic theory by statistical mechanics, and changes in tem47 KB (6,881 words) - 10:00, 14 July 2015
- ...w directions, exploring non-Newtonian topics in electricity, magnetism and thermodynamics, and in mathematics turning to topics unrelated to calculus, like group the17 KB (2,625 words) - 19:47, 19 March 2023
- | [[heat capacity]], [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]]|| kg·m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−2</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>23 KB (3,590 words) - 20:32, 4 February 2024
- ...alpy of reaction]] Δ''H'' is −571.6 kJ<ref>E. A. Guggenheim, ''Thermodynamics'', 5th edition, North Holland, Amsterdam (1967), p. 242</ref> (per mole O<s20 KB (3,081 words) - 21:57, 31 March 2022
- ===The thermodynamics of 'living'=== ...Article by John Whitfield: Survival of the Likeliest? — Using the laws of thermodynamics to explain natural selection — and life itself]]''150 KB (22,449 words) - 05:42, 6 March 2024
- ...reased from under 35% to close to 45%.<ref>Because of the [[second law of thermodynamics]] there is a fixed physical limit on the efficiency. By [[Carnot's law]] th Above the [[critical point (thermodynamics)|critical point]] for water of 374 °C and 22 MPa, there is no [[phase tran46 KB (7,021 words) - 12:42, 11 July 2023
- ...4599X |year=2006 |publisher=Springer }}. These distinctions also appear in thermodynamics. See {{cite book |title=Classical Theory |author=Paul McEvoy |pages=p. 20529 KB (4,366 words) - 09:10, 26 March 2011
- ...n, and thus to delay (for their lifetime) the dictate of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that organized systems ultimately degrade to a state of rando23 KB (3,431 words) - 23:45, 25 October 2013
- ...is the concept of '[[temperature]]' which has a different definition in [[thermodynamics]] than in [[statistical mechanics]]: the two definitions can be related, bu28 KB (4,191 words) - 12:12, 23 August 2013
- |The three [[Laws of Thermodynamics]] can be expressed in many different ways<ref>these examples are given as o ...tate and ends in another will go in a direction that causes the [[entropy (thermodynamics)|entropy]] of the system plus the environment to increase for an irreversib64 KB (9,985 words) - 12:27, 24 March 2022
- ===The thermodynamics of 'living'=== ...t]<ref name=lambert5>[http://secondlaw.oxy.edu/five.html The Second Law of Thermodynamics]</ref>194 KB (28,649 words) - 05:43, 6 March 2024
- ...persion terminology|box]] and Gaussian dispersion model which incorporates thermodynamics, chemistry, heat transfer, aerosol loading, and [[Air pollution dispersion35 KB (5,287 words) - 21:27, 15 December 2013
- ...d hence concepts such as [[data compression|compression]] and [[Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory|entropy]].30 KB (4,289 words) - 16:03, 20 January 2023
- The three [[Laws of Thermodynamics]] can be expressed in many different ways<ref>these examples are given as o ...y may include statements of general scientific laws, such as the [[Laws of Thermodynamics]], it has a logical structure and includes axioms and defined concepts, and60 KB (9,261 words) - 15:41, 23 September 2013
- ...Physical polymer chemistry]]''' are [[Statistical physics]], [[Statistical thermodynamics]], [[Graph theory]], [[Group Theory]], [[Monte Carlo simulations]], [[Scali36 KB (5,455 words) - 11:49, 6 September 2013
- ...Physical polymer chemistry]]''' are [[Statistical physics]], [[Statistical thermodynamics]], [[Graph theory]], [[Group Theory]], [[Monte Carlo simulations]], [[Scali36 KB (5,455 words) - 08:57, 12 September 2013
- ...ibrium. If the environment were at equilibrium, then, by the Second Law of Thermodynamics, no net chemical transformation would be possible. Thus we assume that life42 KB (6,267 words) - 20:40, 8 June 2010
- A second is the development of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, a predictive mathematical theory for describing the behavior of systems th ...erhoff and Palsson describe advances in the development of non-equilibrium thermodynamics as presaging molecular and cellular systems biology through ‘quantitative94 KB (13,588 words) - 18:21, 24 November 2013
- ...fessor Emeritus of Engineering, University of Denver (2003). Mechanics and Thermodynamics</ref>51 KB (8,075 words) - 05:28, 17 October 2013
- ...eb.mit.edu/16.unified/www/SPRING/propulsion/notes/node139.html 16.Unified: Thermodynamics and Propulsion, Prof. Z. S. Spakovszky]. Scroll down to "Performance of Tu63 KB (9,748 words) - 13:17, 2 February 2023
- ...| author = Chalikian T ''et al.''| title = A more unified picture for the thermodynamics of nucleic acid duplex melting: a characterization by calorimetric and volu66 KB (9,714 words) - 18:35, 12 April 2018
- ...Leiden University, and in 1910 won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries in thermodynamics.57 KB (8,732 words) - 11:26, 7 March 2024
- ...| author = Chalikian T ''et al.''| title = A more unified picture for the thermodynamics of nucleic acid duplex melting: a characterization by calorimetric and volu82 KB (12,291 words) - 08:45, 25 October 2013
- ...plays a dominant role in biology, leading to studies of self-organization, thermodynamics of living systems, autopoiesis, information flow in living systems, etc.111 KB (18,395 words) - 05:14, 7 March 2024