Europe/Addendum: Difference between revisions
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==The states of Europe== | ==The states of Europe== | ||
This list doesn't include the following ''[[de facto]]'' independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: [[Abkhazia]], [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], [[Northern Cyprus]], [[South Ossetia]] and [[Transnistria]]. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!state | |<center>1</center> | ||
|<center>2</center> | |||
|<center>3</center> | |||
|<center>4</center> | |||
|<center>5</center> | |||
|<center>6</center> | |||
|<center>7</center> | |||
|<center>8</center> | |||
|<center>9</center> | |||
|<center>10</center> | |||
|<center>11</center> | |||
|<center>12</center> | |||
|<center>13</center> | |||
|<center>14</center> | |||
|- | |||
!state<br><br> | |||
''(CIA & EIU links)'' | |||
!capital | !capital | ||
!official<br>state<br>language | !official<br>state<br>language | ||
!area<br>(km²) | !area<br>(km²) | ||
!population<br>( | !population<br>(2010)<ref>Estimation in 2010 according to [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ ''The World Factbook'' (CIA)]</ref> | ||
![[European Union|European<br>Union]]<br>member | ![[European Union|European<br>Union]]/<br>etc<br>member | ||
![[ | ![[eurozone]]<br>member | ||
![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member | ![[Council of Europe|Council<br>of<br>Europe]]<br>member | ||
![[NATO]]<br>member | ![[NATO]]<br>member | ||
![[GDP]]/head<br>2009<br> $ <br><ref>At purchasing power parity rates[http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=GDP%20per%20capita&language=EN&format=html]</ref> | ![[GDP]]/head<br>2009<br> $ <br><ref>At purchasing power parity rates[http://search.worldbank.org/data?qterm=GDP%20per%20capita&language=EN&format=html]</ref> | ||
! | !exports<br> % GDP<br>2009<br><ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS ''Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)'', World Bank, 2010]</ref> | ||
! | !public<br>debt<br>% GDP<br>2009 | ||
! | !unemploy-<br>ment %<br>2009 | ||
! IMF<br>category<br><ref>A = advanced, E = developing and emerging</ref> | ![[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]<br>category<br><ref>A = advanced, E = developing and emerging</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Albania]]''' | |'''[[Albania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/al.html] | ||
|[[Tirana]] | |[[Tirana]] | ||
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]] | |[[Albanian language|Albanian]] | ||
| | |<center>28,748</center> | ||
| | |<center>2,986,952</center> | ||
|application<br>submitted | |application<br>submitted | ||
| | | | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 8,373 | | 8,373 | ||
| 29 | | 29 | ||
| 58 | | 58 | ||
| 12.8 | | 12.8 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/alb/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Andorra]]''' | |'''[[Andorra]]''' | ||
|[[Andorra la Vella]] | |[[Andorra la Vella]] | ||
|[[Catalan language|Catalan]] | |[[Catalan language|Catalan]] | ||
|<center>468</center> | |||
|<center>84,525</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 50: | Line 67: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Armenia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Armenia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/am.html]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Yerevan]] | |[[Yerevan]] | ||
|[[Armenian language|Armenian]] | |[[Armenian language|Armenian]] | ||
|<center>29,743</center> | |||
|<center>2,966,802</center> | |||
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA">Has a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU</ref></center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| 12 | | 12 | ||
| 7.1 | | 7.1 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/arm/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Austria]]''' | |'''[[Austria]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/au.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Austria/] | ||
|[[Vienna]] | |[[Vienna]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |<center>83,871</center> | ||
| | |<center>8,214,160</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S">Schengen agreement member</ref></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 38,363 | | 38,363 | ||
| Line 78: | Line 95: | ||
| 66 | | 66 | ||
| 4.8 | | 4.8 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/aut/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Azerbaijan]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Azerbaijan]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Azerbaijan/]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Baku]] | |[[Baku]] | ||
|[[Azeri language|Azeri]] | |[[Azeri language|Azeri]] | ||
|<center>86,600</center> | |||
|<center>8,303,512</center> | |||
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 9,638 | | 9,638 | ||
| Line 93: | Line 110: | ||
| | | | ||
| 6.0 | | 6.0 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/aze/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Belarus]]''' | |'''[[Belarus]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html][http://www.economist.com/topics/belarus] | ||
|[[Minsk]] | |[[Minsk]] | ||
|[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]] | |[[Belarussian language|Belarussian]] | ||
| | |<center>207,600</center> | ||
| | |<center>9,612,632</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 108: | Line 125: | ||
| | | | ||
| 1.0 | | 1.0 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/blr/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Belgium]]''' | |'''[[Belgium]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Belgium/] | ||
|[[Brussels]] | |[[Brussels]] | ||
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]] | |[[Dutch language|Dutch]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |<center>30,528</center> | ||
| | |<center>10,423,493</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 36,249 | | 36,249 | ||
| 73 | | 73 | ||
| 101 | | 101 | ||
| 7.9 | | 7.9 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/bel/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]''' | |'''[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html][http://www.economist.com/topics/bosnia-and-herzegovina] | ||
|[[Sarajevo]] | |[[Sarajevo]] | ||
|[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]],<br>[[Croatian language|Croatian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
| | |<center>51,197</center> | ||
| | |<center>4,621,598</center> | ||
|potential<br>candidate | |potential<br>candidate | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | | € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 8,491 | | 8,491 | ||
| Line 138: | Line 155: | ||
| 44 | | 44 | ||
| 40 | | 40 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/BIH/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Bulgaria]]''' | |'''[[Bulgaria]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Bulgaria/] | ||
|[[Sofia]] | |[[Sofia]] | ||
|[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] | |[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] | ||
| | |<center>110,879</center> | ||
| | |<center>7,148,78</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU</center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | | € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 13,332 | | 13,332 | ||
| 48 | | 48 | ||
| 15 | | 15 | ||
| 9.1 | | 9.1 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/bgr/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Croatia]]''' | |'''[[Croatia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Croatia/] | ||
|[[Zagreb]] | |[[Zagreb]] | ||
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]] | |[[Croatian language|Croatian]] | ||
|<center>56,594</center> | |||
|<center>4,486,881</center> | |||
|EU | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 19,805 | | 19,805 | ||
| 36 | | 36 | ||
| 46 | | 46 | ||
| 16 | | 16 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/hrv/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Cyprus]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Cyprus]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cy.html]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Nicosia]] | |[[Nicosia]] | ||
|[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | |[[Greek language|Greek]],<br>[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | ||
| | |<center>9,251</center> | ||
| | |<center>1,102,677</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 183: | Line 200: | ||
| 52 | | 52 | ||
| 5.3 | | 5.3 | ||
| | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/cyp/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Czechia]]''' | |'''[[Czechia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/CzechRepublic/] | ||
|[[Prague]] | |[[Prague]] | ||
|[[Czech language|Czech]] | |[[Czech language|Czech]] | ||
|<center>78,867</center> | |||
|<center>10,201,707</center> | |||
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 25,232 | | 25,232 | ||
| 70 | | 70 | ||
| 34 | | 34 | ||
| 8.1 | | 8.1 | ||
| A | | A;[http://www.imf.org/external/country/cze/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Denmark]]''' | |'''[[Denmark]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Denmark/] | ||
|[[Copenhagen]] | |[[Copenhagen]] | ||
|[[Danish language|Danish]] | |[[Danish language|Danish]] | ||
| | |<center>43,094</center> | ||
| | |<center>5,515,575</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | | € peg<ref name="peg"> Non-member with currency pegged to the euro</ref> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 36,762 | | 36,762 | ||
| 48 | | 48 | ||
| 42 | | 42 | ||
| 4.3 | | 4.3 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/dnk/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Estonia]]''' | |'''[[Estonia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Estonia/] | ||
|[[Tallinn]] | |[[Tallinn]] | ||
|[[Estonian language|Estonian]] | |[[Estonian language|Estonian]] | ||
| | |<center>45,228</center> | ||
|<center>1,291,170</center> | |||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 19,451 | | 19,451 | ||
| 71 | | 71 | ||
| 7 | | 7 | ||
| 13.8 | | 13.8 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/est/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Finland]]''' | |'''[[Finland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fi.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Finland/] | ||
|[[Helsinki]] | |[[Helsinki]] | ||
|[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | |[[Finnish language|Finnish]],<br>[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | ||
| | |<center>338,145</center> | ||
| | |<center>5,255,068</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 34,720 | | 34,720 | ||
| Line 243: | Line 260: | ||
| 40 | | 40 | ||
| 8.2 | | 8.2 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/fin/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[France]]''' | |'''[[France]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/France/] | ||
|[[Paris]] | |[[Paris]] | ||
|[[French language|French]] | |[[French language|French]] | ||
| | |<center>551,500<ref name=withoutov>Without overseas regions.</ref> | ||
| | <br></center> | ||
|<center> | <center>643,427<ref name=withov>With overseas regions.</ref></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>62,814,233<ref name=withoutov>Without overseas regions.</ref> | ||
|<center> | <br></center> | ||
|<center> | <center>64,768,389<ref name=withov>With overseas regions.</ref></center> | ||
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | |||
|<center>€</center> | |||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
| 33,655 | | 33,655 | ||
| 23 | | 23 | ||
| 78 | | 78 | ||
| 9.1 | | 9.1 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/fra/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gg.html]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Tbilisi]] | |[[Tbilisi]] | ||
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | |[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | ||
|<center>69,700</center> | |||
|<center>4,600,825</center> | |||
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 4,774 | | 4,774 | ||
| Line 273: | Line 294: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/geo/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Germany]]''' | |'''[[Germany]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Germany/] | ||
|[[Berlin]] | |[[Berlin]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
| | |<center>357,022</center> | ||
| | |<center>82,282,988</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 36,267 | | 36,267 | ||
| 41 | | 41 | ||
| 73 | | 73 | ||
| 7.5 | | 7.5 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/deu/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Greece]]''' | |'''[[Greece]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Greece/] | ||
|[[Athens]] | |[[Athens]] | ||
|[[Greek language|Greek]] | |[[Greek language|Greek]] | ||
| | |<center>131,957</center> | ||
| | |<center>10,749,943</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 29,663 | | 29,663 | ||
| 19 | | 19 | ||
| 113 | | 113 | ||
| 9.4 | | 9.4 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/grc/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Hungary]]''' | |'''[[Hungary]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Hungary/] | ||
|[[Budapest]] | |[[Budapest]] | ||
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] | |[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] | ||
| | |<center>93,028</center> | ||
| | |<center>9,992,339</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"/> | | € peg<ref name="peg"/> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 19,764 | | 19,764 | ||
| | | | ||
| 78 | | 78 | ||
| 10 | | 10 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/hun/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Iceland]]''' | |'''[[Iceland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17732935?story_id=17732935] | ||
|[[Reykjavík]] | |[[Reykjavík]] | ||
|[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | |[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] | ||
|<center>103,000</center> | |||
|<center>308,910</center> | |||
|candidate<br>EEA<ref name="EEA">Member of the [[European Economic Area]]</ref><br><center>S<ref name="S"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | ||<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 37,595 | | 37,595 | ||
| 53 | | 53 | ||
| 114 | | 114 | ||
| 8.0 | | 8.0 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/isl/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Ireland] | |'''Ireland'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Ireland/] | ||
|[[Dublin]] | |[[Dublin]] | ||
|[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]] | |[[Irish language|Irish]],<br>[[English language|English]] | ||
| | |<center>70,273</center> | ||
| | |<center>4,622,917</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 41,278 | | 41,278 | ||
| Line 348: | Line 369: | ||
| 65 | | 65 | ||
| 11.8 | | 11.8 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/irl/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Italy]]''' | |'''[[Italy]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Italy/] | ||
|[[Rome]] | |[[Rome]] | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]] | ||
| | |<center>301,340</center> | ||
| | |<center>58,090,681</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 31,909 | | 31,909 | ||
| 24 | | 24 | ||
| 116 | | 116 | ||
| 7.8 | | 7.8 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ita/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Kazakhstan]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Kazakhstan]]'''<br>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Kazakhstan/]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia) | |[[Astana]]<br>(in Asia) | ||
|[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] | |[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] | ||
| | |<center>2,724,900</center> | ||
| | |<center>15,460,484</center> | ||
| | |<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 378: | Line 399: | ||
| 14 | | 14 | ||
| 6.3 | | 6.3 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/kaz/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Kosovo]]''' | |'''[[Kosovo]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kv.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17733187?story_id=17733187] | ||
|[[Priština]] | |[[Priština]] | ||
|[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Albanian language|Albanian]],<br>[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
|<center>10,887</center> | |||
|<center>1,815,048</center> | |||
|potential<br>candidate | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 393: | Line 414: | ||
| | | | ||
| 16.6 | | 16.6 | ||
| | | [http://www.imf.org/external/country/uvk/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Latvia]]''' | |'''[[Latvia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lg.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Latvia/] | ||
|[[Riga]] | |[[Riga]] | ||
|[[Latvian language|Latvian]] | |[[Latvian language|Latvian]] | ||
| | |<center>64,589</center> | ||
| | |<center>2,217,969</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"/> | | € peg<ref name="peg"/> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 15,413 | | 15,413 | ||
| 42 | | 42 | ||
| 37 | | 37 | ||
| 17 | | 17 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/lva/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Liechtenstein]]''' | |'''[[Liechtenstein]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ls.html] | ||
|[[Vaduz]] | |[[Vaduz]] | ||
|[[German language|German]] | |[[German language|German]] | ||
|<center>160</center> | |||
|<center>35,002</center> | |||
| EEA<ref name="EEA"/> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Lithuania]]''' | |'''[[Lithuania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Lithuania/] | ||
|[[Vilnius]] | |[[Vilnius]] | ||
|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | |[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | ||
| | |<center>65,300</center> | ||
| | |<center>3,545,319</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"/> | | € peg<ref name="peg"/> | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
|<center> | |||
| 16,747 | | 16,747 | ||
| | | | ||
| 30 | | 30 | ||
| 14 | | 14 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ltu/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Luxembourg]]''' | |'''[[Luxembourg]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lu.html] | ||
|[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] | |[[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] | ||
|[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]] | |[[German language|German]]/<br>[[Luxembourgish]],<br>[[French language|French]] | ||
| | |<center>2,586</center> | ||
| | |<center>497,538</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| | | <ref>The published GDP/head figure for Luxembourg is misleading because much of its output if produced by foreign commutors</ref> | ||
| 169 | | 169 | ||
| | | | ||
| 5.7 | | 5.7 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/lux/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Republic of Macedonia]]'''<br>(FYROM) | |'''[[Republic of Macedonia]]'''<br>(FYROM)[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mk.html] | ||
|[[Skopje]] | |[[Skopje]] | ||
|[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] | |[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] | ||
| | |<center>25,713</center> | ||
| | |<center>2,072,086</center> | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| | | | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 10,823 | | 10,823 | ||
| Line 467: | Line 488: | ||
| | | | ||
| 32 | | 32 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mkd/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Malta]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Malta]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Valletta]] | |[[Valletta]] | ||
|[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]] | |[[Maltese language|Maltese]],<br>[[English language|English]] | ||
| | |<center>316</center> | ||
| | |<center>406,771</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 482: | Line 503: | ||
| 69 | | 69 | ||
| 7.0 | | 7.0 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mlt/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Moldova]]''' | |'''[[Moldova]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html] | ||
|[[Chișinău]] | |[[Chișinău]] | ||
|[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]] | |[[Romanian language|Romanian<br>(“Moldovan”)]] | ||
|<center>33,851</center> | |||
|<center>4,317,483</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 2,854 | | 2,854 | ||
| Line 497: | Line 518: | ||
| | | | ||
| 3.1 | | 3.1 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/mda/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Monaco]]''' | |'''[[Monaco]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html] | ||
|(city-sate) | |(city-sate) | ||
|[[French language|French]] | |[[French language|French]] | ||
|<center>2</center> | |||
|<center>30,586</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 514: | Line 535: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Montenegro]]''' | |'''[[Montenegro]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mj.html][http://www.economist.com/node/17733199?story_id=17733199] | ||
|[[Podgorica]] | |[[Podgorica]] | ||
|[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]] | |[[Serbian language|Serbian<br>(“Montenegrin”)]] | ||
|<center>13,812</center> | |||
|<center>666,730</center> | |||
|candidate | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 13,292 | | 13,292 | ||
| Line 527: | Line 548: | ||
| 38 | | 38 | ||
| 15 | | 15 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/MNE/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Netherlands]]''' | |'''[[Netherlands]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Netherlands/] | ||
|[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]] | |[[The Hague]],<br>[[Amsterdam]] | ||
|[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | |[[Dutch language|Dutch]] | ||
| | |<center>41,543</center> | ||
| | |<center>16,783,092</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 40,715 | | 40,715 | ||
| 69 | | 69 | ||
| 61 | | 61 | ||
| 4.5 | | 4.5 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/nld/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Norway]]''' | |'''[[Norway]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Norway/] | ||
|[[Oslo]] | |[[Oslo]] | ||
|[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] | |[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] | ||
|<center>323,802</center> | |||
|<center>4,676,305</center> | |||
| EEA<ref name="EEA"/><br><center>S<ref name="S"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 55,672 | | 55,672 | ||
| 42 | | 42 | ||
| 50 | | 50 | ||
| 3.2 | | 3.2 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/nor/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Poland]]''' | |'''[[Poland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pl.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Poland/] | ||
|[[Warsaw]] | |[[Warsaw]] | ||
|[[Polish language|Polish]] | |[[Polish language|Polish]] | ||
| | |<center>312,685</center> | ||
| | |<center>38,463,689</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
| € peg<ref name="peg"/> | | € peg<ref name="peg"/> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 19,059 | | 19,059 | ||
| 39 | | 39 | ||
| 46 | | 46 | ||
| 11 | | 11 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/pol/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Portugal]]''' | |'''[[Portugal]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Portugal/] | ||
|[[Lisbon]] | |[[Lisbon]] | ||
|[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | |[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] | ||
| | |<center>92,090</center> | ||
| | |<center>10,735,765</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 24,569 | | 24,569 | ||
| 28 | | 28 | ||
| 77 | | 77 | ||
| 9.5 | | 9.5 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/prt/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Romania]]''' | |'''[[Romania]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Romania/] | ||
|[[Bucharest]] | |[[Bucharest]] | ||
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]] | |[[Romanian language|Romanian]] | ||
|<center>238,391</center> | |||
|<center>21,959,278</center> | |||
|<center>EU</center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 14,199 | | 14,199 | ||
| 33 | | 33 | ||
| 24 | | 24 | ||
| 7.8 | | 7.8 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/rou/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Russia]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Russia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Russia/]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Moscow]] | |[[Moscow]] | ||
|[[Russian language|Russian]] | |[[Russian language|Russian]] | ||
|<center>17,098,242</center> | |||
|<center>139,390,205</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 18,962 | | 18,962 | ||
| Line 617: | Line 638: | ||
| | | | ||
| 8.4 | | 8.4 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/rus/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[San Marino]]''' | |'''[[San Marino]]''' | ||
|[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]] | |[[City of San Marino|City of<br>San Marino]] | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]] | ||
|<center>61</center> | |||
|<center>31,477</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 634: | Line 655: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Serbia]]''' | |'''[[Serbia]]'''[http://www.economist.com/countries/Serbia/] | ||
|[[Belgrade]] | |[[Belgrade]] | ||
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | |[[Serbian language|Serbian]] | ||
| | |<center>77,474</center> | ||
| | |<center>7,344,847<ref>Without Kosovo.</ref></center> | ||
|application<br>submitted | |application<br>submitted | ||
| | | | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 11,719 | | 11,719 | ||
| Line 647: | Line 668: | ||
| 31 | | 31 | ||
| 17 | | 17 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Slovakia]]''' | |'''[[Slovakia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lo.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Slovakia/] | ||
|[[Bratislava]] | |[[Bratislava]] | ||
|[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]] | |[[Slovakian language|Slovakian]] | ||
| | |<center>49,035</center> | ||
| | |<center>5,470,306</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 22,356 | | 22,356 | ||
| 99 | | 99 | ||
| 36 | | 36 | ||
| 11 | | 11 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Slovenia]]''' | |'''[[Slovenia]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/si.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Slovenia/] | ||
|[[Ljubljana]] | |[[Ljubljana]] | ||
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] | |[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] | ||
| | |<center>20,273</center> | ||
| | |<center>2,003,136</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 27,004 | | 27,004 | ||
| 59 | | 59 | ||
| 31 | | 31 | ||
| 9.2 | | 9.2 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/SRB/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Spain]]''' | |'''[[Spain]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Spain/] | ||
|[[Madrid]] | |[[Madrid]] | ||
|[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | |[[Spanish language|Spanish]] | ||
| | |<center>505,370</center> | ||
| | |<center>46,505,963</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>€</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 32,545 | | 32,545 | ||
| 23 | | 23 | ||
| 53 | | 53 | ||
| 18 | | 18 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/esp/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Sweden]]''' | |'''[[Sweden]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sw.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Sweden/] | ||
|[[Stockholm]] | |[[Stockholm]] | ||
|[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | |[[Swedish language|Swedish]] | ||
|<center>450,295</center> | |||
|<center>9,074,055</center> | |||
|<center>EU S<ref name="S"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 37,905 | | 37,905 | ||
| Line 707: | Line 728: | ||
| 42 | | 42 | ||
| 8.3 | | 8.3 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/swe/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Switzerland]]''' | |'''[[Switzerland]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sz.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Switzerland/] | ||
|[[Bern]] | |[[Bern]] | ||
|[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] | |[[German language|German]],<br>[[French language|French]],<br>[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Romansh language|Romansh]] | ||
| | |<center>41,277</center> | ||
| | |<center>7,623,438</center> | ||
| | | EFTA<ref>Member of the [[European Free Trade Association]] (with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)</ref> | ||
| | |<center>S<ref name="S"/></center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
| | | | ||
| 45,117 | | 45,117 | ||
| Line 722: | Line 743: | ||
| 41 | | 41 | ||
| 3.7 | | 3.7 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/che/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Turkey]]'''<br>(edge of Europe) | |'''[[Turkey]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Turkey/]<br>(edge of Europe) | ||
|[[Ankara]] | |[[Ankara]] | ||
|[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | |[[Turkish language|Turkish]] | ||
| | |<center>783,562</center> | ||
| | |<center>77,804,122</center> | ||
|candidate | |candidate | ||
| | | | ||
|<center> | |<center>CoE</center> | ||
|<center> | |<center>NATO</center> | ||
| 13,885 | | 13,885 | ||
| 23 | | 23 | ||
| 46 | | 46 | ||
| 14 | | 14 | ||
| E | | E[http://www.imf.org/external/country/tur/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Ukraine]]''' | |'''[[Ukraine]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html][http://www.economist.com/countries/Ukraine/index.cfm] | ||
|[[ | |[[Kiev]] | ||
|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] | |[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] | ||
|<center>603,550</center> | |||
|<center>45,415,596</center> | |||
|<center>PCA<ref name="PCA"/></center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| | | | ||
| 6,317 | | 6,317 | ||
| Line 752: | Line 773: | ||
| | | | ||
| 8.8 | | 8.8 | ||
| A | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ukr/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[United Kingdom]]''' | |'''[[United Kingdom]]'''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html] | ||
|[[London]] | |[[London, United Kingdom|London]] | ||
|[[English language|English]] | |[[English language|English]] | ||
|<center>243,610</center> | |||
|<center>62,348,447</center> | |||
|<center>EU</center> | |||
| | | | ||
|<center>CoE</center> | |||
|<center>NATO</center> | |||
|<center> | |||
|<center> | |||
| 36,496 | | 36,496 | ||
| 28 | | 28 | ||
| 68 | | 68 | ||
| 7.5 | | 7.5 | ||
| | | A[http://www.imf.org/external/country/ukr/index.htm] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Vatican City]]''' | |'''[[Vatican City]]''' | ||
|(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome) | |(city-state,<br>inside<br>Rome) | ||
|[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]] | |[[Italian language|Italian]],<br>[[Latin language|Latin]] | ||
|<center>0.44</center> | |||
|<center>829</center> | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 785: | Line 806: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==The languages of Europe== | ==The languages of Europe== | ||
The following list presents the current, | The following list presents the current, autochthonous languages of Europe, classified by language families and listed according to scientific surveys<ref>See, for example: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) ''Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa'', coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.</ref> (even if some authorities may differ on some points from the tabulation here). Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not listed here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south. | ||
===[[Basque language]]=== | ===[[Basque language]]=== | ||
| Line 1,220: | Line 1,239: | ||
|Turkey | |Turkey | ||
| | | | ||
|endangered | |(endangered in Turkey) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] | |[[Aramaic language|Aramaic]] | ||
| Line 1,453: | Line 1,472: | ||
|[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | |[[Georgian language|Georgian]] | ||
|Georgia | |Georgia | ||
|Georgia | |Georgia | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Latest revision as of 06:31, 20 April 2024
The states of Europe
This list doesn't include the following de facto independent territories, with no or very little international recognition: Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Northern Cyprus, South Ossetia and Transnistria.
| state (CIA & EIU links) |
capital | official state language |
area (km²) |
population (2010)[1] |
European Union/ etc member |
eurozone member |
Council of Europe member |
NATO member |
GDP/head 2009 $ [2] |
exports % GDP 2009 [3] |
public debt % GDP 2009 |
unemploy- ment % 2009 |
IMF category [4] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania[2] | Tirana | Albanian | application submitted |
8,373 | 29 | 58 | 12.8 | E[3] | |||||
| Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Catalan | 7.0 | ||||||||||
| Armenia[4] (edge of Europe) |
Yerevan | Armenian | 12 | 7.1 | E[5] | ||||||||
| Austria[6][7] | Vienna | German | 38,363 | 66 | 4.8 | A[8] | |||||||
| Azerbaijan [9][10] (edge of Europe) |
Baku | Azeri | 9,638 | 51 | 6.0 | E[11] | |||||||
| Belarus[12][13] | Minsk | Belarussian | 13,039 | 51 | 1.0 | E[14] | |||||||
| Belgium[15][16] | Brussels | Dutch, French, German |
36,249 | 73 | 101 | 7.9 | A[17] | ||||||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina [18][19] |
Sarajevo | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
potential candidate |
€ peg[7] | 8,491 | 33 | 44 | 40 | E[20] | ||||
| Bulgaria[21][22] | Sofia | Bulgarian | € peg[7] | 13,332 | 48 | 15 | 9.1 | E[23] | |||||
| Croatia[24][25] | Zagreb | Croatian | EU | 19,805 | 36 | 46 | 16 | E[26] | |||||
| Cyprus[27] (edge of Europe) |
Nicosia | Greek, Turkish |
52 | 5.3 | A[28] | ||||||||
| Czechia[29][30] | Prague | Czech | 25,232 | 70 | 34 | 8.1 | A;[31] | ||||||
| Denmark[32][33] | Copenhagen | Danish | € peg[7] | 36,762 | 48 | 42 | 4.3 | A[34] | |||||
| Estonia[35][36] | Tallinn | Estonian | 19,451 | 71 | 7 | 13.8 | E[37] | ||||||
| Finland[38][39] | Helsinki | Finnish, Swedish |
34,720 | 37 | 40 | 8.2 | A[40] | ||||||
| France[41][42] | Paris | French | 33,655 | 23 | 78 | 9.1 | A[43] | ||||||
| Georgia[44] (edge of Europe) |
Tbilisi | Georgian | 4,774 | 30 | E[45] | ||||||||
| Germany[46][47] | Berlin | German | 36,267 | 41 | 73 | 7.5 | A[48] | ||||||
| Greece[49][50] | Athens | Greek | 29,663 | 19 | 113 | 9.4 | A[51] | ||||||
| Hungary[52][53] | Budapest | Hungarian | € peg[7] | 19,764 | 78 | 10 | E[54] | ||||||
| Iceland[55][56] | Reykjavík | Icelandic | candidate EEA[10] |
37,595 | 53 | 114 | 8.0 | A[57] | |||||
| Ireland[58][59] | Dublin | Irish, English |
41,278 | 89 | 65 | 11.8 | A[60] | ||||||
| Italy[61][62] | Rome | Italian | 31,909 | 24 | 116 | 7.8 | A[63] | ||||||
| Kazakhstan [64][65] (edge of Europe) |
Astana (in Asia) |
Kazakh | 11,509 | 52 | 14 | 6.3 | E[66] | ||||||
| Kosovo[67][68] | Priština | Albanian, Serbian |
potential candidate |
41 | 16.6 | [69] | |||||||
| Latvia[70][71] | Riga | Latvian | € peg[7] | 15,413 | 42 | 37 | 17 | E[72] | |||||
| Liechtenstein[73] | Vaduz | German | EEA[10] | ||||||||||
| Lithuania[74][75] | Vilnius | Lithuanian | € peg[7] | 16,747 | 30 | 14 | E[76] | ||||||
| Luxembourg[77] | Luxembourg | German/ Luxembourgish, French |
[11] | 169 | 5.7 | A[78] | |||||||
| Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)[79] |
Skopje | Macedonian | candidate | 10,823 | 44 | 32 | E[80] | ||||||
| Malta[81] (edge of Europe) |
Valletta | Maltese, English |
69 | 7.0 | A[82] | ||||||||
| Moldova[83] | Chișinău | Romanian (“Moldovan”) |
2,854 | 37 | 3.1 | E[84] | |||||||
| Monaco[85] | (city-sate) | French | |||||||||||
| Montenegro[86][87] | Podgorica | Serbian (“Montenegrin”) |
candidate | 13,292 | 33 | 38 | 15 | E[88] | |||||
| Netherlands[89][90] | The Hague, Amsterdam |
Dutch | 40,715 | 69 | 61 | 4.5 | A[91] | ||||||
| Norway[92][93] | Oslo | Norwegian | EEA[10] |
55,672 | 42 | 50 | 3.2 | A[94] | |||||
| Poland[95][96] | Warsaw | Polish | € peg[7] | 19,059 | 39 | 46 | 11 | E[97] | |||||
| Portugal[98][99] | Lisbon | Portuguese | 24,569 | 28 | 77 | 9.5 | A[100] | ||||||
| Romania[101][102] | Bucharest | Romanian | 14,199 | 33 | 24 | 7.8 | E[103] | ||||||
| Russia[104][105] (edge of Europe) |
Moscow | Russian | 18,962 | 28 | 8.4 | E[106] | |||||||
| San Marino | City of San Marino |
Italian | |||||||||||
| Serbia[107] | Belgrade | Serbian | application submitted |
11,719 | 27 | 31 | 17 | E[108] | |||||
| Slovakia[109][110] | Bratislava | Slovakian | 22,356 | 99 | 36 | 11 | A[111] | ||||||
| Slovenia[112][113] | Ljubljana | Slovenian | 27,004 | 59 | 31 | 9.2 | A[114] | ||||||
| Spain[115][116] | Madrid | Spanish | 32,545 | 23 | 53 | 18 | A[117] | ||||||
| Sweden[118][119] | Stockholm | Swedish | 37,905 | 42 | 42 | 8.3 | A[120] | ||||||
| Switzerland[121][122] | Bern | German, French, Italian, Romansh |
EFTA[13] | 45,117 | 52 | 41 | 3.7 | A[123] | |||||
| Turkey[124][125] (edge of Europe) |
Ankara | Turkish | candidate | 13,885 | 23 | 46 | 14 | E[126] | |||||
| Ukraine[127][128] | Kiev | Ukrainian | 6,317 | 46 | 8.8 | A[129] | |||||||
| United Kingdom[130] | London | English | 36,496 | 28 | 68 | 7.5 | A[131] | ||||||
| Vatican City | (city-state, inside Rome) |
Italian, Latin |
The languages of Europe
The following list presents the current, autochthonous languages of Europe, classified by language families and listed according to scientific surveys[14] (even if some authorities may differ on some points from the tabulation here). Various, recently claimed languages that are not widely—or not yet—recognised by the linguist community are not listed here. Each table matches with a lower range language family. Languages are presented in a geographic order, mainly from west to east and from north to south.
Basque language
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basque | Spain, France | Spain (R) | endangered |
Indo-European languages
Celtic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Irish | Ireland, United Kingdom | Ireland | endangered |
| Scottish Gaelic | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
| Manx | Isle of Man | endangered | |
| Welsh (Cymric) | United Kingdom | United Kingdom (R) | endangered |
| Cornish | United Kingdom | endangered | |
| Breton | France | endangered |
Germanic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icelandic | Iceland | Iceland | |
| Faroese | Faroe Islands | Faroe Islands (R) | |
| Norwegian | Norway | Norway | |
| Swedish | Sweden, Finland | Sweden, Finland | |
| Danish | Denmark, Sweden | Denmark | (endangered in Sweden) |
| English | United Kingdom | United Kingdom, Ireland | |
| Frisian | Netherlands, Germany | endangered | |
| Dutch (Netherlandic) | Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany | Netherlands, Belgium | |
| Low German (Low Saxon, Saxon) | Germany, Netherlands | endangered | |
| German (High German) | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy, France | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Italy (R) | (endangered in France) |
| Yiddish | scattered across Central Europe | endangered |
Romance languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Galician-Portuguese | Portugal, Spain | Portugal, Spain (R) | (endangered in Spain) |
| Asturian-Leonese | Spain, Portugal | Portugal (R) | endangered |
| Spanish (Castilian) | Spain | Spain | |
| Aragonese | Spain | endangered | |
| Catalan | Spain, France, Andorra, Italy | Andorra, Spain (R) | endangered |
| Occitan (Lenga d'Òc, Provençal) | France, Italy, Spain, Monaco | Spain (R) | endangered |
| Francoprovençal (Arpitan) | France, Switzerland, Italy | endangered | |
| French (Langue d'Oïl) | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Channel Islands | France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco | (endangered in the Channel Islands) |
| Romansh | Switzerland | Switzerland | endangered |
| Ladin | Italy | endangered | |
| Friulian | Italy | endangered | |
| Northern Italian (Padanian) | Italy, Switzerland, Monaco, San Marino, Slovenia, Croatia | endangered | |
| Italian | Italy | Italy, Switzerland, San Marino | |
| Corsican | France, Italy | endangered | |
| Sardinian | Italy | endangered | |
| Romanian | Romania, Moldova, Balkans | Romania, Moldova |
Baltic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latvian | Latvia | Latvia | |
| Lithuanian | Lithuania | Lithuania |
Slavic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sorbian (Lusatian) | Germany | Germany (R) | endangered |
| Kashubian | Poland | endangered | |
| Polish | Poland | Poland | |
| Czech | Czechia | Czechia | |
| Slovakian | Slovakia | Slovakia | |
| Belarussian | Belarus, Russia | Belarus | endangered |
| Ukrainian | Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia | Ukraine | |
| Russian | Russia | Russia, Belarus, Moldova (R) | |
| Slovenian | Slovenia, Italy, Austria | Slovenia | (endangered in Italy and Austria) |
| Croatian (Serbo-Croatian) | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Bosnian (Serbo-Croatian) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) (including Montenegrin) | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia | Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo | |
| Macedonian (Slavomacedonian) | Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Republic of Macedonia | (endangered in Greece) |
| Bulgarian | Bulgaria, Greece | Bulgaria | (endangered in Greece) |
Albanian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Greece | Albania, Kosovo | (endangered in Greece) |
Greek
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek (Hellenic) | Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Turkey | Greece, Albania | (endangered in Albania, Turkey and Northern Cyprus) |
Indo-Iranian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status)) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ossetic | Russia, South Ossetia | South Ossetia | endangered |
| Zaza | Turkey | endangered | |
| Kurdish | Turkey | endangered |
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romany (Romani, Gypsy, Gipsy) | scattered across Europe | endangered |
Armenian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Armenian | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkey | Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh | (endangered in Turkey) |
Afro-Asiatic languages
Semitic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maltese | Malta | Malta | |
| Arabic | Turkey | (endangered in Turkey) | |
| Aramaic | Turkey | endangered |
Uralic languages
Finno-Ugric languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sami (Lappish) | Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia | endangered | |
| Finnish (including Karelian) | Finland, Russia, Sweden | Finland | (endangered in Russia and Sweden) |
| Estonian | Estonia | Estonia | |
| Livonian | Latvia | endangered | |
| Veps | Russia | endangered | |
| Komi | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Udmurt | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Mari | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Erza | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Moksha | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Austria, Serbia | Hungary | (endangered in Slovakia, Romania, Austria and Serbia) |
Samoyedic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nenets | Russia | endangered |
Altaic languages
Turkic languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkish | Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria | Turkey, Cyprus | (endangered in Greece and Bulgaria) |
| Gagauz | Moldova, Ukraine | Moldova (R) | endangered |
| Chuvash | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Crimean Tatar | Ukraine | endangered | |
| Volga Tatar (Kazan Tatar) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Bashkort (Bashkir) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Kumyk | Russia | endangered | |
| Karachay-Balkar | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Nogay | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Azeri (Azerbaijani) | Azerbaijan, Iran | Azerbaijan |
Mongolian
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolian (including Kalmyk) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
North Caucasian languages
The unity of the North Caucasian family is debated among specialists.
Northwest Caucasian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz-Abaza | Abkhazia, Russia | Abkhazia | endangered |
| Circassian (Adyghe, Kabardian) | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
Northeast Caucasian languages
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chechen | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| Ingush | Russia | Russia (R) | endangered |
| many languages of Daghestan, including: Bats, Avar, Andi, Lak, Dargwa, Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Udi, Rutul, etc. | Russia, Azerbaijan | (R) (for some of them) | endangered |
Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian languages)
| language | approximate location |
official status in: (R = regional, official status) |
vitality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Georgian | Georgia | Georgia | |
| Svan | Georgia | endangered | |
| Mingrelian | Georgia | endangered | |
| Laz | Turkey, Georgia | endangered |
Footnotes
- ↑ Estimation in 2010 according to The World Factbook (CIA)
- ↑ At purchasing power parity rates[1]
- ↑ Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), World Bank, 2010
- ↑ A = advanced, E = developing and emerging
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Has a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 Schengen agreement member
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Non-member with currency pegged to the euro
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Without overseas regions.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 With overseas regions.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Member of the European Economic Area
- ↑ The published GDP/head figure for Luxembourg is misleading because much of its output if produced by foreign commutors
- ↑ Without Kosovo.
- ↑ Member of the European Free Trade Association (with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)
- ↑ See, for example: BADIA I CAPDEVILA Ignasi (2002) Diccionari de les llengües d’Europa, coll. Diccionaris temàtics, Barcelona: Enciclopèdia Catalana.