English spellings/Catalogs/I: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Ro Thorpe
No edit summary
imported>Ro Thorpe
No edit summary
 
(106 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{subpages}}
{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}}
{{:English_spellings/Catalogs/Masterlist}}


'''Î''' ''letter, me'' = '''eŷe''' ''sight'' = '''aŷe''' ''yes''
'''Î''' ''letter, me'' = '''eŷe''' ''sight'' = '''aŷe''' ''yes''


'''Ìan''' ''person'', cf. '''îron''', silent '''r''' (the cricketer '''[[Ian Botham|Ìan Bôtham]]'''—*Bôathəm—was referred to in some parts as 'Iron Bottom')
'''Ìan''' ''person'', cf. '''îron''', silent '''r''' (the cricketer '''[[Ian Botham|Ìan Bôtham]]'''—first syllable as '''bôth'''—was pronounced by some as "Îron Bóttom")
 
'''Ibìza''' *Í-bêetha; some say *Eŷe-Bêetha, a combination of anglicised long vowel and, with the -th- for '''zh''', hypercorrect Castilian [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (as opposed to [[Ibiza]]'s [[Catalan language|Catalan]] dialect)


'''îceberg''' one word  
'''îceberg''' one word  
Line 14: Line 15:
'''îcon
'''îcon


'''idêa''' *îdêə, cf. monosyllables '''pêa''', '''têa''', where the '''a''' is not sounded separately
'''Îdaho
 
'''idêa''' *îdêə, cf. monosyllables '''pêa''', '''têa''', where the '''a''' is not sounded separately, = names of the letters '''P''' and '''T'''
 
'''idêal'''


'''ídeogram
'''ídeogram


'''idêólogy''' - '''î''' or '''í
'''idêólogy''' - '''î''' or '''í
'''ídiom'''


'''idiosýncrasy
'''idiosýncrasy
'''ídiot'''


'''îdle''' ''lazy'' = '''îdol''' ''god'' = AmE '''îdyll''' ''idyllic
'''îdle''' ''lazy'' = '''îdol''' ''god'' = AmE '''îdyll''' ''idyllic
Line 27: Line 36:


'''ídyll''' BrE; AmE '''îdyll''' = '''îdle''' = '''îdol
'''ídyll''' BrE; AmE '''îdyll''' = '''îdle''' = '''îdol
'''î.ê.'''
'''ignîte'''
'''ignítion'''


'''ígnorance
'''ígnorance


'''ignŏre
'''ignŏre
'''IKÊA''' Î-


'''[[ileum|íleum]]''' ''intestine'' = '''[[ilium|ílium]]''' ''bone
'''[[ileum|íleum]]''' ''intestine'' = '''[[ilium|ílium]]''' ''bone
Line 56: Line 73:
'''immêdìately
'''immêdìately


'''imménse''' cf. '''eménd
'''imménse''', cf. '''eménd


'''ímmigrate''' cf. '''émigrate
'''ímmigrate''', cf. '''émigrate


'''ímpact''' ''noun, affect
'''ímpact''' ''noun, affect
Line 69: Line 86:


'''ímpásse''' can be pronounced, French-style, *ámpásse
'''ímpásse''' can be pronounced, French-style, *ámpásse
'''impássioned''' -shənd


'''impêach
'''impêach
Line 78: Line 97:
'''impéril
'''impéril


'''ímpetus
'''ímpetus''' makes a minimal pair with '''ímpotence'''
 
'''ímpìous''', cf. '''pîous'''
 
'''ímplement''' ''noun'', '''ímplemént''' ''verb''


'''impŏrtance''', '''impŏrtant
'''impŏrtance''', '''impŏrtant
'''impóster''', AmE also '''impóstor'''


'''ímpotence''', '''ímpotent
'''ímpotence''', '''ímpotent
Line 90: Line 115:
'''impréss''' ''verb
'''impréss''' ''verb


'''imprimàtur
'''imprimàtur''', '''imprímatur''', '''imprimâtur'''


'''improprîety
'''improprîety
Line 100: Line 125:
'''ímpudent''' -yû-
'''ímpudent''' -yû-


'''impûte''' ''ascribe'' cf. '''ínput''' ''put in'' *ímpùt
'''impûte''' ''ascribe'', cf. '''ínput''' ''put in'' *ímpùt


'''ín abséntia
'''ín abséntia
'''ináccuracy'''
'''ináccurate'''


'''inadvërtent
'''inadvërtent
Line 120: Line 149:
'''incidéntal
'''incidéntal


'''incidéntally
'''incidéntally''' *incidéntly


'''incîsor
'''incîsor
'''incîte''' ''provoke'' = '''in sîght''' ''looming'', cf '''ínsight''' ''discernment''
'''incógnito''', '''incognìto''', one word
'''íncòme''' or *ínkum


'''incrédible
'''incrédible


'''incúmbent''' cf. '''encúmber
'''incúmbent''', cf. '''encúmber''': [[minimal pair]] in [[R|non-rhotic]] pronunciations, like the standard [[British English]] of [[England]]


'''indepéndent''' cf. '''depéndent''' ''adjective'', '''depéndant''' ''noun
'''indepéndent''', cf. '''depéndent''' ''adjective'', '''depéndant''' ''noun
 
'''indepéndents''' = '''indepéndence'''


'''ín-dépth''' ''adjective
'''ín-dépth''' ''adjective
'''índex'''
'''índexes''' ''list'', cf. '''índices''' ''mathematics''


'''Índian''' - can be spelt without a capital when referring to American indians
'''Índian''' - can be spelt without a capital when referring to American indians
Line 136: Line 177:
'''Indiána
'''Indiána


'''índicês''', plural of '''índex
'''índicate'''
 
'''indícative'''
 
'''índicês''', alternative plural of '''índex


'''indîct''' *indîte, cf. '''éxtradîte
'''indîct''' *indîte, cf. '''éxtradîte


'''indígenous
'''indígenous
'''[[Indira Gandhi|Indìra Gándhi]]''' *Gándy


'''indispénsable
'''indispénsable
Line 149: Line 196:


'''inévitable
'''inévitable
'''ín fáct''' two words


'''infállible
'''infállible


'''ínfamous''' cf. '''fâmous
'''ínfamous''', cf. '''fâmous


'''infátuâtion
'''infatuâtion


'''inflámmatory''' -mm-
'''infërnal'''
 
'''infinitésimal'''
 
'''inflámmatory'''  


'''ínfluence
'''ínfluence
Line 168: Line 221:
'''ingénûous
'''ingénûous


'''Ingushétia''' *Ingushéttia: as yet too rare in English to have palatalised to -shêesha
'''ingrêdient
 
'''Ingushétia''' *Ingushéttia: too rare to have palatalised to -shêesha


'''inhérent''' or '''inhêrent
'''inhérent''' or '''inhêrent
Line 178: Line 233:
'''inítiative''' *iníshətíve
'''inítiative''' *iníshətíve


'''ínjure''' cf. '''endûre
'''ínjure''', cf. '''endûre


'''ínland''' adjective
'''ínland''' adjective


'''inlánd''' adverb
'''inlánd''' adverb
'''ínline''' ''text'', cf. '''ín líne wíth'''


'''ínn''' ''pub'' = '''ín''' ''preposition
'''ínn''' ''pub'' = '''ín''' ''preposition
'''innovâtion
'''ínnovative


'''innuéndo
'''innuéndo
Line 191: Line 252:


'''ínpùt''' ''put in'' *ímpùt, cf. '''impûte''' ''ascribe
'''ínpùt''' ''put in'' *ímpùt, cf. '''impûte''' ''ascribe
'''ínquest'''


'''inquîre''', '''inquîry''' or '''enquîre''', '''enquîry'''; AmE '''ínquiry''' = '''enquiry  
'''inquîre''', '''inquîry''' or '''enquîre''', '''enquîry'''; AmE '''ínquiry''' = '''enquiry  
Line 197: Line 260:


'''insâtiable
'''insâtiable
'''ínsight''' *ínsîte ''expertise'', cf. '''in sîght''' ''visible'' = '''incîte''' ''provoke''


'''insístent
'''insístent


'''ín sítu
'''ín sítu
'''insofàr ás
'''insómnia'''


'''insoûciance
'''insoûciance
Line 207: Line 276:


'''inståll''' (some AmE: '''instål''')
'''inståll''' (some AmE: '''instål''')
'''instålled


'''instålment''' BrE; AmE '''instållment
'''instålment''' BrE; AmE '''instållment


'''instéad''' one word
'''instéad''' one word
'''ínsúlt''' ''noun'', '''insúlt''' ''verb''


'''insůre''' ''insurance, verify'' = '''ensůre''' ''verify''; BrE *inshåw, AmE *inshûr [http://merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insure]
'''insůre''' ''insurance, verify'' = '''ensůre''' ''verify''; BrE *inshåw, AmE *inshûr [http://merriam-webster.com/dictionary/insure]


'''insürgent''' cf. '''sürge
'''insürgent''', cf. '''sürge


'''intáct''' one word, cf. '''ín fáct''' ([[minimal pair]])
'''intáct''' one word, cf. '''ín fáct''' ([[minimal pair]])
'''ínteger''' -j-


'''intégral
'''intégral
Line 223: Line 298:


'''intélligent
'''intélligent
'''inténtion''' ''intent'', rhyming with '''ténsion''' ''tense
'''intër''' ''bury'', cf. '''ínter'''- ''prefix


'''interáction
'''interáction
Line 233: Line 312:


'''interfêrence
'''interfêrence
'''intêrior'''


'''interlócutor
'''interlócutor


'''intërment''' ''burial'' cf. '''intërnment''' ''prison'' ([[minimal pair]])
'''intërment''' ''burial'', cf. '''intërnment''' ''prison'' ([[minimal pair]])


'''intërnal
'''intërnal
Line 249: Line 330:


'''intërpreter  
'''intërpreter  
'''interval
'''intervêne
'''intervéntion


'''ínterview
'''ínterview


'''intestînal''' or '''intéstinal  
'''intestînal''' or '''intéstinal  
'''intifàda'''


'''íntimate''' ''adjective'' -ət
'''íntimate''' ''adjective'' -ət
Line 258: Line 347:
'''íntimâte''' ''verb
'''íntimâte''' ''verb


'''ínto''' *íntû or *íntə: one word - but '''ón to''' is still two
'''ínto''' *íntû, weak form *íntə


'''íntricacy
'''íntricacy
'''íntricate


'''íntrìgue''' ''noun'' *íntrêeg
'''íntrìgue''' ''noun'' *íntrêeg
Line 268: Line 359:
'''introspéction
'''introspéction


'''ínundate
'''íntrovërt
 
'''ínundâte
 
'''Ínûít'''


'''ín vâin
'''ín vâin
Line 280: Line 375:
'''invént
'''invént


'''ínventory''' *ínvəntry, cf. '''ínfantry
'''ínventory''' ([[minimal pair]] in [[British English]]: *ínvəntry, '''ínfantry''')
 
'''Invernéss-shire''' (-'''shîre''', -shêer, -shə; hyphen to avoid "sss")


'''in-yer-fâce
'''in-yer-fâce


'''îón''' ''electron'' cf. '''îron''' ''metal'', *îən, silent '''r
'''îodìne''' BrE; AmE '''îodîne
 
'''îón''' ''electron'', cf. '''îron''' ''metal'', *îən, silent '''r


'''Iôna''' *Î-ôna
'''Iôna''' *Î-ôna


'''îPód ®''' showing a trend towards internal capitalisation also seen in '''EastÉnders
'''iôta''' *î-ôta
 
'''Îowa
 
'''îPód ®''' showing a trend towards internal capitalisation ("camel case") also seen in '''EastÉnders
 
'''Íqbal'''


'''Irān''' *Í-rān, cf. '''îron''' ''metal'', which has silent '''r
'''Irān''' *Í-rāhn (some AmE has the deprecated pronunciation '''Î rán'''), cf. '''îron''' ''metal'', which has silent '''r'''


'''Irânian''' or '''Irànian''': [[Hillary Clinton]] used both pronunciations in her speech after the 2009 Iranian election, but probably the former is more common in BrE, the latter in AmE
'''Irânian'''; some AmE: '''Irànian'''


'''Irāq''' *Í-rāk
'''Irāq''' *Í-rāhk (some AmE has the deprecated pronunciation '''Î ráck''')


'''Irāqi''' -kì
'''Irāqi''' -kì
Line 302: Line 407:
'''Îreland''' BrE *Îələnd, cf. '''îsland''' *îlənd
'''Îreland''' BrE *Îələnd, cf. '''îsland''' *îlənd


'''Irênê''' or silent final '''e
'''Irênê''' ''e.g. [[Irene Handl]]''  


'''Irêne''' ''e.g. [[Goodnight Irene]]'' silent final '''e
'''iridéscent''' *írridéssant
'''iridéscent''' *írridéssant


Line 311: Line 418:


'''îrony''' *îrənỳ
'''îrony''' *îrənỳ
'''Íroquois''' -kwoi or -kwà


'''irresístible
'''irresístible
Line 318: Line 427:
'''irrévocable
'''irrévocable


'''írrigate''' cf. '''erádicate
'''írrigate''', cf. '''erádicate


'''Îsaac''' *Îzək
'''Îsaac''' *Îzək


'''Ísabél''', -z-, like '''Márian''', has an '''o''' variant, '''Ísobél
'''Ísabél''', -z-, like '''Márian''', has an '''o''' variant, '''Ísobél
'''Isaîah''' *Î-zîə
'''Îsís'''


'''îsland''' *îlənd, cf. '''Îreland
'''îsland''' *îlənd, cf. '''Îreland


'''Íslám''' Íz-
'''Íslám''' Íz- is probably the least affected pronunciation, though some say Íss- and/or -'''àm''', and/or stress the second syllable


'''Islámic
'''Islámic
Line 335: Line 448:


'''Îsle of Wîght''' *Île of Wîte  
'''Îsle of Wîght''' *Île of Wîte  
'''Îsley''' ''Brothers'' Îz-


'''Íslington''' Íz-
'''Íslington''' Íz-
Line 340: Line 455:
'''îsobar''' -ss-, cf. '''Ísobél''' = '''Ísabél''', -z-
'''îsobar''' -ss-, cf. '''Ísobél''' = '''Ísabél''', -z-


'''Ísrâel''' *Ísreâl
'''Ísrâel''' (not -eâ-) *Ízrâle, *Ízrul in rapid AmE


'''Isrâeli''' ("Isrà-èli", common in the Arab world, is not an anglophone pronunciation)
'''Isrâeli''' *Izrâyly ("Isrà-èli", common in the Arab world, is not an anglophone pronunciation)


'''íssue''' *íshû sounds less affected: *íssyû is a [[spelling pronunciation]]
'''íssue''' *íshû is normal but is spurned by fans of the hypercorrect [[spelling pronunciation]] *íssyû (do they remember to say *tíssyu for '''tíssue''' or *míssyon for '''míssion'''?)


'''Istanbùl''' or to please the Turks '''Istánbul''' cf. old spelling in [[Graham Greene]]’s novel title '''Stamboul''' Train
'''Istanbùl''' is usual, cf. old spelling in the title of [[Graham Greene]]'s novel '''''Stámboul Trâin''''': Turks often say '''Istánbul''' in English


'''ísthmus
'''ísthmus


'''íts''' ''belonging to it'' = '''ít’s''' ''it is'': '''ít’s''' for '''íts''' is probably the most common mistake of all, and an understandable one, as nouns in the genitive have ''''s''': '''the dóg's tâil''', but '''íts tâil'''. Compare the less notorious but similar '''whose''' ''of whom'' and '''who's''' ''who is'', the latter similarly incorrectly used for the former
'''íts''' ''belonging to it'' = '''ít’s''' ''it is'': '''ít's''' for '''íts''' is probably the most common mistake of all, and an understandable one, as nouns in the genitive have ''''s''': '''the dóg's tâil''', but '''íts tâil'''. Compare the less notorious but similar '''whose''' ''of whom'' and '''who's''' ''who is'', the latter similarly incorrectly used for the former


'''Îvan
'''Îvan

Latest revision as of 10:16, 25 June 2017

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Use in English
Alphabetical word list
Retroalphabetical list  
Common misspellings  


This page lists pronunciations of English words that begin with I. To see a different letter navigate with the table above. The apostrophe is treated as the last letter of the alphabet, after Z.

For a pronunciation key, click on the blue "Catalogs" link below the article title.[e]

Î letter, me = eŷe sight = aŷe yes

Ìan person, cf. îron, silent r (the cricketer Ìan Bôtham—first syllable as bôth—was pronounced by some as "Îron Bóttom")

Ibìza *Í-bêetha; some say *Eŷe-Bêetha, a combination of anglicised long vowel and, with the -th- for zh, hypercorrect Castilian Spanish (as opposed to Ibiza's Catalan dialect)

îceberg one word

Îceland -lənd

Icelándic

îcon

Îdaho

idêa *îdêə, cf. monosyllables pêa, têa, where the a is not sounded separately, = names of the letters P and T

idêal

ídeogram

idêólogy - î or í

ídiom

idiosýncrasy

ídiot

îdle lazy = îdol god = AmE îdyll idyllic

Idomenèo

ídyll BrE; AmE îdyll = îdle = îdol

î.ê.

ignîte

ignítion

ígnorance

ignŏre

IKÊA Î-

íleum intestine = ílium bone

illegálity

illícit illegal = elícit get

Íllinŏis *Íllinŏi

íll-thŏught-òut

illûsion, íl-, cf. allûsion, əl-

illûsive illusory = elûsive elude

ímage -íj

imaginâtion

imágíne

imbróglio *imbrólyo

immêdìately

imménse, cf. eménd

ímmigrate, cf. émigrate

ímpact noun, affect

impáct fix, wedge

impâle

impàla

ímpásse can be pronounced, French-style, *ámpásse

impássioned -shənd

impêach

impéccable

impêrial

impéril

ímpetus makes a minimal pair with ímpotence

ímpìous, cf. pîous

ímplement noun, ímplemént verb

impŏrtance, impŏrtant

impóster, AmE also impóstor

ímpotence, ímpotent

impresàrio - one hissing s

ímpress noun

impréss verb

imprimàtur, imprímatur, imprimâtur

improprîety

ímprovîse

improvisâtion BrE -əvî-, AmE -óví-

ímpudent -yû-

impûte ascribe, cf. ínput put in *ímpùt

ín abséntia

ináccuracy

ináccurate

inadvërtent

inbetwêen can be two words

íncense smoke

incénse anger

ínches *ínchíz

inchôâte ínk-

íncident

incidéntal

incidéntally *incidéntly

incîsor

incîte provoke = in sîght looming, cf ínsight discernment

incógnito, incognìto, one word

íncòme or *ínkum

incrédible

incúmbent, cf. encúmber: minimal pair in non-rhotic pronunciations, like the standard British English of England

indepéndent, cf. depéndent adjective, depéndant noun

indepéndents = indepéndence

ín-dépth adjective

índex

índexes list, cf. índices mathematics

Índian - can be spelt without a capital when referring to American indians

Indiána

índicate

indícative

índicês, alternative plural of índex

indîct *indîte, cf. éxtradîte

indígenous

Indìra Gándhi *Gándy

indispénsable

índustry

indústrial

inévitable

ín fáct two words

infállible

ínfamous, cf. fâmous

infatuâtion

infërnal

infinitésimal

inflámmatory

ínfluence

influéntial

ín frònt of three words

ingênious, cf. gênius

ingénûous

ingrêdient

Ingushétia *Ingushéttia: too rare to have palatalised to -shêesha

inhérent or inhêrent

inhérit

inítial *iníshəl

inítiative *iníshətíve

ínjure, cf. endûre

ínland adjective

inlánd adverb

ínline text, cf. ín líne wíth

ínn pub = ín preposition

innovâtion

ínnovative

innuéndo

inóculate

ínpùt put in *ímpùt, cf. impûte ascribe

ínquest

inquîre, inquîry or enquîre, enquîry; AmE ínquiry = enquiry

ínroads

insâtiable

ínsight *ínsîte expertise, cf. in sîght visible = incîte provoke

insístent

ín sítu

insofàr ás

insómnia

insoûciance

ín spîte óf three words

inståll (some AmE: instål)

instålled

instålment BrE; AmE instållment

instéad one word

ínsúlt noun, insúlt verb

insůre insurance, verify = ensůre verify; BrE *inshåw, AmE *inshûr [1]

insürgent, cf. sürge

intáct one word, cf. ín fáct (minimal pair)

ínteger -j-

intégral

íntegrate

intélligent

inténtion intent, rhyming with ténsion tense

intër bury, cf. ínter- prefix

interáction

intercêde

intercéssor

interfêre

interfêrence

intêrior

interlócutor

intërment burial, cf. intërnment prison (minimal pair)

intërnal

internátional -áshnəl, cf. nâtion

internêcîne

ínternet (only the worldwide one can be capitalised: thê Ínternet)

intërpret

intërpreter

interval

intervêne

intervéntion

ínterview

intestînal or intéstinal

intifàda

íntimate adjective -ət

íntimâte verb

ínto *íntû, weak form *íntə

íntricacy

íntricate

íntrìgue noun *íntrêeg

intrìgue verb *ín-trêeg

introspéction

íntrovërt

ínundâte

Ínûít

ín vâin

inválid valid

ínvalid ill

invèigle

invént

ínventory (minimal pair in British English: *ínvəntry, ínfantry)

Invernéss-shire (-shîre, -shêer, -shə; hyphen to avoid "sss")

in-yer-fâce

îodìne BrE; AmE îodîne

îón electron, cf. îron metal, *îən, silent r

Iôna *Î-ôna

iôta *î-ôta

Îowa

îPód ® showing a trend towards internal capitalisation ("camel case") also seen in EastÉnders

Íqbal

Irān *Í-rāhn (some AmE has the deprecated pronunciation Î rán), cf. îron metal, which has silent r

Irânian; some AmE: Irànian

Irāq *Í-rāhk (some AmE has the deprecated pronunciation Î ráck)

Irāqi -kì

irâte = Î râte

Îreland BrE *Îələnd, cf. îsland *îlənd

Irênê e.g. Irene Handl

Irêne e.g. Goodnight Irene silent final e

iridéscent *írridéssant

îron metal BrE *îyən, cf. îón electron, Ìan person, Iràn country

irónic

îrony *îrənỳ

Íroquois -kwoi or -kwà

irresístible

irréverent

irrévocable

írrigate, cf. erádicate

Îsaac *Îzək

Ísabél, -z-, like Márian, has an o variant, Ísobél

Isaîah *Î-zîə

Îsís

îsland *îlənd, cf. Îreland

Íslám Íz- is probably the least affected pronunciation, though some say Íss- and/or -àm, and/or stress the second syllable

Islámic

Îslay *Îlə

îsle island *île = aîsle theatre

Îsle of Wîght *Île of Wîte

Îsley Brothers Îz-

Íslington Íz-

îsobar -ss-, cf. Ísobél = Ísabél, -z-

Ísrâel (not -eâ-) *Ízrâle, *Ízrul in rapid AmE

Isrâeli *Izrâyly ("Isrà-èli", common in the Arab world, is not an anglophone pronunciation)

íssue *íshû is normal but is spurned by fans of the hypercorrect spelling pronunciation *íssyû (do they remember to say *tíssyu for tíssue or *míssyon for míssion?)

Istanbùl is usual, cf. old spelling in the title of Graham Greene's novel Stámboul Trâin: Turks often say Istánbul in English

ísthmus

íts belonging to it = ít’s it is: ít's for íts is probably the most common mistake of all, and an understandable one, as nouns in the genitive have 's: the dóg's tâil, but íts tâil. Compare the less notorious but similar whose of whom and who's who is, the latter similarly incorrectly used for the former

Îvan

Îvor

îvory

îvy plant = Îvy person

Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=English_spellings/Catalogs/I&oldid=482814"