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  • [http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/ Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics] [http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/prob Probability Spaces]
    197 bytes (27 words) - 17:17, 17 October 2009
  • {{r|Probability theory}} {{r|Probability}}
    344 bytes (43 words) - 17:04, 14 July 2008
  • * P. Billingsley, ''Probability and Measure'' (2 ed.), ser. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Wiley, 1986. * D. Williams, ''Probability with Martingales'', Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1991.
    347 bytes (38 words) - 06:52, 14 July 2008
  • {{r|Probability theory}} {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    670 bytes (76 words) - 07:31, 16 April 2010
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Discrete probability distribution]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    674 bytes (82 words) - 16:00, 11 January 2010
  • The [[probability]] that the event occurs divided by the probability that the event does not occur.
    136 bytes (19 words) - 20:48, 26 January 2011
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Entropy of a probability distribution]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Continuous probability distribution}}
    549 bytes (67 words) - 16:19, 11 January 2010
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Continuous probability distribution]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Discrete probability distribution}}
    674 bytes (82 words) - 15:40, 11 January 2010
  • ...probability distribution|continuous probability distributions]] assigning probability ...e characteristic of the exponential distribution is that the [[conditional probability|conditional probabilities]] satisfy P(''X'' > ''x'' + '
    1 KB (164 words) - 06:14, 14 September 2013
  • {{r|probability theory}} {{r|conditional probability}}
    223 bytes (23 words) - 14:30, 29 June 2009
  • ...ility of any event may change. This changed probability is the conditional probability. ...nge. The probability of obtaining a 1, 3 or 5 will go down to 0, while the probability of obtaining a 2, 3 or 6 will go up to 2/6 (or 1/3). These new probabilitie
    2 KB (246 words) - 10:44, 6 June 2012
  • ...to be independent if the probability of A occurring is not affected by the probability of B occurring and vice versa. Two events are said to be independent if the probability of both events occurring is equal to the multiple of the probabilities of e
    771 bytes (133 words) - 13:32, 7 February 2009
  • {{r|Conditioning (probability)}} {{r|Continuous probability distribution}}
    771 bytes (95 words) - 18:24, 11 January 2010
  • {{r|Continuous probability distribution}} {{r|Discrete probability distribution}}
    812 bytes (100 words) - 20:22, 11 January 2010
  • In [[mathematics|mathematical]] [[probability]] [[equation]]s, which are used in nearly all branches of [[science]], a '' ...ed into two main groups: discrete probability distributions and continuous probability distributions.
    3 KB (389 words) - 13:28, 2 January 2009
  • ...(or the sum of the products of the value of each possible outcome and its probability of occurring).
    210 bytes (34 words) - 02:21, 5 June 2010
  • {{r|Convergence in probability}} {{r|Probability}}
    563 bytes (74 words) - 06:53, 14 July 2008
  • {{r|Probability}} {{r|Probability distributions}}
    369 bytes (44 words) - 10:59, 2 July 2009
  • ...''A'' in terms of the probabilities of ''A'' and ''B'' and the conditional probability of ''A'' given ''B''.
    201 bytes (29 words) - 16:55, 14 July 2008
  • #REDIRECT [[Probability distribution]]
    38 bytes (3 words) - 00:11, 7 May 2007
  • #REDIRECT [[Probability space]]
    31 bytes (3 words) - 13:15, 15 May 2010
  • ...distribution''' and '''zeta distribution''' refer to a class of [[discrete probability distribution]]s. They have been used to model the distribution of words in The Zipf distribution with parameter ''n'' assigns probability proportional to 1/''r'' to an integer ''r'' ≤ ''n'' and zero otherwise,
    1 KB (168 words) - 16:41, 6 February 2009
  • ...' is any member of a class of [[discrete probability distribution|discrete probability distributions]] named after [[Simeon Denis Poisson]]. ...But for some reason, no matter how recent or long ago last event was, the probability that another event will occur within the next hour is exactly the same (say
    2 KB (233 words) - 09:15, 14 September 2013
  • {{r|Continuous probability distribution}} {{r|Discrete probability distribution}}
    687 bytes (82 words) - 20:38, 11 January 2010
  • #REDIRECT [[Circular error probability]]
    40 bytes (4 words) - 16:55, 21 September 2008
  • {{r|Probability theory}}
    61 bytes (6 words) - 19:25, 23 October 2009
  • The '''entropy''' of a [[probability distribution]] is a number that describes the degree of uncertainty or diso #Given a [[discrete probability distribution]] function f, the entropy H of the distribution (measured in
    1 KB (232 words) - 07:17, 4 January 2008
  • {{r|Probability}} {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    1 KB (158 words) - 20:38, 26 January 2011
  • {{r|Probability theory}} {{r|Probability}}
    164 bytes (19 words) - 16:18, 7 July 2010
  • ...ut a function whose argument takes on a particular value according to some probability [[measure]] (a measure that takes on the value 1 over the largest set on wh Let <math>(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P)</math> be an arbitrary [[measure space|probability space]] and <math>(\Omega',\mathcal{F}')</math> an arbitrary [[measurable s
    2 KB (383 words) - 17:06, 17 October 2007
  • <!-- Text is transcluded from the Probability blindness/definition subpage-->
    90 bytes (11 words) - 16:19, 27 June 2010
  • Conditional probability of exposure to a treatment given observed covariates.
    113 bytes (13 words) - 13:02, 22 November 2011
  • Probability distribution where variables can take on arbitrary values in a continuum.
    122 bytes (15 words) - 11:04, 4 September 2009
  • {{r|Probability theory}} {{r|Probability distribution}}
    575 bytes (70 words) - 07:35, 16 April 2010
  • Describes the probability of success when repeatedly tossing a (fair or unfair) coin.
    122 bytes (16 words) - 18:12, 1 July 2009
  • the chosen probability of wrongly rejecting a null hypothesis (usually set at 5%).
    118 bytes (15 words) - 08:24, 30 June 2009
  • ...acteristic is possessed by, a typical member of a population...the terms [[probability]], relative frequency, and proportion are used synonymously."<ref name="isb
    623 bytes (86 words) - 12:57, 22 November 2011
  • A [[clinical prediction rule]] to estimate the probability of complications in patients with community acquired [[pneumonia]].
    162 bytes (19 words) - 14:06, 6 July 2008
  • ...n]] and [[statistics|statistician]] credited with major contributions to [[probability theory]].
    176 bytes (18 words) - 14:16, 22 May 2011
  • a test for comparing a mathematical probability distribution with observed data.
    117 bytes (14 words) - 05:21, 30 June 2009
  • The probability that the given sequence of random variables converges is 1.
    111 bytes (14 words) - 06:39, 14 July 2008
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Conditional probability]]. Needs checking by a human. {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    506 bytes (62 words) - 15:38, 11 January 2010
  • Describes, in mathematics, a measure (including probability and statistical distributions) by means of its integrals over subsets.
    167 bytes (20 words) - 17:35, 24 August 2009
  • ...], along with [[discrete probability distribution|discrete]] and [[hybrid probability distribution|hybrid]] ones. ...on partitions of the set of propositions, in practice intervals in R. The probability assigned to an interval around f.i. 1.7 meters should thus be much larger t
    3 KB (390 words) - 07:22, 26 September 2007
  • In mathematical probability equations, a constant (or function) used to ensure that the sum of all prob
    160 bytes (22 words) - 13:20, 2 January 2009
  • Statistical diagnostic in which a ratio is computed between the maximum probability of a result under two different hypotheses.
    164 bytes (22 words) - 20:22, 7 September 2009
  • ...cian known for his work on definite integrals, electromagnetic theory and probability theory.
    163 bytes (17 words) - 01:44, 30 June 2009
  • A '''probability''' is a number representing the likelihood of a random event or an uncertai ...athematical tool intended to formalize this ubiquitous mental process. The probability concept is a part of this theory, and is intended to formalize uncertainty.
    4 KB (672 words) - 14:38, 30 January 2011
  • ...th>\scriptstyle \mu(\Omega)=1</math> then the measure space is called a '''probability space'''. [[Probability theory]]
    590 bytes (82 words) - 05:53, 12 May 2008
  • ...of a variable (those less and those greater than it) according to a given probability.
    170 bytes (25 words) - 05:39, 9 December 2009
  • the probability that the true value of a random variable lies within the estimated (or pred
    159 bytes (21 words) - 13:51, 1 July 2009
  • ...the range of a distribution into ten intervals with (at least) 10 percent probability each (see [[percentile]]).
    199 bytes (26 words) - 12:32, 23 November 2009
  • &mdash; at least on first glance &mdash; surprising result of [[probability theory]]: This problem was introduced and discussed in the 1930s when modern probability theory emerged and is often attributed to [[Richard von Mises]].
    4 KB (538 words) - 01:33, 9 July 2010
  • Expression for the relative probability that a subsystem of a physical system in [[thermal equilibrium]] has a cert
    162 bytes (22 words) - 12:05, 18 January 2011
  • Method of predicting the probability of occurrence of an event by fitting data to a logistic curve.
    136 bytes (20 words) - 09:39, 4 September 2009
  • ...s]], [[elasticity]] and [[plasticity]] of materials, [[statistics]], and [[probability]].
    156 bytes (15 words) - 15:37, 6 December 2008
  • ==Probability Density== ...ath> is <math>p_{\left(0\right)}\left(x\right)</math>, then the transition probability for state <math>y</math> occurring at time <math>n + 1</math> can be expres
    3 KB (460 words) - 06:34, 8 January 2008
  • [http://www.math.uah.edu/stat/ Virtual Laboratories in Probability and Statistics]
    331 bytes (45 words) - 00:38, 18 May 2010
  • a symmetrical bell-shaped probability distribution representing the frequency of random variations of a quantity
    163 bytes (20 words) - 12:25, 1 July 2009
  • Two events are independent if the probability of their occurring jointly equals the product of their respective probabili
    163 bytes (21 words) - 19:45, 4 September 2009
  • ...[[probability theory]] is [[continuous probability distribution|continuous probability distributions]]. ==Intro - probability as logic viewpoint==
    4 KB (590 words) - 09:17, 26 September 2007
  • ...ong other things to provide a rigid basis for measure theory and axiomatic probability theory.
    173 bytes (23 words) - 17:40, 26 June 2008
  • Class of probability distributions in which the values that might be observed are restricted to
    184 bytes (26 words) - 11:06, 4 September 2009
  • ...nt portfolio that is expected to occur during a stated period at a stated probability[http://lexicon.ft.com/term.asp?t=value-at-risk--VAR].
    208 bytes (31 words) - 03:38, 2 January 2010
  • {{r|Probability density function}}
    164 bytes (18 words) - 17:37, 1 February 2011
  • a probability distribution that is typically used to model the number of independent even
    202 bytes (29 words) - 02:35, 10 February 2010
  • a mathematical expression that defines the probability of occurrence of every possible value of a random variable.
    150 bytes (20 words) - 02:25, 10 February 2010
  • A set of techniques to minimize the probability of hostile interception of a [[radio]] or [[radar]] signal
    142 bytes (20 words) - 11:55, 25 July 2008
  • {{r|Normalisation (probability)}}
    81 bytes (8 words) - 11:09, 31 May 2009
  • Is the probability that a given event occurs given the knowledge of some partial information a
    165 bytes (24 words) - 01:02, 18 February 2009
  • The probability of a false rejection of the null hypothesis in a statistical test.
    119 bytes (17 words) - 19:46, 4 September 2009
  • ...broadband search and location elecromagnetic detection system with a high probability of detection and a low false-alarm rate
    169 bytes (22 words) - 03:48, 19 November 2008
  • Function of a discrete random variable yielding the probability that the variable will have a given value.
    143 bytes (20 words) - 11:01, 4 September 2009
  • ...hyl-2,3-dinitrobutane, used to tag [[plastic explosives]] and increase the probability of their detection
    193 bytes (24 words) - 20:10, 20 April 2010
  • *[http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampprob.php Probability Sampling] William M.K. Trochim, ''Research Methods Knowledge Base?'' 2006.
    370 bytes (41 words) - 01:36, 28 February 2009
  • ...ombination of medical sign, symptoms, and other findings in predicting the probability of a specific disease or outcome.
    210 bytes (30 words) - 06:05, 7 September 2009
  • ...r A or B will occur is equal to the probability that A will occur plus the probability that B will occur,<br> ...both occur is equal to the probability that A will occur multiplied by the probability that B will occur,<br>
    6 KB (978 words) - 23:00, 25 October 2013
  • In probability theory, the event that two persons in a group celebrate their birthday on t
    177 bytes (27 words) - 17:20, 7 July 2010
  • ...economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events.
    243 bytes (30 words) - 07:29, 14 September 2009
  • The human brain's observed inability to make intuitive estimates of the probability of an event, even when presented with all of the relevant evidence
    186 bytes (27 words) - 16:18, 27 June 2010
  • * In [[probability theory]], the '''characteristic function''' of any [[probability distribution]] on the [[real number|real]] line is given by the following f :where "E" means [[expected value]]. See [[characteristic function (probability theory)]].
    2 KB (242 words) - 02:01, 2 February 2009
  • A [[probability distribution]] is a mathematical approach to quantifying uncertainty. ...discrete values only (typically the positive integers), while [[continuous probability distribution|continuous distributions]] describe variables that can take o
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  • Class of continuous probability distributions that describe the times between events in a Poisson process,
    239 bytes (34 words) - 11:08, 4 September 2009
  • #REDIRECT [[Power law#Power law probability distributions (Pareto distributions)]]
    82 bytes (9 words) - 13:03, 14 February 2007
  • Theory of the probability of transmission of messages with specified accuracy when the bits of inform
    273 bytes (34 words) - 08:55, 4 September 2009
  • the risk that arises in a situation in which the probability of an occurrence that is three standard deviations away from the mean is gr
    214 bytes (35 words) - 02:29, 22 May 2009
  • ...dom variable, such as the mean of a sample, that &mdash; with a specified probability &mdash; contains the true value for the population.
    193 bytes (30 words) - 13:46, 1 July 2009
  • ...ution function]] corresponding to a real-valued random variable; gives the probability that the variable is less than or equal to ''x''; often abbreviated as CDF.
    284 bytes (39 words) - 05:22, 24 November 2009
  • ...cisely, but can possibly be in a collection of pure states, with a certain probability of being in one of the pure states.
    240 bytes (39 words) - 01:14, 30 April 2009
  • a measure of the "lobsideness" of a probability distribution. Positive skewness indicates that the tail of the distributio
    287 bytes (43 words) - 16:21, 23 May 2009
  • according to a given [[probability]]. with probability at least &alpha;, and
    3 KB (436 words) - 08:38, 21 January 2010
  • '''Bayes' Theorem''' is a theorem in [[probability theory]] named for [[Thomas Bayes]] (1702&ndash;1761). ....,&nbsp;''H''<sub>''n''</sub> is known. What is needed is the conditional probability of each hypothesis ''H''<sub>''i''</sub> given ''D''. Bayes' Theorem says
    3 KB (601 words) - 11:23, 26 January 2011
  • [[Explosives]], principally for military use, which have an extremely low probability of detonating accidentally or other than as intended in a specific applicat
    421 bytes (60 words) - 17:02, 22 March 2024
  • ...the [[world as myth]] paradigm, base on the use of a time-space-alternate probability machine. It has a great many subtle references to earlier works and may be
    361 bytes (56 words) - 10:08, 26 June 2009
  • ...fic purposes (e.g., time series analysis, factor analysis, calculators for probability distributions, etc.), while others are general packages, with a variety of
    476 bytes (61 words) - 20:20, 2 March 2010
  • ...may not be exposed to factors [[hypothesis|hypothesized]] to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are def
    433 bytes (60 words) - 17:49, 14 May 2010
  • ...ed by a [[nuclear fission]] (by one neutron) which cause another fission: (probability to crack a nucleus)*(mean number of neutrons produced by a single fission)
    276 bytes (41 words) - 21:45, 26 November 2012
  • ...crease the probability that dysuria is due to [[vaginitis]] and reduce the probability that dysuria is due to [[urinary tract infection]].
    1 KB (192 words) - 11:50, 8 September 2008
  • ...ihood ratio} = \frac{\mbox{probability of test result with disease}}{\mbox{probability of same result without disease}}</math> This is a form of [[Bayes' theorem]] from [[probability theory]]. In this form the theorem is called [[Bayes' rule]].
    5 KB (738 words) - 20:35, 15 August 2012
  • a mathematical expression defining the shape of a symmetrical probability distribution curve - sometimes referred to as "peakiness". It is sometimes
    464 bytes (64 words) - 16:24, 23 May 2009
  • {{r|Probability theory}}
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  • {{r|Moment (probability theory)}}
    237 bytes (25 words) - 09:13, 29 January 2010
  • ...[definite integral]]s, [[electromagnetism | electromagnetic theory]] and [[probability theory]]. ...e Probability of Criminal and Civil Verdicts) (1837), an important work on probability theory, the [[Poisson distribution]] first appeared. Poisson's other works
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  • {{r|Probability theory}}
    260 bytes (36 words) - 13:28, 26 July 2008
  • {{r|Probability}}
    542 bytes (63 words) - 14:59, 1 November 2014
  • {{r|Low probability of intercept}}
    402 bytes (55 words) - 17:51, 28 July 2009
  • ...fallacies of not seeing the trap in the professor's logic in [[probability|probability theory]].
    2 KB (269 words) - 12:04, 23 April 2009
  • ...'' on an event is the [[probability]] that the event occurs divided by the probability that the event does not occur. The word comes from gambling and represents
    1 KB (248 words) - 23:47, 25 October 2013
  • ...[[random variable]]s on the same sample space (more precisely, the same [[probability space]]). In a more general context of probability theory
    4 KB (694 words) - 17:28, 25 August 2013
  • ...[[random variable]]s on the same sample space (more precisely, the same [[probability space]]). In a more general context of probability theory
    4 KB (694 words) - 17:27, 25 August 2013
  • In this definition, ''P'' is a probability distribution on the real numbers. * from a (theoretical) probability measure (such as the [[normal distribution|normal]] or [[Poisson distributi
    4 KB (543 words) - 08:41, 21 January 2010
  • {{r|Low probability of intercept}}
    686 bytes (86 words) - 21:24, 30 November 2013
  • '''Bayesian message classification''' is the process of using [[Bayesian probability|Bayesian statistical methods]] to classify documents into categories. ...n spam email, times the probability that any email is spam, divided by the probability of finding those words in any email:
    7 KB (1,096 words) - 19:12, 27 September 2009
  • ...o]] and [[radar]] transmitters, use a number of mechanisms to minimize the probability they will be detected by [[electronic intelligence]] sensors, and, if detec
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  • {{r|Discrete probability distribution}}
    456 bytes (57 words) - 21:48, 11 January 2010
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Normalisation (probability)]]. Needs checking by a human.
    463 bytes (56 words) - 19:04, 11 January 2010
  • {{r|Continuous probability distribution}}
    508 bytes (63 words) - 16:27, 11 January 2010
  • Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Circular error probability]]. Needs checking by a human.
    571 bytes (72 words) - 12:10, 20 March 2024
  • In [[statistics]], a '''propensity score''' is a "conditional probability of exposure to a treatment given observed covariates."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref>< .../sim.3245 |url= |issn=}}</ref> The propensity score is the "conditional probability of receiving one of the treatments under comparison ... given the observed
    2 KB (299 words) - 13:00, 22 November 2011
  • {{r|Probability distribution}}
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  • {{r|Discrete probability distribution}}
    619 bytes (77 words) - 19:36, 11 January 2010
  • {{r|Probability}}
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  • *That the probability distribution describing the next outcome may grow increasingly similar to a *Convergence in probability
    11 KB (1,680 words) - 19:57, 29 September 2020
  • The probability that a normally distributed random variable ''X'' with mean μ and variance
    671 bytes (89 words) - 12:00, 29 December 2008
  • {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    631 bytes (81 words) - 20:07, 11 January 2010
  • In [[probability theory]], the notion of '''probability space''' Third, the [[probability]] of an event.
    18 KB (2,797 words) - 14:37, 30 January 2011
  • ...ian at the [[Siberian Federal University]] in Russia, for his variant of [[probability theory]]. He claims the theory to be of "practical significance" both for "
    734 bytes (109 words) - 11:36, 25 October 2009
  • {{r|Probability}}
    801 bytes (97 words) - 20:36, 11 January 2010
  • ...nd [[Statistics|statistician]] who is credited with major contributions to probability theory. His first positions were at [[Cornell University]], followed by twe
    850 bytes (121 words) - 11:16, 10 February 2023
  • {{r|Circular error probability}}
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  • ...Sennett |first= James F. |authorlink= James F. Sennett |title= Modality, Probability, and Rationality: a critical examination of Alvin Plantinga's philosophy |y
    750 bytes (85 words) - 11:02, 30 October 2010
  • {{r|Conditioning (probability)}}
    814 bytes (102 words) - 19:54, 11 January 2010
  • ...m process there is some indeterminacy in its future evolution described by probability distributions. This means that even if the initial condition (or starting p ...om variables]]: non-deterministic (single) quantities which have certain [[probability distribution]]s. Random variables corresponding to various times (or point
    12 KB (1,781 words) - 14:50, 7 December 2008
  • * <big>"Probability of error for optimal codes in a Gaussian channel" (1959)</big> originally i [https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1959.tb03905.x Probability of error for optimal codes in a Gaussian channel], downloadable at [https:/
    3 KB (449 words) - 13:27, 4 January 2023
  • ...to prevent the accident that would trigger a tort lawsuit, while P is the probability of such accident, and L is the loss from the accident. PL, then, is the exp
    719 bytes (123 words) - 03:33, 6 February 2010
  • Tsirelson has made contributions to [[probability theory]] and [[functional analysis]], including
    752 bytes (107 words) - 10:50, 15 October 2012
  • ...e collection <math>\scriptstyle \{ \psi_i;\,i\,=\,1,\ldots,n\}</math> with probability <math>\scriptstyle p_i</math> of being in state <math>\scriptstyle \psi_i</
    5 KB (726 words) - 01:57, 30 September 2009
  • {{r|Time series}} in probability and statistics
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  • {{r|Time series}} in probability and statistics
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  • {{r|Time series}} in probability and statistics
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  • * ''A combinatorial theory of probability''
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  • {{r|Probability}}
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  • {{r|Low probability of intercept||**}}
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  • The discussion till now used a [[Probability| frequentist]] picture: probability refers to relative frequency in many repetitions. Also, it didn't address t ...lity | Bayesian]] or [[Probability | subjectivist]] sense: that is to say, probability statements are supposed to reflect the state of knowledge of one person. To
    12 KB (2,083 words) - 16:41, 18 February 2021
  • ...ch pull of the trigger. Burst mode is a compromise between the greater hit probability of several bullets, and wasting ammunition. Especially when hand-held, it i
    921 bytes (149 words) - 06:37, 26 April 2009
  • ...he net present values of alternative outcomes after weighting each by its probability of occurrence.
    1 KB (149 words) - 18:23, 2 October 2013
  • ...different types of measurement. Some of the various statistics are; joint-probability The joint-probability of agreement is probably the most simple and least robust measure. This sim
    4 KB (615 words) - 14:27, 18 February 2008
  • ...''A'' is a constant called the ''normalization factor'' used to adjust the probability of finding the particle,<ref name=normalization> ...ithin some finite region, the normalization constant would ensure that the probability of finding the particle inside the region was one.
    4 KB (711 words) - 09:31, 26 March 2011
  • ...ctually due to the [[medication]] rather than the result of other factors. Probability is assigned via a score termed definite, probable, possible or doubtful.
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  • ...] to problems in [[algorithmics]], [[combinatorics]], [[number theory]], [[probability]] and other areas. It is the basis of the engineering term [[function gene
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  • {{r|Circular error probability}}
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  • ...m the University at Erlangen in 1915 and his dissertation on the theory of probability was published in 1916. He attended Einstein's Berlin lectures on the theory ...rs and courses on scientific subjects. Of his major books, ''The Theory of Probability'' was published in 1935 and his ''Experience and Prediction'' was published
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  • ...ce is inertial guidance|guidance, probably initially with a circular error probability of 1-3 km, which is expected to improve.
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  • ...icantly increases the combat potential of that force and thus enhances the probability of successful mission accomplishment.<ref name=JP1-02>{{citation
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  • {{r|Time series}} in probability and statistics
    1,018 bytes (163 words) - 02:50, 7 November 2008
  • ...d is brought to full theoretical fruit in theories of [[probability theory|probability]] and [[statistics]]. .... (1983) “Extension versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment”. ''Psychological Review'', 90, 293–315). Once pointed out, it
    5 KB (886 words) - 02:24, 27 May 2009
  • <blockquote>As a [[Usenet]] discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches one.<ref>{{citation
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  • * Very low probability of default ...equal to zero. Damodaran (2002) argues that the reason behind the very low probability of default of a sovereign government is the control that they have on the p
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  • ;Overlap and probability : which means that the probability of finding the system in state <math>|\phi\rangle</math> is given by
    4 KB (690 words) - 12:51, 26 March 2011
  • ...es/sum2003/entries/probability-interpret/ Hájek, Alan. 'Interpretations of Probability', ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition), Edward N
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  • ...ee levels: [[Discrete probability distribution|discrete probabilities]], [[probability density function]]s, and [[measure theory]]. Conditioning leads to a non-ra ===Conditional probability===
    32 KB (5,149 words) - 15:48, 29 June 2009
  • ...440357">{{cite journal |author=Diamond GA, Forrester JS |title=Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease |journal=N.
    4 KB (522 words) - 00:49, 31 January 2009
  • {{r|Circular error probability}}
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  • ...addition to SINCGARS, it has user-settable power settings to decrease the probability of hostile SIGINT interception, increase battery life, and reduce the chanc
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  • ...r local [[internal improvements]] cast a rather doubtful conclusion on the probability of constructing a nationwide system of super-highways. The report is more
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  • ...tical physics]], the '''Boltzmann distribution''' expresses the relative probability that a subsystem of a physical system has a certain [[energy]]. The subsy ...ub>, then according to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law the relative probability is the ratio,
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  • * if they are identical, then you know with overwhelming probability (though not with absolute certainty):
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  • The net present expected value, E of a project having a probability P of a single outcome whose net present value is V is given by:
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  • ...devoted to messages and signals using techniques drawn from mathematical [[probability]], and linking discrete and continuous mathematics in ways that later turne * <big>"Probability of error for optimal codes in a Gaussian channel" (1959)</big> originally i
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  • ...that the wavefunction must be zero at negative positions (in order for the probability of finding the particle there to also be zero). The probability of finding the particle ''somewhere'' must be <math>1</math>. Since the wa
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  • ...so on. However, the term is typically used in the context of power-law [[probability distribution]]s such as the [[Gutenberg-Richter law]] for earthquake sizes, ==Power law probability distributions (Pareto distributions)==
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  • * Musch J, Ehrenberg K (2002) Probability misjudgment, cognitive ability, and belief in the paranormal ''Br J Psychol
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  • ...es frequently so the attack must constantly change. Methods include [[low probability of intercept]], rapidly changing frequencies (i.e., [[frequency agility]])
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  • '''Circular error probability''' is the most common metric of the accuracy to which a weapon can be deliv
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  • ...bability distribution function.gif|right|350px|Plot of the standard normal probability density function.<ref name="urlNIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Meth ...the likelihood the observed results are due to chance, is defined at "the probability, under the assumption of no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis),
    18 KB (2,448 words) - 05:50, 13 June 2011
  • ...of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref>
    2 KB (264 words) - 00:36, 24 January 2011
  • ...common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref><ref
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  • #D. Williams, ''Probability with Martingales'', Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1991.
    2 KB (324 words) - 16:34, 27 November 2008
  • ...her things to provide a rigid basis for [[measure theory]] and axiomatic [[probability theory]]. In essence it is a collection of subsets of an arbitrary set <mat * [http://www.probability.net/WEBdynkin.pdf Tutorial] on sigma algebra at probability.net
    2 KB (314 words) - 16:35, 27 November 2008
  • ...formation operations#electronic warfare|electronic countermeasures and low probability of intercept technologies. ...tennas and processing facilities to improve ELINT for frequency-agile, low-probability-of-intercept, and other difficult to process radar.
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  • *1950. ''Logical Foundations of Probability''. University of Chicago Press. [http://www.lawrence.edu/fast/boardmaw/Carn *1971. ''Studies in inductive logic and probability, Vol. 1''. University of California Press.
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  • ...w many outs you have, you can do some simple arithmetic to figure out your probability of winning that hand. ...is irrelevant). Since one ''out'' is 1 card out of the remaining 47, the probability of one card coming up is approximately 2%.
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  • Convolution of real functions by means of an integral are found in [[probability]], [[signal processing]] and [[control theory]]. Algebraic convolutions ar
    2 KB (338 words) - 17:41, 23 December 2008
  • ...ce: Eliminating Chance through Small Probabilities'' (Cambridge Studies in Probability, Induction and Decision Theory) Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521623871
    2 KB (291 words) - 07:22, 25 August 2008
  • | title = On a theorem of the probability calculus and its application to the theory of radiation
    2 KB (296 words) - 14:25, 7 October 2011
  • ...dical)|medical signs]], [[symptom]]s, and other findings in predicting the probability of a specific disease or outcome.<ref name="pmid10872017">{{cite journal |a ...diction rules for "Teaching physicians to make better judgments of disease probability may not alter their treatment decisions." <ref name="pmid7898300">{{cite jo
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  • ...To this end, let <math>(\Omega,\mathcal{F},P)</math> be a [[measure space|probability space]] (in particular, <math>(\Omega,\mathcal{F}</math>) is a [[measurable
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  • {{r|Low probability of intercept}}
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  • While the exact [[circular error probability]] of the U.S. version is classified, it is generally estimated to be in the
    2 KB (324 words) - 11:04, 8 April 2024
  • .... Since the F-22 is designed to be stealthy, its radar is designed for low probability of intercept.
    2 KB (354 words) - 16:22, 30 March 2024
  • ...ity of finding the mass in the point ''x''. In the figure we see that the probability of finding the oscillating mass at points to the left (for negative ''x'') ...al energy, is called a ''classically forbidden region''. The fact that the probability of finding a mass in a classically forbidden is non-zero, is often expresse
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  • ...ribes a wave of probability, the square of whose amplitude is equal to the probability of finding a particle at position ''x'' and time ''t''. But what is the for ...ime, which makes sense for a constant beam of particles: there is an equal probability of finding a particle at every point along the beam and any time. Using [[d
    17 KB (2,678 words) - 10:12, 9 May 2011
  • ...ton.html|title=Pedigrees, Prizes, and Prisoners: The Misuse of Conditional Probability|first=Matthew|last=Carlton|year=2005|journal=Journal of Statistics Educatio ...rtition-Edit-Count: Naive Extensional Reasoning in Judgment of Conditional Probability," ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: General'' '''133'''(4): 626-642.</s
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  • # In statistics, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis where it is false.
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  • ...ble space|Measurable]], [[Measure space|measure]], and [[Probability space|probability spaces]]==== ...lso probability distribution, according to Andrei Kolmogorov's approach to probability theory.
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  • ...hods are based on ALOHA protocol. The [[ALOHA]] based protocols reduce the probability of occurring tag collisions how tags respond at the different time. The det
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  • ...&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7063747 }} </ref> Accordingly, the AROC is the probability that the diagnostic test will correctly order the likelihood of disease amo
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  • ...The binomial coefficient <math>\tbinom{49}{6}</math> is 13,983,816, so the probability to choose the correct six numbers is <math>\frac{1}{13,983,816}=\frac{1}{{4
    3 KB (438 words) - 15:03, 30 November 2009
  • ...either by adjustments to the risk-free discount rate, or by using specific probability estimates to calculate a [[Net present value/Tutorials#Net present expected ...e living at some remote time in the future. After allowing for an assumed probability of the survival of the human race, that implied a pure social time preferen
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  • *Chaitin’s constant: the probability that a randomly selected valid program string is interpreted by a halting
    3 KB (474 words) - 15:58, 19 March 2022
  • ...of [[battleship]]s of the [[Iowa-class]], and its better [[circular error probability]] let gunfire support be used much closer to friendly troops.
    3 KB (407 words) - 15:42, 8 April 2024
  • ...while the electronic positions are represented by [[probability amplitude|probability distributions]] rather than as discrete points. ...wn as the [[Landau-Zener transition]]. Their formula allows the transition probability between two [[diabatic]] potential curves in the neighborhood of an [[avoid
    9 KB (1,219 words) - 14:19, 19 October 2010
  • ...advantage of being unknown to an attacker and they are, with overwhelming probability, nonlinear enough. The key scheduling starts with a round key array of 18 3
    2 KB (377 words) - 05:49, 8 April 2024
  • ...er a [[electronic warfare#electronic protection|jamming-protected]], [[low probability of intercept]], spread spectrum, [[frequency agility|frequency-hopping]] [[
    2 KB (333 words) - 10:20, 8 April 2024
  • {{r|Circular error probability}}
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  • ...nnan EL, Osler TM, Mukamel DB, Qian F et al.| title=The Surgical Mortality Probability Model: derivation and validation of a simple risk prediction rule for nonca
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  • Transmit power level was not adjustable, either to reduce the probability of interception, extend battery life or to minimize interference.
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  • ...ersons who are so identified by the screening test. It is a measure of the probability of correctly identifying a nondiseased person. (From Last, Dictionary of Ep ...f a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive
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  • ...pagule]] generation for each of the ''N'' occupied patches. This yields a probability of ''cN'' for each unoccupied patch to be colonized. So for each time step ...metapopulations (how many patches are suitable for habitat), and (b) the [[probability theory|probabalistic]] nature of extinction and colonisation. Also, note t
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  • The concept of measures is important in [[mathematical analysis]] and [[probability theory]], and is the basic concept of '''measure theory''', which studies t ...''probability measure'' (the underlying measure space is then called the [[probability space]])
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  • ...severity index''' (PSI) is a [[clinical prediction rule]] to estimate the probability of complications among patients with [[community acquired pneumonia]].<ref
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  • ...hcal{F},P)</math> be a [[complete measure space|complete]] [[measure space|probability space]]. Let <math>\scriptstyle 0 \,\in\, T \,\subset\, [0,\infty)</math> a
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  • The aircraft have low-probability-of-interceptsatellite and data-burst communications
    2 KB (335 words) - 16:22, 30 March 2024
  • ...phasized the delivery of nuclear weapons, with a 750 foot [[circular error probability]] (CEP). A 750 foot CEP is not an issue with a nuclear weapon, but it is fa
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  • * Probability (risk or chance) of survival = 142/(142+709) = 17% * Probability (risk or chance) of survival = 308/(308+154) = 67%
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  • *the probability that the measurement will result in the ''j''-th eigenvalue is {{nowrap|<no
    4 KB (558 words) - 12:26, 9 May 2011
  • ...iability analysis]] (PVA) which makes it possible to predict the long-term probability of a species persisting in a given habitat patch (''e.g.'', a national park
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  • ...or=Hamm RM, Smith SL| title=The accuracy of patients' judgments of disease probability and test sensitivity and specificity. | journal=J Fam Pract | year= 1998 | ...nal |author=Dolan JG, Iadarola S |title=Risk communication formats for low probability events: an exploratory study of patient preferences |journal=BMC Med Inform
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  • ...''': danger to the civil sector is minimized, even if that might lower the probability of destroying the counterforce target
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  • ...y has in the [[ecosystem]]. In the second (macroevolutionary) version, the probability of extinction for groups (usually families) of organisms is hypothesized to ...a family of organisms to survive does not improve over time, and that the probability of extinction for any given family is random. The Red Queen's Hypothesis as
    8 KB (1,190 words) - 07:11, 9 June 2009
  • ...l application of measure theory has been in the development of axiomatic [[probability theory]] originally proposed by [[Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov|Andrei Kolm
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  • :<math>N(d_1)</math> is the cumulative probability distribution for the standard normal variate from -∞ to <math> d_1 </mat
    3 KB (552 words) - 11:02, 7 December 2009
  • ...=http://www.spcpress.com/reading_room.php |title=Shewhart’s Charts and the Probability Approach |author=Neave, Henry R |authorlink= |coauthors=Wheeler,Donald J. |
    4 KB (481 words) - 16:01, 14 September 2011
  • ...of rolls that may end after one roll or continue indefinitely (although [[probability]] states that there will eventually be an end to the series). At least one ...odds bet. This means that the player will be paid an amount equal to the probability that the roll will occur. For a 4 and 10, true odds pay 2 to 1. For a 5 a
    10 KB (1,898 words) - 00:34, 21 October 2013
  • ...'<sub>B</sub>(''i'') = ''x''<sub>A</sub>(''i'') are just a coincidence (of probability 1/16); ...ce and Bob disagree on the intersection, and moreover, it happens with the probability at least 0.25. In the long run, Alice and Bob cannot fulfill their promise.
    24 KB (3,745 words) - 02:21, 26 October 2013
  • Current LGM-30G Minuteman missiles are estimated to have a circular error probability of 120 meters.
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  • ...ly identified on the basis of [[MRI|MRI scans]]. They can also, with lower probability, be identified on [[CT scan]]s, particularly if the tumour has grown consid
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  • ...can generate data and other information along with an understanding of the probability-based confidence that accompanies that data and information. It must be not
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  • * A serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) of less than 1.1 g/dL lowers the probability of portal hypertension.<ref name="pmid18334692"/>
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  • ...without understanding at least certain things about notions such as truth, probability, necessity, meaning. Issues in logic therefore find themselves at the core ...tic techniques that are deployed in the study of deductive validity. Where probability does play a role in contemporary logic is in that branch of logic termed ''
    10 KB (1,529 words) - 16:45, 10 February 2024
  • ...statistics is to develop theoretically sound methods (firmly grounded in [[probability theory]]) to learn something about the postulated random variable ''X'' and
    9 KB (1,291 words) - 04:36, 27 June 2009
  • where <math>p_x</math> is the probability of occurrence of the value <math>c_x</math>
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  • * narrowband, up to 56 Kbps but with an extremely high probability of connectivity under stress. Existing capability here is in the UHF Follow
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  • (We keep the term [[probability of emission]] for the quantity <math>~a(\omega){\rm d}\omega{\rm d}t~</math which is probability of emission of a photon within small spectral interval
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  • ...channels, and the resulting calcium influx into the terminal increases the probability that one or more of the vesicles might fuse with the terminal membrane (a p
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  • ...l futility''', the proposed treatment or procedure has an unreasonably low probability of achieving the goal. In instances of physiological futility, the health ...ed life. There is a spectrum of responses that can range from an increased probability (theoretical or real) of causing respiratory failure through the use of ade
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  • ...indness which is the inability of the brain to make intuitive estimates of probability;
    10 KB (1,465 words) - 13:02, 18 March 2011
  • Let <math>(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, \mathbb{F}, \mathbb{P})</math> be a probability space with a filtration <math>\mathbb{F}=(\mathcal{F}_t)_{t\geq 0}</math> t
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  • ...may command the underlying physical link to use technologies to reduce the probability that those bytes will be in error (e.g., with unequal Forward Error Correct
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  • ...of the distribution to astronomical data (Havil, 2003)) is a [[continuous probability distribution]] of great importance in many fields. ...e '''bell curve''' because the graph of its [[probability density function|probability density]] resembles a [[bell (instrument)|bell]].
    46 KB (6,956 words) - 07:01, 9 June 2009
  • ...gions around the nucleus where the so-called [[probability amplitude]] (or probability wave) of "finding" an electron is the largest. Heisenberg's [[Uncertainty P ...ad, it makes predictions about [[probability distribution]]s; that is, the probability of obtaining each of the possible outcomes from measuring an observable. Th
    37 KB (5,578 words) - 04:54, 21 March 2024
  • ...statistics is to develop theoretically sound methods (firmly grounded in [[probability theory]]) to learn something about the postulated random variable ''X'' and {{main|Statistical significance|Probability}}
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  • ...ter is usually considered problematic. At this age there is also a greater probability of [[drug abuse]] and [[alcohol abuse]], or mental problems such as [[schiz
    5 KB (768 words) - 09:18, 25 February 2011
  • ...rly'' 32 (i), 1982, p. 160</ref> In any case, ''Arne Sithonis'' was in all probability a survivor of the Thracian population of Naxos amongst the Karians. As a po
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  • ...esses may mediate decision-making under uncertainty with known and unknown probability in gain and loss frames. Med Hypotheses, 67(2), 283-286. ...titive social foraging may explain a mathematical equivalence of delay and probability in impulsive decision-making. Med Hypotheses, 67(2), 276-279.
    8 KB (1,108 words) - 06:45, 29 January 2012
  • ...Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Seminar on Mathematical Statistics and Probability'' University of California Press 1951</ref>. [[Kenneth Arrow]]
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  • ====Inverse probability weighting==== ...la D, Robins JM |title=Comparison of dynamic treatment regimes via inverse probability weighting |journal=Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. |volume=98 |issue=3 |pag
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  • ...ssessment of risk is possible only on the basis of an assumption about the probability distribution of the relevant variables, and the assumption made in the risk
    5 KB (801 words) - 08:31, 11 January 2010
  • ...l swellings, and even from undilated axons, and at each of these sites the probability of an exocytotic event occurring apparently reflects the number of vesicles
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  • ...rocket body) only stabilize; they do not adjust the course to increase the probability of hitting the target.
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