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{{r|Peptide hormone}}

{{r|hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}} {{r|Peptide hormone}}

Examples of primary messengers include [[hormone]]s and [[neurotransmitter]]s. ====Hormone====

{{r|Hormone}}

'''Cortisone''' is a naturally occurring [[glucocorticoid]] [[steroid]] hormone. Many steroid-based drugs designed to reduce inflammation, including [[hyd

...yroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency ([[hypothyroidism]]), or hormone overproduction ([[hyperthyroidism]]). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, ...tor, thereby stimulating the thyroid gland and hypersecretion of [[thyroid hormone]]s. these autoantibodies can also affect the eyes ([[Graves ophthalmopathy]

{{r|Human growth hormone}}

{{r|hormone}}

...Method for quantitating the molecular content of a subcellular organelle: hormone and neurophysin content of newly formed and aged neurosecretory granules. ' ...cretion of vasopressin causes the [[syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone]].

{{r|Growth hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

Many [[hormone]]s are peptides, including all those secreted by the [[pituitary gland]]. M

...ukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=JournalHome&ProduktNr=224036&ContentOnly=false 'Hormone Research'] (Karger)

{{r|Luteinising hormone}}

...otencies. SS-28 is about ten times as potent as SS-14 in inhibiting growth hormone secretion, but is less potent in inhibiting glucagon secretion. Five subtyp ...inhibits the release of [[growth hormone]] (GH) and [[thyroid-stimulating hormone]] (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. Cells within pancreatic islets s

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

...ng off catabolic processes and vice versa. Most of the known signals are [[hormone]]s and the molecules involved in metabolism itself. [[Endocrinologist]]s ha *[[Growth hormone]]

...me effector systems as do'' other'' hormones, and so putting a second such hormone into play can change the effects of the first. These effector systems are s ...life (e.g., puberty, caring for offspring, menopause). In many cases, one hormone may regulate the production and release of other hormones. Many hormones ca

{{r|Hormone receptors}}

...arry the peptides to the [[anterior pituitary]] gland, where they regulate hormone secretion into the systemic circulation. The parvocellular neurosecretory c ...otrophin releasing hormone]] (CRH), which regulates [[adrenocorticotropic hormone]] (ACTH) secretion from the [[anterior pituitary gland]],

'''Cholecystokinin''' (CCK) is a peptide hormone synthesised by L-cells in the mucosal epithelium of the [[duodenum]], and ...timulation of food intake, including receptors for [[melanin concentrating hormone]] (MCH)-1 and [[cannabinoid] CB1 receptors. At high levels (after food cons

{{r|Hormone}}

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..._strangers_hormone_under_study_may_help/ Feeling shy, afraid of strangers? Hormone under study may help] ''[[Boston Globe]]'' (26 Dec 2005) ...0464/Oxytocin-the-love-hormone-could-cure-shyness.html Oxytocin – the love hormone – could cure shyness] ''Telegraph'' (15 Dec 2010)

{{r|Peptide hormone}}

...e hypothalamus that plays an extremely important role in the regulation of hormone secretion from the pituitary gland, and in the regulation of appetite and b ...eurons of the arcuate also inhibit the release of [[gonadotropin-releasing hormone]], explaining in part why lactating (or otherwise [[hyperprolactinemia|hype

{{r|Hormone}} {{r|Luteinising hormone}}

...and by the isomerization of the δ5 double bond into a δ4 double bond. This hormone is also essential to maintain pregnancy. Progresterone is the precursor che

{{r|Hormone}}

'''Ghrelin''' is a 28 amino-acid pepptide [[hormone]] that is produced by [[P/D1 cell]]s lining the fundus of the human [[stoma ...02:656-60 PMID 10604470</ref> The name is based on its role as a ''growth hormone-releasing peptide'', with reference to the [[Proto-Indo-European language|P

...[[neuropeptides]], particularly those regulating the secretion of [[growth hormone]] ...omy of the hypophysiotropic somatostatinergic and growth hormone-releasing hormone system minireview. ''Neurochem Res'' 31:137-43. PMID 16586030

...one''' (ACTH), a product of the [[Pro-opiomelanocortin]] (POMC) gene, is a hormone secreted by the [[corticotroph]]s of the [[anterior pituitary]] gland in re ...he release, from the pituitary endocrine cells, of vesicles containing the hormone by a process of calcium-dependent [[exocytosis]].

...''' is "a syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of [[thyroid hormone]]s from the [[thyroid gland]], leading to a decrease in [[basal metabolic r Thyroid stimulating hormone levels of less than 10 may not be important.<ref name="pmid20858880">{{cite

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

|uses= natural hormone ...ympathomimetic]] and [[catecholamine]] that is a "active sympathomimetic [[hormone]] from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- a

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

...n postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, [[dyspareunia]], and progressive de ...=A randomized controlled study of taper-down or abrupt discontinuation of hormone therapy in women treated for vasomotor symptoms. | journal=Menopause | yea

...unction; neurophysin is important for the correct folding of the precursor hormone to allow it to be packaged in vesicles. Each vesicle contains about 85,000 ...rowth hormone releasing hormone]] which stimulates the secretion of growth hormone.

...ant sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone". ...concerned originally with the sulphur of [[insulin]], and then with two [[hormone]]s of the [[posterior pituitary]] gland, [[oxytocin]] and [[vasopressin]].<

...tent stimulator of hunger. Conversely, they are inhibited by [[leptin]], a hormone secreted by [[adipocyte]]s in proportion to total body fat mass.<ref>{{cite Hormone and glucose signalling in POMC and AgRP neurons''J Physiol'' 587:5305-14 PM

{{r|Hormone}}

'''Hepcidin''' is a peptide hormone produced in the liver, which appears to be the "master" control mechanism o | title = Hepcidin - the Iron Regulatory Hormone

...and Medicine in 1977 for their contributions to understanding "the peptide hormone production of the brain." ...] <ref>Grattan DR, Kokay IC (2008) Prolactin: a pleiotropic neuroendocrine hormone. ''J Neuroendocrinol'' 20:752-63. PMID 18601698</ref>

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

{{r|Hormone}}

...rome]], but by altering the secretion or metabolism of certain hormones or hormone-like chemicals, such as [[glucagon-like peptide 1]]([[GLP-1]]), a member of

An '''estrogen''' is a type of [[steroid]] [[hormone]] with eighteen carbons. With increasing age and menopause, the levels of ...ed controlled trial]]s has led several practitioners to cease recommending hormone replacement therapy to most of their menopausal patients.<ref name="pmid128

Hormone Interactions Regulating Energy Balance During Pregnancy. Ladyman et al, 201 Melanin-concentrating hormone directly inhibits GnRH neurons and blocks kisspeptin activation, linking en

...l''', is a [[steroid]] [[hormone]]. It is the major [[mineralcorticoid]] hormone and has a critical role in regulating the concentrations of sodium and pota ...tensin II]], which stimulates aldosterone secretion. [[Adrenocorticotropic hormone]] can also produce a transient increase in aldosterone secretion.

...inding. Blood pressure is also increased by the release of [[renin]], a [[hormone]] produced in the kidneys, which narrows blood vessels. By preventing reni

...nded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from [[hormone]]s in that their actions are local rather than distal."<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref>

...is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a [[hormone]] or [[neurotransmitter]]. They are intermediate signals in cellular proces

...junk foods. In this 60-minute presentation, he focuses on the role of the hormone leptin in regulating fat accumulation. He also discusses his studies of a h

...stem|second messenger]]. Its levels increase in response to a variety of [[hormone]]s, including [[acetylcholine]], [[insulin]], and [[oxytocin]] and it has b

The use of these [[hormone]]s as aids to body building and athletic performance have been banned in sp

...> No single toxin causes it, but those implicated include as [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH), beta2-microglobulin, polyamines, and advanced glycosylation end pr ...to the kidneys failing to produce inadequate [[erythropoietin]] (EPO), a hormone that triggers [[erythropoiesis]] in the [[bone marrow]]. In non-diabetic pa

...e following categories: [[androgenic agents]], [[blood doping]], [[peptide hormone]]s, [[stimulant]]s, [[diuretic]]s, [[narcotic]]s and [[cannabinoid]]s. The ...[chorionic gonadatrophin]] (banned in men only), [[somatotrophin]] (growth hormone), [[insulin]]s and [[corticotrophin]]s, [[corticosteroid]] mimics, and thei

...ive behavior, but loaches have been induced to spawn in captivity by using hormone injections. Loaches in the ''[[Botia]]'' genus are long-established aquariu

...e following categories: [[androgenic agents]], [[blood doping]], [[peptide hormone]]s, [[stimulant]]s, [[diuretic]]s, [[narcotic]]s and [[cannabinoid]]s. The ...[chorionic gonadatrophin]] (banned in men only), [[somatotrophin]] (growth hormone), [[insulin]]s and [[corticotrophin]]s, [[corticosteroid]] mimics, and thei

...ect on the secretion of [[luteinising hormone]] and [[follicle stimulating hormone]], which in men promote testis growth and sperm production. Accordingly, ex

| title = Overture for growth hormone: requiem for interleukin-6?

{{r|Peptide hormone}}

'''Growth hormone''' (GH) is a [[peptide hormone]] that is made in and secreted from the somatotroph cells of the [[anterior ==Growth hormone deficiency==

...to stop the individual from eating. In 1994, it was discovered that this hormone released from adipose tissue, and critical in regulating the size of the bo Leptin is a adipocite derived hormone that circulates in the blood in proportion to whole body adipose tissue mas

# "A randomized controlled clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), dietary modification (DM), and calcium/vitamin D

...rol]] and [[warfarin]]. It also decreases the absorption of the [[thyroid hormone]]s [[levothyroxine]], [[liothyronine]], [[liotrix]] and [[thyroglobulin]].

...e fertile adult queen lays all the eggs, and controls the colony through [[hormone]]s.

*Kojima M ''et al.'' (1999) Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. ''Nature'' 402:656-60 *Batterham RL ''et al.'' (2002)Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake. ''Nature'' 418:650-4

| title = Overture for growth hormone: requiem for interleukin-6? ...55%. This study demonstrates that the effect of music on pituitary growth hormone release may be central to the sedative actions of music. That implies that

...ear to be under negative control by [[Leptin|leptin]], an appetite-curbing hormone produced by [[Adipose tissue|adipose tissue]]. Administration of leptin de ...rmone adiponectin, which is secreted from adipocytes, is upregulated. This hormone is essential for decreasing the expression of enzymes in lipogenesis <ref>P

Examples of [[peptide]] hormone vasoconstrictor agents include:

...ng off catabolic processes and vice versa. Most of the known signals are [[hormone]]s and the molecules involved in metabolism itself. [[Endocrinologist]]s ha

Batterham RL ''et al''. (2002) Gut hormone PYY3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake. ''Nature'' 418:650-654 PMID 1 ...aine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and alpha-melanocytestimulating hormone in vitro in male rats. ''J Neuroendocrinol'' 14:725-30 PMID 12213133.

...Briefly, this is caused by the [[hypothalamus]] [[gland]] that secretes [[hormone]]s into the [[blood]] stream which trigger growth in the [[gonads]]: the gi

...c cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical [[hormone]]s in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather tha | title = Plant hormone is human cytokine

...eptide [[B endorphin]] and the melanocortin [[alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone]] (α-MSH) are cleaved from POMC; α-MSH is a very potent inhibitor of feed '''Thyroid hormone'''

...em, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule ([[hormone]], [[neurotransmitter]]) is mediated via the coupling of a [[cell surface r

...vous system]] to the [[endocrine system]] by synthesizing and secreting [[hormone|neurohormones]], often called ''releasing hormones,'' that control the secr ...ake [[kisspeptin]], and indirectly regulate the secretion of [[luteinizing hormone]]. Yet other cells make [[somatostatin]], and their function is unknown.

...=Gelato M, McNurlan M, Freedland E| title=Role of recombinant human growth hormone in HIV-associated wasting and cachexia: pathophysiology and rationale for t

...e, CRH stimulates the corticotroph cells to secrete [[adrenocorticotrophic hormone]] (ACTH) into the general circulation. Upon reaching the [[adrenal cortex]] ...he [[adrenal medulla]]. As a consequence, the chromaffin cells secrete the hormone [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline) into the general circulation. This provides re

...e [[gastrointestinal tract]] and the brain, and how secretion of varying [[hormone]]s from different areas of the body causes [[appetite]]-enhancing and [[sat ...|diagram 3.jpg|right|500px|''Gut-Brain signaling Pathways'' Proteins and [[hormone]]s activate brain pathways in different ways, either by eventual vagal acti

...e long been suspected to have a role in the regulation of neurohypophysial hormone secretion. These morphological changes are apparent in physiological states ...al interactions in hypothalamus and pituitary: implications for control of hormone synthesis and release ''Peptides'' 5 Suppl 1:121-38. PMID 6384946</ref>

...as the [[testes]], which produce [[spermatozoa]] and [[androgen|androgenic hormone]]s. In some cases the term has been applied to severing the [[ovary|ovaries

...polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. |journal=Science |volume=179 |pages= 77-9 |year= 1973 |pmid= 4682131 |doi

...lycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. These [[stero ...ds should be checked regularly for linear growth and considered for growth-hormone replacement in case of growth impairment."

...ceptor]]s responsible for the [[signal transduction]] of the main effector hormone. The '''AT₁''' and A'''T₂''' receptors have a sequenc

;Metabolic failure of hormone production

...in addition to manufacturing sperm, also produce testosterone, a male sex hormone that controls the prostate's growth and function.

...als to eat voraciously). These NPY neurons are activated by [[ghrelin]], a hormone that is secreted from the empty [[stomach]], and whose concentration in the ...al hunger signal. Conversely, the NPY cells are inhibited by [[leptin]], a hormone secreted from [[adipocyte]]s (fat cells) that circulates in the blood in pr

..., an acylated upper gastrointestinal peptide, is the only known orexigenic hormone. Considerable evidence implicates ghrelin in mealtime hunger and meal initi ...the available information regarding the effect of ghrelin on the pituitary hormone axis, appetite regulation, cardiac and gastrointestinal function, carbohydr

...iedman and colleagues found that the gene ''ob'' coded for a novel peptide hormone, which they called ''leptin'', from the Greek ‘leptos’ meaning thin. Mi Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted from [[adipocyte]] cells into the blood, and the plasma concentrat