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...otein structure]]s, particularly in [[DNA]]-binding proteins, in which the amino acid [[leucine]] is repeated every seven amino acids within an [[alpha-helix]] s

...coupled receptors. Akt/PKB is activated by phosphorylation at two distinct amino acid residues, Threonin 308 and Serine 473.

[[Amino acid sequence]]s with very similar distribution patterns of the hydrophobic set ...Hydrophobic cluster analysis: an efficient new way to compare and analyse amino acid sequences. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)80439-8 FEBS Lett. 224,

...he use of [[RNA molecule]]s as templates and the result is a sequence of [[amino acid]]s, determined by the sequence of [[nucleotide]]s in the RNA.

...gy]], '''antibodies''' are "[[immunoglobulin]] molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the [[antigen]] (or a v

Auto-populated based on [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Amino acid]]. Needs checking by a human.

...or chemicals both in the lab and in living organisms. The twenty common [[Amino acid|amino acids]] are a particularly important class of carboxylic acids. Carb

...nstituent monomeric units (i.e. [[monosaccharide]]s, [[nucleotide]]s and [[amino acid]]s, respectively). Those monomers can be further degraded into simpler mole

...nits of a [[ribosome]] and [[translation]] begins, producing a string of [[amino acid]]s whose order is coded by the mRNA template.

'''Peptide YY''' (PYY) is a short (36-amino acid) [[protein]] released by L-cells in the mucosa of the ileum and colon in re

* Residue is another name for an [[amino acid]] in a protein. One might say that "residue 39 is a [[cysteine]]".

...indole''' [[heterocycle|heterocyclic]] compound is the side chain of the [[amino acid]] [[tryptophan]] as well as the parent compound for a family of related het

Important and widely known products of biosynthesis include [[amino acid]]s, [[nucleotide]]s, and , [[vitamin]]s but all components of living beings The amino acid glutamate is a common component of proteins. Glutamate is able to transfer

...bed into messenger [[RNA]] (mRNA). The mRNA can then be translated into an amino acid chain called a polypeptide (after the peptide bond connecting the amino aci

....P., Anthony L.T.N, Bialik R. (1994) Dissociation between plasma and brain amino acid profiles and short-term food intake in the rat. Am J Physiol 266:1675-86. '''(4)''' Harper A.E., Peters J.C. (1989) Protein intake, brain amino acid and serotonin concentrations and protein self-selection. J Nutr 119:677-689

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter found in the CNS and autonomic nervous system.

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...aterial science, and the food industry. Acids, such as the twenty common [[amino acid]]s and [[carboxylic acid|carboxylic acids]] (including [[valeric acid]], an

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...is "a biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-[[tryptophan]]. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous sy

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...luding humans, proteins must be ingested and digested in order to obtain [[amino acid|essential nutrients]] that cannot be synthesized by the organism itself. ...n is an important part of the [[human]] [[diet]]. Proteins are made from [[amino acid]]s (see "Synthesis" section, above), yet humans cannot make all of their ow

...Specifically, netilmicin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and one [[amino acid]] of protein [[S12]], interfering with decoding around nucleotide 1400 of 1

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...in the [[citric acid cycle]]) can also be used for gluconeogenesis. Many [[amino acid]]s, upon amino group removal, yield intermediates of the citric acid cycle

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...tes and the function of multiple organs...Arg is a nutritionally essential amino acid (AA) for spermatogenesis, embryonic survival, fetal and neonatal growth, as

...er, [[Agkistrodon rhodostoma]]. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of [[fibrinogen]]. It is used clinically t

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|uses=amino acid ...onine]].<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> It also serves as a chemical precursor of the amino acid [[cysteine]].

It is usually a 25-amino-acid sequence, although shorter 22 and 20 amino acid peptides are also present. "The main peptide is notable for containing eigh

...c acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain [[amino acid]]s, and some of its reactions are therefore important even in cells perform ...wn by [[protease]] [[enzyme]]s into their constituent amino acids. These [[amino acid]]s are brought into the cells and can be a source of energy by being funnel

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...up from [[adenosine triphosphate]](ATP) to the hydroxyl oxygen atom on the amino acid [[tyrosine]]. This process is known as tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosines

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...isomeric forms. For example, the ''levorotary'' (L or +) isomers of the [[amino acid|amino acids]] are used to build [[protein|proteins]], but not the ''dextror

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...are caused by proteins whose structures have been modified, either due to amino acid substitutions (sicle cell anemia, cancer) resulting from DNA changes or by A Protein is a linear polymer of different [[amino acid|amino acids]], whose properties vary. To a large degree the shape of a pro

...enantiotopic. e.g. pair of protons attached to the alpha-Carbon in glycine amino acid (they are not chemically equivalent if glycine is part of a polypeptide cha

...citatory neurotransmitters in the brain include [[acetylcholine]], and the amino acid [[glutamate]]. The major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is [[gamm

* [[Amino acid]]

...ure of [[protein]]s. It was already known that proteins were composed of [[amino acid]]s, but Fischer found new ways of purifying amino acids and determining how

...walls containing multiple layers of [[peptidoglycan]] bound together by [[amino acid]] bridges.

...r specific nucleotides in the [[16S]] rRNA around nucletide 1400 and one [[amino acid]] in the [[S12]] protein of the [[30S]] ribosomal subunit. This interferes

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...n of an initiation complex, causing misreading of mRNA so that incorrect [[amino acid]]s are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic pept

...ef><ref>Turner RA, Pierce JG, du VigneaudV (1951) The purification and the amino acid content of vasopressin preparations ''J Biol Chem'' 191:21-8 PMID 14850440<

...zyme [[phenylalanine hydroxylase]] (PAH). It is required to metabolise the amino acid [[phenylalanine]] to [[tyrosine]] and the impact of this deficiency can be

Like all other [[protein]]s, peptide [[hormone]]s are synthesized from [[amino acid]]s according to an [[mRNA]] template, which is itself synthesized from a [[ These prohormones often contain superfluous amino acid residues that were needed to direct folding of the hormone molecule into it

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...fact that enzymes were proteins whose activities were dependant upon their amino acid sequence would not be clear for another 40 years. With the discovery of [[D

..., sodium channels fail to activate properly. The mutation causes single [[amino acid]] changes in parts of the channel which important for inactivation.

...ne dinucleotide''' is a cofactor in the enzymes [[monoamine oxidase]], [[D-amino acid oxidase]], [[glucose oxidase]], and [[xanthine oxidase]].

Structurally, it is a 13-member amino acid peptide linked to a 10-carbon lipophilic tail, which has a novel mechanism

...ges= |isbn=0-07-145153-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> GABA is produced from the [[amino acid]] glutamate through the action of the enzyme [[glutamate decarboxylase]], a

3 or 4 [[amino acid]]s are neurotransmitters depending on the exact definition used. [[Glutami

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...otein contains somatostatin-14 and -28 at its COOH terminus. The predicted amino acid sequence of human SS-28 is identical to that of SS-28 from porcine and ovin

***[[Silent mutations]]: which code for the same [[amino acid]]. ***[[Missense mutations]]: which code for a different amino acid.

SNPs within a coding sequence will not necessarily change the [[amino acid]] sequence of the [[protein]] that is produced, due to [[Genetic code#Degen ...sense mutation|nonsense]]", where a missense change results in a different amino acid, while a nonsense change results in a premature [[stop codon]].

.... An array of acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation on particular [[amino acid]] residues in the histones plays an extremely vital role in the regulation ...Out of all of the histones associated with eukaryotic chromosomes, the H1 amino acid sequences vary the most from organism to organism. The high level of conser

...vice versa.<ref>Mellinkoff SM ''et al.'' (1956) Relationship between serum amino acid concentration and fluctuations in appetite ''J Appl Physiol'' 8:535-8 PMID ...of casein, was ingested (exp. 3) or infused in 45 minutes (exp. 4). Serum amino acid concentrations were measured for 4 hours at regular intervals and subjects

...tely 25% identical to ASIP. Murine AgRP has 131 amino acids and shares 81% amino acid identity with the human protein. <ref name="pmid9819197">{{cite journal | a

...hphys/endocrine/hypopit/oxytocin.html ColoState.edu] - 'Oxytocin is a nine amino acid peptide that is synthesized in hypothalamic neurons and transported down ax

...and 98%, respectively. These results indicate that very few nucleotide or amino acid changes differentiate the antigenic and host range specificity of FPV and C

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...istamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic [[amino acid]]s, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pha ...[norepinephrine]], [[dopamine]]. They are derived from the non-essential [[amino acid]] [[tyrosine]] which is found in casein in milk and cheese.

...separating the disease from the diseased. While [[codon]]s for different [[amino acid]]s may change in a random mutation (changing the sequence coding a gene), t

...ebacteria possess the lipoglycans of different structure, in this case the amino acid L-alanine is substituted by its D-isomer. The further immunochemical studie

'''Aromatase''', the 503-amino acid long [[protein]] product of the ''CYP19A1'' [[gene]] on [[chromosome]] 15q2

...ually, RNA chains randomly developed with catalytic properties that help [[amino acid]]s bind together ([[peptide]]-bonding). These amino acids could then assis ...Specifically, the formation of the peptide bond, the reaction that binds [[amino acid]]s together into [[protein]]s, is now known to be catalyzed by an [[adenine

...nging the ''shape'', or conformation, of a protein (without changing its [[amino acid]] sequence) can alter its biological properties. ...ion fibers. As a result, only free protein molecules that are identical in amino acid sequence to the prion protein can be recruited into the growing fiber. This

...r, their substrates and cofactors. This can help understand the important amino acid residues for function as well as helping determine the different conformati

#[[Amine]]-derived hormones are derivatives of the [[amino acid]]s [[tyrosine]] and [[tryptophan]]. Examples are the [[catecholamine]]s ([[

They are divided into major classes based on the amino acid sequencing of their heavy chains. The classic way to separate the major cla

<tr><td>C_{<math>\alpha</math>}</td><td>alpha carbon of current amino acid</td> ...<td>C_{<math>\alpha-1</math>}</td><td>alpha carbon of the previous amino acid</td>

#Biological enrichment of food substrates with protein, essential [[amino acid]]s, essential [[fatty acid]]s, and vitamins

..."Purification of human erythropoietin". ''J Biol Chem'' 252:5558-64</ref> Amino acid sequence data from this protein were used in subsequent efforts to clone th ...bepoetin (see above) was created through [[site-directed mutation]] of two amino acid residues, allowing for two additional N-linked carbohydrate chains.