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{{Image|Ncuti_Gatwa,_Jan_2019_on_MTV_International_01.jpg|right|250px|[[Ncuti Gatwa]] will take over the lead role of ''Doctor Who'' in 2023.}}
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| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''[[Doctor Who]]'''
| style="background: #fff; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #000000" | '''''Doctor Who'''''
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|[[Image:Doctorwho-taxicab-logo-wp.jpg|300px]]
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em; text-align: center;"|Current ''Doctor Who'' series logo<ref>Known by some fans as the 'taxicab logo' to distinguish it from earlier versions.</ref>
| style="text-align: center;"|''British [[science fiction|science-fiction]] [[drama]] series''
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| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''First broadcasts'''
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| style="text-align: center;"|23rd November 1963 (original series)<br> 12th<ref>This is the date of its first broadcast, as an independent film in Canada; after further broadcast in the USA it was shown as part of the BBC series on the 27th.</ref> May 1996 (TV movie)<br> 26th March 2005 (current series)
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Format:''' [[Science Fiction]]; [[Drama]]
| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''Creators'''
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Country:''' [[United Kingdom]]
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Channel:''' [[BBC One]]
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Sydney Newman]]<br> [[Donald Wilson]]<br> [[C. E. Webber]]
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''First Aired:''' [[23 November]] [[1963]] (original series)
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| style="padding-left: 6.6em;"|[[26 March]] 2005 (current series)
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| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''1960s-1990s'''
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Creators:''' [[Sydney Newman]]
| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''Starring'''
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| style="padding-left: 6.0em;"|[[C. E. Webber]]
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| style="padding-left: 6.0em;"|[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]
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| style="padding-left: 6.0em;"|[[Russell T. Davies]] (current series)
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Starring:''' [[David Tennant]]; [[Freema Agyeman]]
| style="text-align: center;"|[[William Hartnell]] • [[Patrick Troughton]]<br>[[Jon Pertwee]] • [[Tom Baker]]<br>[[Peter Davison]] • [[Colin Baker]]<br>Sylvester McCoy • [[Paul McGann]]<br>
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| style="padding-left: 1.0em;"|'''Picture format:''' 720x576 [[16:9]] ([[2005]]–)
| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''2000s-'''
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| style="background: #fff; text-align: center;" | '''Starring'''
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| style="text-align: center;"|[[Christopher Eccleston]]<br>[[David Tennant]]<br>[[Matt Smith]]<br>[[Peter Capaldi]]<br>[[Jodie Whittaker]]<br>[[Ncuti Gatwa]]
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|}
{{Image|Jodie-whittaker-2018.jpg|right|250px|[[Jodie Whittaker]], the first female Doctor, at the 2018 [[San Diego Comic-Con|San Diego Comic-Con International]].}}
{{Image|Peter-capaldi-doctor-who-2014.jpg|right|250px|[[Peter Capaldi]] played the central character of ''Doctor Who'' from 2013 to 2017, portraying the Doctor as a more alien and ancient figure than his recent predecessors.}}
'''''Doctor Who''''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[science fiction|science-fiction]] [[television]] series which started in 1963 and was [[Doctor Who/2000s-|relaunched in 2005]] following its [[Doctor Who/1960s-1990s|original 26-year run]] on the [[BBC]], plus a 1996 [[television movie]]. On television and in other media, it features the adventures of a [[time travel|time-traveller]] known as the '[[Doctor Who#The Doctor|Doctor]]', who journeys through [[time]] and [[space]], righting wrongs and fighting injustice, usually accompanied by friends known to [[fan (person)|fans]] as 'companions'.


{{seealso|Doctor Who (classic series)}}
The programme has lasted since 1963 partly because the Doctor, who has an [[alien]] physiology, is able to 'regenerate' when badly injured, allowing the lead actor to be recast. As of 2022, thirteen successive actors have played the lead role in the television series, as listed in the panel on the right, with others appearing as additional Doctors and stand-ins in some programmes and in unofficial or alternative productions. His/her [[time machine]], the [[TARDIS]], is famously disguised as an old British [[police box]]<ref>In an example of how British culture has taken the programme to heart, on the occasion when [[London, United Kingdom|London]]'s [[Metropolitan Police]] challenged the BBC's ownership of the police box design, they lost as the court ruled that people associate such boxes with time machines rather than the police. See ''BBC News'': ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm BBC Wins Police Tardis Case]'', 23rd October 2002.</ref> and is bigger on the inside than out; some well-known adversaries include the [[Daleks]] - mutants inside pepperpot-shaped casings - and the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]].


'''''Doctor Who''''' is a long-running [[United Kingdom|British]] [[science fiction]] [[television]] programme (and [[Doctor Who (1996)|1996 television movie]]) produced by the [[BBC]] about the adventures of a mysterious [[time travel|time-traveller]] known as '[[Doctor (Doctor Who)|the Doctor]]', who explores [[time]] and [[space]] with his companions, righting wrongs. His time machine, the [[TARDIS]], is famously disguised as an old British [[police box]] and is bigger on the inside than out; some well-known adversaries include the [[Daleks]] - mutants inside pepperpot-shaped casings - and the Cybermen. The programme has lasted so long partly because the Doctor, as an [[alien]], is able to [[regeneration (Doctor Who)|regenerate]] his body when badly injured, allowing the lead actor to be recast.
''Doctor Who'' is executive-[[producer|produced]] by [[Russell T. Davies]], who took over from [[Chris Chibnall]] in 2022. Chibnall cast [[Jodie Whittaker]] as the first woman to play the Doctor in the official broadcast series. Her successor, [[David Tennant]], returned to the role with Davies in 2022 for three forthcoming special episodes to celebrate the programme's 60th anniversary. Tennant previously played the Doctor from 2005 to 2009, and will be succeeded by [[Ncuti Gatwa]] in 2023. Gatwa will be the first non-white actor in the lead role, and is also the first to have been born after the original series ended in 1989.


The programme is listed in the [[Guinness World Records|Guinness Book of World Records]] as the longest-running science fiction television series in the world<ref>{{cite news
Whittaker's predecessor, [[Peter Capaldi]], took over at the end of 2013, and made a short [[cameo]] in the 50th anniversary special, ''Day of the Doctor'', broadcast on 23rd November that year. Capaldi announced in January 2017 that he would step down from the role with the following special Christmas episode.
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5390372.stm
| title=Dr Who 'longest-running sci-fi'
| publisher=[[BBC News]]
| date=[[2006-09-28]]
| accessdate=2006-09-30
}}</ref><!-- NOTE: Changed based on Guinness Book of Records - see talk page--> and is also a significant part of British [[popular culture]].<ref>{{cite journal
| date= [[2006-09-14]]
| title = The end of Olde Englande: A lament for Blighty
| journal = [[The Economist]]
| volume =
| issue =
| pages =
| url = http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7912946
| accessdate = 2006-09-18
| }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title=ICONS. A Portrait of England
| url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/doctor-who
| accessdate=2007-11-10
| }}</ref> It has been recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget [[special effects]] during its original run and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]). In Britain and elsewhere, the show has become a [[cult television]] favourite on a par with ''[[Star Trek]]'' and has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series. It has received [[#Awards|recognition]] from critics and the public as one of the finest British television programmes, including a [[British Academy Television Awards|BAFTA Award]] for Best Drama Series in 2006.


The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. A [[Doctor Who (1996)|television movie]] was made in 1996, and the programme was successfully [[History of Doctor Who#The 2000s|relaunched]] in 2005, produced [[in-house]] by [[BBC Wales]]. (Some development money for the new series is contributed by the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC), which is credited as a co-producer, although they do not have creative input into the show.) ''Doctor Who'' has also spawned [[Doctor Who spin-offs|spin-offs]] in multiple media, including the current television series ''[[Torchwood]]'' and ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]''.
Currently, ''Doctor Who'' appears to have won a new generation of followers of varying ages: the UK children's magazine show ''[[Blue Peter]]'', for example, reported that their 'Design a ''Doctor Who'' Monster' competition received the largest number of entries for any such event since 1993.<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2005/08/18/23167.shtml Monster Success]''. 18th August 2005. The winning entry appeared in 2006's ''Love & Monsters'' as the fearsome 'Abzorbaloff'. Its creator, 13-year-old William Grantham, reportedly gave the seal of approval to the BBC's interpretation, though remarked that "it was supposed to be the size of a double-decker bus".</ref>


The relaunch of the programme has seen Christmas Day special episodes broadcast between series, the most recent being ''The Runaway Bride''.<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Runaway_Bride_(Doctor_Who) The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)]'', 2007.</ref> [[List of Doctor Who serials#Series 3 (2007)|Series three]] of the programme, starring [[David Tennant]] as the Doctor and [[Freema Agyeman]] as his [[:Category:Doctor Who companions|companion]] [[Martha Jones]], will follow in spring 2007 on [[BBC One]].
{{TOC|left}}


==History==
==History==
Following the programme's 1989 cancellation and failure of a 1996 American-backed movie to secure a new series, as a television programme ''Doctor Who'' remained dormant until 2003. In September of that year, BBC Television announced the in-house production of a new series after several years of unsuccessful attempts by BBC Worldwide to find backing for a feature film version. The new series retained the TARDIS and other key featurss of the original, rather than being a fundamentally new spin-off.
===1960s===
 
In the early 1960s, ''Doctor Who'' was the eventual product of a desire within the BBC to bring science fiction to the small screen. Something was also needed to plug a gap in the Saturday early evening schedules of [[sport]] and [[music]] programmes; ''Doctor Who'' was created by [[Sydney Newman]], [[Donald Wilson]] and [[C.E. Webber]], and produced by the BBC's [[drama]] department as a family viewing, intended to be [[education]]al and exciting. With [[Verity Lambert]] at the helm, [[William Hartnell]] was cast as the grandfatherly, enigmatic 'Doctor' and the series was first shown on 23rd November 1963.
The new incarnation of the series is executively-produced by writer [[Russell T. Davies]] and [[BBC Wales]] Head of Drama / [[BBC Television]] Controller of Drama Commissioning [[Julie Gardner]]. Davies had contributed to a range of ''Doctor Who'' novels published in the interim years, so brought a love of the programme to the new series as well as considerable television scriptwriting experience.
 
The new series debuted with the episode ''Rose''<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_(Doctor_Who) Rose (Doctor Who)]'', 2005.</ref> on BBC One on [[26 March]] [[2005]], and the show has since been sold to many other countries (see [[#Viewership|Viewership]]). Due to an initial lack of interest by [[United States]] networks, it only debuted on the [[Sci Fi Channel (United States)|Sci Fi Channel]] on [[17 March]] [[2006]], one year after the Canadian and UK showings. The BBC subsequently commissioned more series and Christmas specials. [[List of Doctor Who serials#Series 2 (2006)|Series 2]] in the UK was followed by ''The Runaway Bride'' in December 2006. [[List of Doctor Who serials#Series 2 (2006)|Series 2]] began airing in the US on the [[Sci Fi Channel (United States)|Sci-Fi Channel]] on [[29 September]] [[2006]], followed by the CBC on [[9 October]].
 
 
==Public consciousness==


''Doctor Who'' initially endured a rough ride, though audiences seemed positive on the whole. The series was only intended to run for a few episodes, but all that changed with the second serial - ''The Daleks''. [[Terry Nation]]'s script ushered in the mid-sixties 'Dalekmania' craze, with millions of children and not a few older viewers taking the evil Daleks to heart. The Daleks secured the show's future, and over time, appeared more regularly both in the series and in two cinematic productions starring [[Peter Cushing]]. More aliens appeared in the programme as successive production teams took the TARDIS further out into time and space.


==The Doctor==
By 1966, changes were afoot as audience ratings began to decline. If the show was to survive, a new lead actor was required; ultimately the concept of a mysterious 'renewal' process, explained as part of the TARDIS, was shown to change the Doctor's physical appearance and, to some extent, his personality. [[Patrick Troughton]] first appeared as the Doctor in 1966; over the next few weeks, it became clear that audiences were warming to his portrayal of the Doctor as a dishevelled figure with a determination to overcome the terrors of the [[universe]], and the series entered its so-called 'Monster Era', with more alien creatures appearing.
{{main|Doctor (Doctor Who)}}


The Doctor is the main character in the series: the newest episodes reveal various aspects of his character and past, but much remains mysterious. He was first played by [[Christopher Eccleston]] for one series, followed by [[David Tennant]].<ref>Other actors have also played the Doctor, though rarely more than once (see the [[list of actors who have played the Doctor]] for details).</ref>
1969 saw Troughton's departure; his final episode saw the Doctor captured and put on trial by his own people, the 'Time Lords', accused of meddling in the affairs of other races. His sentence was exile to Earth and a second change of appearance, heralding another radical change for the series.


''Warning: '''[[Spoilers]]''' follow below''
===1970s===
The early 1970s saw the first episodes of ''Doctor Who'' broadcast in colour - a move which certainly suited the flamboyant third Doctor, played by [[Jon Pertwee]] as something of a dandy. This incarnation would emphasise the Doctor's love of [[technology|technological]] wizardry and high-powered vehicles. Under outgoing producer [[Derrick Sherwin]], the series moved to an [[Earth]]-based background where the Doctor would be aided by a [[military]] organisation known as the '[[United Nations]] Intelligence Taskforce' (UNIT). However, new producer [[Barry Letts]] and script editor [[Terrance Dicks]] found the UNIT format too restrictive, and so gradually steered the Doctor's adventures to ever-lengthier forays back out into time and space. The 1970s were also the years when critics of the programme increasingly labelled the programme as too [[violence|violent]] and unsuitable for children.


[[Image:10dr19.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The ten faces of the Doctor. <small>Clockwise from top-left: [[William Hartnell]], [[Patrick Troughton]], [[Jon Pertwee]], [[Tom Baker]], [[Peter Davison]], [[Colin Baker]], [[Sylvester McCoy]], [[Paul McGann]], [[Christopher Eccleston]] and [[David Tennant]]</small>]]<!-- FAIR USE of 10dr19.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10dr19.jpg for rationale -->
In 1974, Pertwee moved on, and was succeeded by [[Tom Baker]], then the youngest actor to take on the part. At 40, Baker would go on to become the best-remembered Doctor to date, playing the role for a record seven years and depicting the Doctor as a more 'bohemian' figure, usually clad in a long coat, wide-brimmed hat and trademark scarf. By this time, ''Doctor Who'' was a mainstay of Saturday-evening entertainment, regularly pulling in over ten million viewers a week, and towards the end of the decade had become notably more [[humour]]-driven and aimed at younger viewers. Change, as ever, was just around the corner.


In ''Rose'' the viewer is introduced to what appears to be a leather-jacketed man of action, mid-way through a conflict with a creature known as the Nestene. It becomes clear that he is not a human being, and that he travels in time and space in a machine disguised as a 1950s police telephone box; one which is nevertheless fantastically bigger on the inside. This story also reveals that he is also the last of his own people, who were otherwise destroyed in a great battle known as the 'Time War'.<ref>See Wikipedia articles on the '[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_War_(Doctor_Who) Time War]'.</ref> Throughout this season of adventures, it is emphasised that this individual is "damaged"<ref>In Russell T. Davies's words.</ref> by his experiences, which make him somewhat unpredictable.
{{Image|Doctorwho-castandcrew-1983.jpg|left|350px|Cast and crew of ''Doctor Who'' reunited at a 1983 fan convention celebrating 20 years of the programme. Clockwise from top left: [[Tom Baker]] (fourth Doctor), [[John Nathan-Turner]] (1980s producer), [[Patrick Troughton]] (second Doctor), [[Peter Davison]] (fifth Doctor), and [[Jon Pertwee]] (third Doctor); with 'companion' actors [[Sarah Sutton]], [[Mark Strickson]], [[Carole Ann Ford]], [[Elisabeth Sladen]] and [[Janet Fielding]].}}
===1980s===
[[John Nathan-Turner]] became the producer of ''Doctor Who'' in 1980, at the time of Baker's final season. 'JN-T' would go on to produce the programme right through the 1980s, and in 1981 cast the well-known actor [[Peter Davison]] as Baker's much younger successor. Nathan-Turner was determined to court the series' fans by bringing back old adversaries, and also introduced more unconventional companions that were a sharp contrast with the mostly female, human occupants that until then had made up the majority of TARDIS travellers.


The Doctor's physiology is rather different from humans; the first series reveals he has two [[heart]]s, for example, and he is also capable of physical and mental feats beyond those of an ordinary human. The most spectacular of these, as shown at the conclusion of the final story of the new ''Doctor Who'''s first year, is his ability to regenerate - what he calls a trick for "cheating death". His body fatally injured in the course of saving his companion Rose's life, she and the viewer witness a tremendous burst of energy released from his body, and his features melt into those of a new individual - the Doctor's present incarnation, portrayed by [[David Tennant]].
Davison would ultimately decide that three years was enough, and Nathan-Turner again had to find a replacement, casting [[Colin Baker]] in 1984. Baker played a loud and unashamedly arrogant sixth Doctor, and would ultimately complete only two seasons. The BBC considered ''Doctor Who'' vulnerable against competition on other channels, and possibly too [[violence|violent]]. Creative differences among the production team reached a low point at this stage. A decision was taken in 1985 to 'suspend' ''Doctor Who'', with effect from early 1986, but a fan campaign backed up by the [[media]] ensured its return in late 1987, with Sylvester McCoy in the role. McCoy's early clownish seventh Doctor became much darker and manipulative under the direction of script editor [[Andrew Cartmel]]; this era of the show also encouraged young and inexperienced writers, leading to some of the most innovative but controversial stories of the original series. By 1989, however, ratings had declined once more, and this time no media campaign backed the series when it was quietly killed off after 26 years.


It is quickly established that this new person is the same character, physically different and with some new personality quirks, but still the same intensely curious and highly moral adventurer, who would rather solve problems with his wits than through violence.  
{{Image|Earls-court-london-police-box.jpg|left|150px|[[Police box]] mounted with a modern surveillance camera located outside [[Earl's Court]] tube station in [[London, United Kingdom|London]]. The [[TARDIS]] exterior has been based on this design since the first episode of ''Doctor Who'' in 1963.}}


Other aspects of the Doctor's life remain less clear. There are suggestions of romantic feelings towards both Rose and others,<ref>e.g. Reinette in the 2006 adventure ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Girl_in_the_Fireplace The Girl in the Fireplace]'', (Wikipedia).</ref> but the his personal relationships are never humanlike. Though in the 2006 episode ''Fear Her'',<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_Her Fear Her]'', 2006.</ref> it is revealed that he was once a father, this series reveals nothing more of what family he may have had.
===1990s===
''Doctor Who'' survived throughout the 1990s as a series of original novels produced by [[Virgin Publishing]], and later the BBC. In 1996, the Doctor returned to the small screen in a U.S.-backed TV movie which saw McCoy hand over to [[Paul McGann]]. The production fared well among UK audiences, but was poorly scheduled in [[North America]] and ultimately it failed to go to a series. McGann's Doctor was a gentler figure than his predecessor, and his adventures continued in print, in audio recordings, on [[radio]] and in [[comic]]s into the twenty-first century, before he returned in a short 50th-anniversary production, ''The Night of the Doctor'', in 2013.


==Companions==
===2000s===
Following the programme's 1989 cancellation and failure of the 1996 TV movie to secure a new series, the return of the show in 2005 was largely due to the persistence of the Controller of BBC One at the time, [[Lorraine Heggessey]],<ref>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/columnists/story/0,,368725,00.html Born in 1956], Heggessey was amongst the first generation of BBC executives and ''Doctor Who'' contributors who had actually grown up with the original programme.</ref> backed by the Controller of Drama Commissioning at the time, [[Jane Tranter]],<ref>''BAFTA'': '[http://www.bafta.org/learning/webcasts/in-conversation-with-jane-tranter,598,BA.html In conversation with Jane Tranter]'. 30th September 2008.</ref> and [[Mal Young]], the Controller of Continuing Drama Series. The lack of support for further films had finally convinced the BBC that an [[in-house]] series was the best way to secure the future of the programme.<ref>''[[Daily Telegraph]]'': '[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/09/26/nwho26.xml Doctor Who ready to come out of the Tardis for Saturday TV series]' 26th September 2003.</ref> The 'new series' retained the TARDIS and other key features of the original 'classic series'. Going into production in 2004, it was executive-produced by writer [[Russell T. Davies]] and [[BBC Wales]] Head of Drama/BBC Television Controller of Drama Commissioning [[Julie Gardner]]. Davies cast the highly-experienced actor [[Christopher Eccleston]] as the Doctor, who declined to appear in a second run of adventures, leading Davies to cast [[David Tennant]] as the tenth Doctor, a role he relinquished in 2009 (his last appearance was broadcast on New Year's Day, 2010, but was of course recorded earlier).


''Warning: '''[[Spoilers]]''' follow below''
===2010s===
After four series and several specials, Davies left the programme in the hands of Steven Moffat, a frequent writer for the series, who was made executive producer from series five onwards. Moffat cast first Matt Smith to play the Doctor,<ref>''BBC News'': '[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7808697.stm New Doctor actor is youngest ever ]'. 4th January 2009.</ref> then Peter Capaldi. Chris Chibnall replaced succeeded Moffat in 2018 and decided to cast the first woman in the role, Jodie Whittaker.


[[Image:Marthajones.jpg|180px|thumb|[[Freema Agyeman]] appears as the Doctor's newest companion, [[Martha Jones]].]]<!-- FAIR USE of Marthajones.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marthajones.jpg for rationale -->
===2020s===
The Doctor is initially travelling alone, but former London shop assistant Rose Tyler ([[Billie Piper]]) joins him at the close of the opening adventure, with others appearing later. It becomes clear that the Doctor's new friends were not the first to join him in the TARDIS, but so far only two of his 'companions' from the past have appeared,<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_Reunion_(Doctor_Who) School Reunion]'', 2006.</ref> and others have not been discussed. Though the relationship between the Doctor and Rose is initially rocky, they come to trust and rely on each other through experience; her departure in 2006's ''Doomsday''<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_(Doctor_Who) Doomsday]'', 2006.</ref> seemed to affect the Doctor deeply.
The new series had already been thinned out by years off, and this was exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Whittaker left in 2022, with two new Doctors announced to succeed her: David Tennant again for three 60th-anniversary specials, followed by Ncuti Gatwa.


In terms of programme-making, the idea of having a companion is to provide a [[audience surrogate|surrogate]] with whom the audience can identify and to further the story by asking questions and getting into trouble. Any kind of intimate relationship is out: the series played with this idea by having various characters think that the Doctor and Rose were a couple, which they vehemently denied.
==Characters==
===The Doctor===
{{Image|David-tennant-2009-doctor10.jpg|right|200px|From 2005 to 2010, the Doctor was played by [[David Tennant]], who brought a buccaneering and stylish emphasis to the role.}}
The Doctor is the main character in the series, but "information" is fragmentary and sometimes apparently contradictory. In real life these contradictions may be explained as script writers or editors not knowing or not caring what had been said in previous episodes. In-universe explanations include the emphatic statement by River Song, (apparently) his fourth wife, that "The Doctor lies." Various aspects of his/her character and past have been revealed, but much remains mysterious. Even their name remains an enigma; he has variously introduced himself as Doctor Caligari (''The Gunfighters'', 1966), Doctor von Wer (''The Highlanders'', 1966) and Doctor John Smith (various stories, 1970 on), and signed a letter Doctor W (''The Underwater Menace'', 1967). A fellow Time Lord addresses him as Thete (''The Armageddon Factor'', 1978; actually, as that Time Lord talks with a Cockney accent, this is pronounced Fee', with a glottal stop), which is later explained as derived from a nickname (''The Happiness Patrol'', 1988). In the dialogue he has only once been referred to as Doctor Who (''The War Machines'', 1966). Despite this, the character is usually referred to as 'Doctor Who' in the media, and indeed the programme's end credits included 'Who' for the first four Doctors and the Ninth, with just "The Doctor" for the others. Also on screen appeared the episode title "The death of Doctor Who" (1966) and the serial title ''Doctor Who and the Silurians'' (1970). A few explanations for the title have been presented over the years, such as the Doctor obtaining various [[doctorate]]s (e.g. ''The Armageddon Factor'', 1978). It is unclear whether they are a [[medicine|medical]] [[doctor (physician)|doctor]] or not, and early on he referred to himself as a [[science|scientist]] and [[engineering|engineer]], "a builder of things" (''The Aztecs'', 1964).


From the beginning of the 2007 series, [[Freema Agyeman]] will play [[Martha Jones]], the Doctor's next ongoing companion.<ref>{{cite press release | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/05/agyeman2.shtml | title = Freema Agyeman confirmed as new companion to Doctor Who | publisher = BBC |date= [[2006-07-05]]|accessdate = 2006-07-05}}</ref> Apart from her name, the casting of family members and the information that she will be a medical student, no details are currently available about her character.
In ''The Timeless Children'' (2020), much back-story was apparently revealed. It now starts with the discovery of a little girl of unknown alien origin with the power of regeneration, known as the Timeless Child. This power is transplanted into inhabitants of Gallifrey. The Child had many incarnations before his first appearance in the series as the Doctor but his memory was wiped and his regeneration as a boy therefore thought himself the first. This suggests that the family he grew up in, and mentions various "facts" about, is not his real one. His statement that he was half-human on his mother's side seems to be corroborated by the Master's finding that his DNA is half human, however.


==Adversaries==
It has been confirmed on a number of occasions that the Doctor had children and grandchildren, including his grand-daughter, Susan (''An Unearthly Child'', 1963), who was travelling with him in the TARDIS in the start of the programme. Although a previous marriage might be considered implicit in the existence of a grand-daughter, it is not explicitly mentioned until ''Blink'' (2007). Since that episode, the Doctor says, he has been married to Queen Elizabeth I of England (''The End of Time'', 2009; confirmed in ''The Day of the Doctor'', 2013), and taken part in a legally invalid marriage ceremony with Marilyn Monroe (''A Christmas Carol'', 2010), and he is the bridegroom in the episode ''The Wedding of River Song'' (2011). In ''Death in Heaven'' (2014), his companion Clara, trying to convince a Cyberman that she is the Doctor, says she (he) has been married four times and had children and grandchildren.


''Warning: '''[[Spoilers]]''' follow below''
{{Image|Matt-smith-2010-doctor11.jpg|left|150px|[[Matt Smith]] portrayed the Doctor as a professorial eccentric from 2010 to 2013.}}
Over the course of the programme's first few years, it becomes clear that the Doctor is not a human being, though in the 1990s and later, it was shown that he may have some human roots (''Doctor Who'', 1996), and that he is also able to become human (''Human Nature'', 2007). From 1969's ''The War Games'', the Doctor's own people, the Time Lords, appeared regularly in the show, but in the 2005- production it was suggested that they had been destroyed in a 'Time War' with the Daleks, the Doctor's greatest adversaries. However, the series elaborates that the War exists 'time-locked' in another realm from which it is possible to escape.


:''See also: [[List of Doctor Who monsters and aliens]], [[List of Doctor Who villains]]''
The Doctor's physiology is rather different from humans: most spectacularly, as first shown at the conclusion of 1966's ''[[Doctor Who/Video#'First Doctor regenerates'|The Tenth Planet]]'', is his ability to 'regenerate' - what he calls a "renewal" (''The Power of the Daleks'', 1966) or a trick for "cheating death" (''The Parting of the Ways'', 2005). In the latter story, for example, the viewer witness a tremendous burst of energy released from his body, and his features melt into those of a new individual - the Doctor's tenth incarnation, portrayed by David Tennant. It is quickly established that this new person is the same character, physically different and with some new personality quirks, but still the same adventurer (''The Christmas Invasion'', 2006). The process occurs again in the final episode of the tenth Doctor's era, this time shown capable of actually damaging the TARDIS as the Doctor regenerates into the form of Matt Smith (''The End of Time'', 2010). The programme established in 1977's ''The Deadly Assassin'' that only twelve regenerations are possible, giving thirteen incarnations, but both ''The Five Doctors'' (1983) and ''The Time of the Doctor'' (2013) show that the Time Lords can bestow a fresh cycle of regenerations. The Capaldi incarnation was the first in a new cycle for the Doctor, since [[John Hurt]]'s was revealed to have been the ninth incarnation in ''Day of the Doctor'' (2013) and David Tennant's used a regeneration while managing to keep the same persona in ''Journey's End'' (2008).
[[Image:Daleknew.jpg|thumb|180px|The [[Dalek]]s are perhaps the best-known adversaries faced by the Doctor.]]<!-- FAIR USE of Daleknew.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Daleknew.jpg for rationale -->


In ''Doctor Who'', the universe is a dangerous place. A frequently occurring theme is that of various alien races attempting to conquer the Earth or otherwise threatening the human race,<ref>A new, enforced guideline for the new series so far is that all stories must involve humanity in some way.</ref> only to be foiled by the Doctor. Perhaps the best-known example of this in the new series concerns the attempts of the Slitheen family to take over the planet and sell it for scrap.<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliens_of_London Aliens of London]'' and ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Three_(Doctor_Who) World War Three]'' 2005.</ref> Other villians appearing include the [[Auton]]s (''Rose''), the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]] (in the 2006 series) and Cassandra, the last human being alive five billion years in the future.<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_the_World_(Doctor_Who) The End of the World]'', 2005; ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Earth New Earth]'', 2006.</ref>
Dialogue in ''The Doctor's Wife'' (2011) implied that Time Lords can change sex when they regenerate, and this was confirmed by the appearance of a female incarnation of the Master in ''Dark Water'' (2014). At present, the Doctor is female.


Of all the monsters and villains, the best-known in the series and wider UK culture are the [[Dalek]]s: deadly mutants in tank-like mechanical armour from the planet [[Skaro]]. Envisaged as representing the [[Nazis]], their best-known characteristic is frequently screaming ''"Exterminate!"'' at anything un-Dalek. They Daleks have appeared several times in the new series, firstly in ''Dalek'',<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalek_(Doctor_Who_episode) Dalek]'', 2005.</ref> where it appears that only one individual had survived a previous encounter with their nemesis, the Doctor (known in Skaroene lore as 'The Oncoming Storm'<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Parting_of_the_Ways The Parting of the Ways]'', 2005.</ref>).
===Companions===
The Doctor rarely travels the universe alone, and many of their friends or 'companions' have shared their adventures over the years. The very first, Susan, was actually his grand-daughter, with her two human teachers completing the first TARDIS crew. Through curiosity, being rescued or taking up an offer to see the universe, many others followed over the years. In the 1970s, the Doctor was 'exiled' to Earth by his own people for a time, and became a reluctant member of UNIT, a special taskforce set up to counter alien threats. This 'UNIT family' memorably included [[Nicholas Courtney]] as its commanding officer, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Other well-remembered companions of the 1970s included the accident-prone UNIT agent Jo Grant ([[Katy Manning]]), the leather-clad savage Leela ([[Louise Jameson]]), and Sarah Jane Smith, a [[journalism|journalist]] played by [[Elisabeth Sladen]].


From 2005 onwards, the Doctor is initially travelling alone, but former London shop assistant Rose Tyler ([[Billie Piper]]) joins him at the close of the opening adventure, with others appearing later, and also characters who fulfilled the companion role for just one story. Steven Moffat introduced Amy Pond, played by [[Karen Gillan]], initially as a young girl whose life was a mysterious time-altered jumble, with an increasing role for [[Arthur Darvill]] as Rory Williams, later Amy's husband. 2012 saw the introduction of Clara, played by [[Jenna Coleman]];<ref>The actress was credited as Jenna-Louise Coleman in earlier appearances but has now changed her stage name.</ref> her successor, [[Pearl Mackie]] as Bill, was announced in 2016.


==Music==
{{Image|Dalek-2010.jpg|right|200px|The [[Dalek]]s are terrifying, [[Nazi]]-inspired creatures. Though the design has changed little since their first appearance in 1963, this larger-than-usual and somewhat cartoonish redesigned version of 2010 proved controversial with some fans. The front appendages include an eyestalk, interface device that uncannily resembles a sink plunger, and an exterminating weapon.}}


For the new series in 2005, [[Murray Gold]] provided a new arrangement which featured samples from the 1963 original with further elements added. A soundtrack CD of Gold's music for the new series was released on [[4 December]] [[2006]] by Silva Screen Records.<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/07/17/33953.shtml Who soundtrack soon]''. 11th November 2006.</ref>. Gold also created a variation on his arrangement for the closing credits of ''The Christmas Invasion'', which was performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales. Unlike his arrangement for the 2005 series, this version restored the '[[middle eight]]'; it was also used for the closing credits of the 2006 series.
===Villains===
In ''Doctor Who'', the universe is a dangerous place. A frequently occurring theme is that of various alien races attempting to conquer the Earth or otherwise threatening the human race, only to be foiled by the Doctor.  


==Viewership==
Best-known villains in the series and wider UK culture are the '[[Dalek]]s', mutants inside metallic pepperpot-like casings equipped with a gun and an appendage not unlike a [[sink plunger]]. Envisaged as representing the [[Nazism|Nazis]], their best-known characteristic is frequently screaming ''"Exterminate!"'' at anything un-Dalek prior to destroying anything that gets in their way of eliminating all life other than that which is Dalek. They have appeared numerous times in the series.
[[Image:3doctardis.jpg|right|thumb|180px|The image of the [[TARDIS]] is iconic in British popular culture.]]<!-- FAIR USE of 3doctardis.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:3doctardis.jpg for rationale -->
''Doctor Who'' has always appeared on the BBC's mainstream [[BBC One]] channel, drawing audiences of many millions of viewers. The BBC One broadcast of ''[[Rose (Doctor Who)|Rose]]'', the first episode of the 2005 revival, drew an average audience of 10.81 million, third highest for BBC One that week and seventh across all channels. The 2005 series had an average audience of 7.95 million viewers, and the 2006 series achieved an average audience of about 7.71 million in the context of declining year-to-year viewership for all television channels. The episode ''[[Rise of the Cybermen]]'' managed sixth place in the charts across the week with 9.22 million viewers.<ref>Spilsbury, T.: 'Public Image'. ''Doctor Who Magazine'' #373:8, 13th September 2006.</ref>


The programme has been widely sold abroad, both in the [[English language|English]]-speaking world and further afield with dubbing or subtitling.<ref>As of October 2006, the new series has been, or is currently, broadcast weekly in [[Australia]] ([[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]), [[Belgium]] ([[Één TV Station|één]]), [[Brazil]] ([[People+Arts]]), [[Canada]] (in English on CBC and in French on [[Ztélé]]), [[Denmark]] ([[Danmarks Radio]]), [[Finland]] ([[Yleisradio|TV2]]), [[France]] ([[France 4]]), [[Hong Kong]] ([[Asia Television Limited|ATV World]]), [[Hungary]] ([[RTL Klub]]-owned COOL TV), [[Israel]] ([[Yes Weekend]]), [[Italy]] ([[Jimmy (Italian television channel)|Jimmy]]), [[Japan]] ([[BS-2]], a channel of [[NHK]]), [[Malaysia]] ([[Astro (satellite TV)|Astro Network]]), the [[Netherlands]] ([[Nederland 3|NED 3]]), [[New Zealand]] ([[Prime Television New Zealand|Prime TV]]), [[Norway]] ([[Norsk Rikskringkasting|NRK]]), [[Poland]] ([[TVP 1]]), [[Portugal]] ([[People+Arts]]), [[Russia]] ([[STS TV]]), [[Spain]] and [[Latin America]] ([[People+Arts]]), [[South Korea]] ([[Korean Broadcasting System|KBS]]), the [[United States]] ([[Sci Fi Channel (United States)|Sci Fi Channel]] and [[BBC America]]), [[Greece]] ([[Skai TV]]), [[Style UK]] (part of [[Showtime Arabia]]) for the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], and the [[Levant]] territories. The series has also been sold to, but not yet shown in, [[Germany]] ([[Pro 7]]), [[Sweden]] ([[Sveriges Television|SVT]]) and [[Romania]] ([[Televiziunea Română|TVR]]).</ref> The [[Japanese language|Japanese]] version, for example, includes a new logo in the native [[katakana]] writing system: ドクター・フー (''Dokutaa Huu'')<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/06/30/33368.shtml Turning Japanese]''. 30th Jine 2006.</ref>.
The other villains appearing comparable numbers of times are the Master (a fellow, evil Time Lord; also known as Missy, short for Mistress, in a female regeneration) and the [[Cyberman|Cybermen]].


The series has been released on [[DVD]] as both boxed sets of the first two seasons, with extras including a documentary for most episodes, and as single no-frills discs, for both [[Region 1]] and [[Region 2]] players. The 2005 series is also available in its entirety on [[Universal Media Disc|UMD]] for the [[PlayStation Portable]].
Until recently the Daleks regularly topped the polls for the most "popular" enemy. In recent polls, however, they have been overtaken by the Weeping Angels, who first appeared in 2007.


==Format==
==Format==
Each series consists of thirteen 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes with adverts on commercial channels overseas). This includes three two-parters and a loose story arc per season whose elements are brought together in the season finale. Like the original serial format, two-part episodes have separate titles. From series two, the regular characters have been largely absent from one episode so the leads can concentrate on filming others; this led to criticism of the first 'Doctor-lite' adventure, 2006's ''Love and Monsters''.<ref>Wikipedia: ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_&_Monsters Love & Monsters]''</ref>
For most of its 1963-1989 run, ''Doctor Who'' was broadcast in 25-minute episodes, with few exceptions. Initially the programme ran for most of the year, with only a few weeks' break between seasons. Over the decades, the number of episodes each year was reduced; about 26 was the norm for some years, though by the end of the 1980s this had fallen to 14. From 1966, each story had only one title, but originally individual episodes had separate titles, leading to considerable fan debate over what the overall titles for some of these early serials are. The very first story, for instance, is commonly known and marketed by the BBC as ''An Unearthly Child'', which strictly speaking was only the title of the very first episode. Internal production documents have led some fans to conclude that the 'true' title is ''100,000 BC''.<ref>Research publications by David J. Howe, Mark Stammers and Stephen J. Walker hold to these behind-the-scenes titles, for example.</ref>
 
''Doctor Who'', having already completed 724 episodes, will surpass the number of individual instalments of the ''[[Star Trek]]'' franchise (726 episodes over five programmes) during the 2007 series.
 
The current series is filmed in 576i25 [[Betacam#Digital Beta|DigiBeta]] widescreen format and then [[filmizing|filmised]] to give a 25p image in post-production using a Snell and Wilcox Alchemist Platinum.
 
 
==Fandom==
 
''Doctor Who'' has amassed a large number of fans<ref>The term 'Whovian' (similar to [[Trekkie]] for [[Star Trek]]) is often used by the press to refer to ''Doctor Who'' fans, although the term is not often used by fans themselves.</ref> from all over the world, and appears to have won a new generation of followers of varying ages: the UK children's magazine show ''Blue Peter'' reported that their 'Design a ''Doctor Who'' Monster' competition received the largest number of entries for any such event since [[1993]].<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2005/08/18/23167.shtml Monster Success]''. 18th August 2005. The winning entry appeared in 2006's 'Love & Monsters' as the fearsome 'Abzorbaloff'. Its creator, 13-year-old William Grantham, reportedly gave the seal of approval to the BBC's interpretation, though remarked that "it was supposed to be the size of a double-decker bus".</ref> The series is more a mainstream part of [[popular culture]] in its native UK, where it is regarded as a family show and is shown on the main public service broadcasting channel, [[BBC One]]. In an example of how British culture has taken the programme to heart, on the occasion when London's Metropolitan Police challenged the BBC's ownership of the [[police box]] design, they lost as the court ruled that people associate such boxes with time machines rather than the police.<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm BBC Wins Police Tardis Case]''. 23rd October 2002.</ref>
 
Celebrity fans include comedians [[Jon Culshaw]], [[David Walliams]]<ref>''[http://www.davidwalliams.com/drwho.htm davidwalliams.com]''. Walliams appeared as the programme's creator, Sydney Newman, in a 1999 sketch with [[Mark Gatiss]].</ref>, [[Mitch Benn]], [[Peter Kay]] (who appeared in ''Love & Monsters''), [[Mark Gatiss]] (writer of several episodes, who also appears in the third series), [[Stewart Lee]] and [[Matt Lucas]], cricketers [[Mike Gatting]] and [[Graham Gooch]], singer and actress [[Toyah Willcox]], [[Cedric Bixler-Zavala]] of [[the Mars Volta]], singer [[Meat Loaf]], Simpsons creator [[Matt Groening]], graphic novelist and fantasy writer [[Neil Gaiman]], horror novelist [[Brian Keene]], and science-fiction writer and critic [[Harlan Ellison]].
 
 
==Adaptations and other appearances==
 
===Torchwood===
 
Following the success of the 2005 series produced by Russell T. Davies, the BBC commissioned Davies to produce a 13-part spin-off series titled ''[[Torchwood]]'' (an [[anagram]] of "Doctor Who"), set in modern-day Wales and investigating alien activities and crime. The series debuted on [[BBC Three]] on [[22 October]] [[2006]]. [[John Barrowman]] reprises his role of [[Jack Harkness]] from the 2005 series of ''Doctor Who''. <ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4349120.stm Doctor Who spin-off made in Wales]''. 17th October 2005.</ref> [[Eve Myles]], who was in the 2005 ''Doctor Who'' episode ''[[The Unquiet Dead]]'', and [[Naoko Mori]] (''Aliens of London'') also star, the latter reprising her role as Dr Toshiko Sato.<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/02/24/29846.shtml Team Torchwood]''. 24th February 2006.</ref>
 
===The Sarah Jane Adventures===


''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'', starring Elisabeth Sladen as Sarah Jane Smith, has been developed by [[CBBC]]; a special aired on New Year's Day 2007, and a full series will follow later in 2007.<ref>{{cite press release
Episodes of 'new series' ''Doctor Who'' run for about 45 minutes, except for special (usually Christmas) adventures broadcast between series (or, in one recent case, in the middle of a series). Two- and three-episode stories usually have separate titles for each episode, just as in 1963-6. However, whereas stories from 1963-6 are commonly referred to by overall titles (though as just noted not always the same ones), this is not usually done with the recent stories; instead they are usually named by just concatenating their episode titles, e.g. ''Utopia''/''The Sound of Drums''/''Last of the Time Lords''. The increasingly involuted nature of plot arcs over the course of the new series has resulted in increasing disagreement among secondary sources on the grouping of episodes into stories. Since series two, the regular characters have had a reduced role in one or more episodes so the leads can concentrate on filming others.
| title =Russell T Davies creates new series for CBBC, starring Doctor Who's Sarah Jane Smith
| publisher =[[BBC]]
|date=[[2006-09-14]]
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/09_september/14/sarah.shtml
| accessdate =2006-09-14 }}</ref>


===Other episodes===
==Music and titles==
The theme music for ''Doctor Who'' changed little for the first 17 years of the original series's run: composed by [[Ron Grainer]] and realised by [[Delia Derbyshire]] of the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]], this example of [[electronic music]] played over the original series titles, which were achieved using a [[howl-round]] visual effect. For the new series, a new arrangement was produced by [[Murray Gold]], whose predecessors on the original series included [[Peter Howell]], who created a faster, more dramatic version for the period 1980-1985; [[Dominic Glynn]] (1986); and [[Keff McCulloch]] (1987-1989). The 1996 film also had new theme music.


A new K-9 children's series, ''[[K-9 Adventures]]'', is in development, but not by the BBC.<ref>[[BBC]]: ''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4939144.stm Doctor Who dog K9 gets spin-off]''. 26th July 2006.</ref>
==International distribution==
''Doctor Who'' was made available for broadcast outside the UK from the outset, and it is thanks to film copies sent to other countries that many early episodes now survive, since the original tapes were wiped for re-use. Some of these episodes were cut to conform with broadcasting standards in other nations, e.g. to remove [[violence]]. Several stories were sold to [[Arabic language|Arabic]]-speaking countries in the 1960s, with Arabic dubbing. Dubbed versions of adventures were also shown in other countries until the end of the programme in 1989, e.g. in [[French language|French]] and [[German language|German]]. The revived series has been distributed globally, and the BBC sought to build on these new markets by launching a 'global tour' to introduce Peter Capaldi's Doctor in 2014. This involved advanced screenings of Capaldi's first story plus Q&A sessions with the main stars, and took in [[Cardiff]], [[Seoul]], [[Sydney]], [[New York, New York|New York]], [[Mexico City]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>''DoctorWho.tv'': '[http://www.doctorwho.tv/worldtour/ Doctor Who: The World Tour]. Accessed 21st August 2014.</ref>


One episode of ''Doctor Who'' which was not broadcast as part of the new series was an untitled seven-minute feature, set in the immediate aftermath of ''[[The Parting of the Ways]]'' and leading directly into ''[[The Christmas Invasion]]'', shown as part of the ''Children in Need'' [[telethon]]. Unlike other 'charity' episodes made before the 2005 comeback, this episode forms part of the official continuity 'canon'.
==Spin-offs and alternative adventures==
{{Image|K-9.jpg|right|300px|The robot dog [[K-9 (robot dog)|K-9]] [[Doctor_Who/Video#'K9 plays chess'|appeared in ''Doctor Who'']] and several spin-offs.}}
The original series had only one spin-off, which did not survive beyond its 1981 pilot. ''K-9 and Company'' starred [[Elisabeth Sladen]] and [[John Leeson]], reprising their roles as former companions Sarah Jane Smith and [[K-9 (robot dog)|K-9]] (a [[robot]] [[dog]] voiced by Leeson; they had never appeared together in the series, though they did so subsequently). The new series has seen two spin-off dramas, ''[[Torchwood]]'' (2006-), starring [[John Barrowman]], and ''The Sarah Jane Adventures'' (2007-2011) starring Elisabeth Sladen with appearances by K9, once again voiced by John Leeson. Like Sladen and Leeson, Barrowman appeared as a 'companion' in ''Doctor Who'' itself, starring as Captain Jack Harkness from 2005's ''The Empty Child'' onwards. ''Torchwood'' sees Harkness leading a team trying to prevent alien incursions via a 'time rift' running through present day Cardiff, while the ''Sarah Jane Adventures'' followed the adventures of investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith. The latter production aired on [[Children's BBC]] with an intended audience of younger fans, while ''Torchwood'' was presented as a post-9 p.m. 'adult' take on the affairs of the ''Doctor Who'' universe. A third spin-off, this time starring K-9 in an independent UK-Australia co-production, ''[[K-9 (TV series)|K-9]]'', first aired in 2010.


Several shorter adventures have also appeared as part of charity events and the [[Proms]], a long-standing evening of music at the [[Royal Albert Hall]]. 2005 saw the immediate aftermath of the Doctor's regeneration into the form of David Tennant broadcast as part of the long-running charity event ''[[Children in Need]]''. Similarly, a second short ''Children in Need'' adventure, ''Time Crash'' (2007), contributed to the series' continuity.


===Merchandise===
The Doctor also appeared in ''The Music of the Spheres'' as part of the 2008 Proms, in an 'interactive' adventure which saw the TARDIS linked to the Royal Albert Hall via a hole in time and space through which an evil 'Graske' emerged to threaten the audience. This was the Graske's second appearance in what has become a significant run of extra adventures available on digital channels or the internet, the first being ''Attack of the Graske'' in 2005.
{{main|Doctor Who merchandise}}
Since its beginnings, ''Doctor Who'' has generated many hundreds of products related to the show, from [[toy]]s and [[game]]s to collectible [[picture card]]s and [[postage stamp]]s. These include [[board game]]s, [[card game]]s, [[gamebook]]s, [[computer game]]s and [[action figure]]s.


Many games have been released that feature the [[Dalek]]s. See [[Dalek#Computer games|Dalek computer games]].
===Other media===
In the 1960s, Terry Nation was unable to launch a U.S. spin-off series starring his creations, the Daleks, but they twice appeared on the big screen. Two televised adventures of ''Doctor Who'' were remade for the cinema: ''Doctor Who and the Daleks'' (1965) and ''Daleks: Invasion Earth 2150AD'' (1966) starred Peter Cushing as 'Doctor Who', an elderly human scientist who had invented a time machine. These two films, which were not part of the television series's continuity, did well at a time when 'Dalekmania' was at its height.


==Awards==
Nearly all the stories broadcast up to 1996 have been novelised, and annuals containing new stories appeared in print from early in the programme's broadcast history, as did comic strips. In the 1990s two new stories were broadcast on BBC radio (out of sequence: they featured the 3rd Doctor), though one of them actually appeared after its novelization as a result of delays.  
The revived series has received particular recognition from critics and the public.  In 2005, at the [[National Television Awards]] (voted on by members of the British public), ''Doctor Who'' won "Most Popular Drama", Christopher Eccleston won "Most Popular Actor" and Billie Piper won "Most Popular Actress".  The series and Piper repeated their wins at the 2006 National Television Awards, and David Tennant won "Most Popular Actor".<ref>{{cite news
| title = Dr Who scores TV awards hat-trick
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6104048.stm
| work = [[BBC News]]
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
|date= [[2006-10-31]]
| accessdate = 2006-10-31
}}</ref> A scene from ''[[The Doctor Dances]]'' won "Golden Moment" in the BBC's "2005 TV Moments" awards,<ref>{{cite web
| year =December 2005
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/tvmoments/winners.shtml
| title =2005 TV Moments
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> and ''Doctor Who'' swept all the categories in [[BBC.co.uk]]'s online "Best of Drama" poll in both 2005<ref>{{cite web
| year =December 2005
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/bestof2005/
| title =Drama Best of 2005
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> and 2006.<ref>{{cite web
| year =January 2007
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/bestof2006/
| title =Drama Best of 2006
| publisher =[[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2007-01-16
}}</ref> The programme also won the ''[[Broadcast magazine|Broadcast Magazine]]'' Award for Best Drama.<ref>{{cite web
| year =[[2006-01-26]]
| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/01/26/29141.shtml
| title =Doctor Who wins Broadcast Award
| publisher = [[bbc.co.uk]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| year =2006
| url =http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/awards/content_frames.asp?content=winners
| title =2006 Winners
| publisher =[[Broadcast magazine|Broadcast Magazine]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref> Eccleston was awarded the TV Quick and TV Choice award for Best Actor in 2005; in the same awards in 2006 Tennant won Best Actor, Piper won Best Actress and ''Doctor Who'' won Best-Loved Drama.<ref>{{cite news
|title = Street is best soap at TV awards
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4218078.stm
|work = [[BBC News]]
|date= [[2005-09-06]]
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|title = Doctor Who lands three TV awards
|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5314890.stm
|work = [[BBC News]]
|date= [[2006-09-05]]
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
}}</ref>


''Doctor Who'' was nominated in the Best Drama Series category at the 2006 [[Royal Television Society]] awards,<ref>{{cite news
A stage play, ''Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday'', starring [[Trevor Martin]], played in the  early 1970s, and another theatrical adventure appeared as ''The Ultimate Adventure'' in 1989. Jon Pertwee reprised his role for the play's first run, and later shows featured [[Colin Baker]] as the Doctor. Baker and his co-star on the original series, [[Nicola Bryant]], also appeared in a ''Doctor Who'' radio drama, ''Slipback'', in 1985. The 1980s also saw a series of documentary films from [[Reeltime Pictures]], as well as independent productions licensed to use certain characters from ''Doctor Who'', the first being ''Wartime'' in 1987. Among others, ''Shakedown: Return of the Sontarans'' (1994) was a new outing for a classic ''Doctor Who'' race of villains, and this was followed by ''Downtime'' (1995), which saw the return of the Yeti, a 1960s monster.
  | url=http://media.guardian.co.uk/broadcast/story/0,,1714821,00.html
  | title=RTS Programme Awards - Nominations
  | publisher=[[The Guardian]]
  |date=[[2006-02-21]]
  | accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref> but lost to [[BBC Three]]'s medical drama ''[[Bodies (TV series)|Bodies]]''.<ref>{{cite news
  | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4808172.stm
  | title=Bleak House wins TV drama award
  | publisher=[[BBC News]]
  |date=[[2006-03-15]]
  | accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref>


''Doctor Who'' also received several nominations for the 2006 [[Broadcasting Press Guild]] Awards: the programme for Best Drama, Eccleston for Best Actor (David Tennant was also nominated for ''[[Secret Smile]]''), Piper for Best Actress and Davies for Best Writer.  However, it did not win any of these categories.<ref>{{cite web
Many of the original stars of the series appeared as different characters in several fan-produced video dramas in the 1990s. More recently, they have starred in officially-licensed audio dramas by [[Big Finish]], some of which have aired on the [[digital radio]] station [[BBC 7]]. The BBC produced original adventures for the Doctor on its website, notably ''The Scream of the Shalka'' (2003), starring [[Richard E. Grant]]. Meanwhile, a series of original novels saw Doctors past and present battling adversaries old and new first for Virgin Publishing in their ''New Adventures'' series (1991-1997), then [[BBC Books]] (1997-). [[Telos Publishing]] produced an award-winning range of [[novella]]s over 2001-2004.
| year =[[March 31]] [[2006]]
| url =http://www.broadcastingpressguild.org/awards/2006.html
| title =Broadcasting Press Guild Awards 2006
| publisher =[[Broadcasting Press Guild]]
| accessdate =2006-04-24
}}</ref>


Several episodes of the 2005 series of ''Doctor Who'' were nominated for the [[Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form]]: ''[[Dalek (Doctor Who episode)|Dalek]]'', ''[[Father's Day  (Doctor Who)|Father's Day]]'' and the double episode ''[[The Empty Child]]''/''[[The Doctor Dances]]''. At a ceremony at the Worldcon ([[64th World Science Fiction Convention|L.A. Con IV]]) in [[Los Angeles]] on [[27 August]] [[2006]], the Hugo was awarded to ''The Empty Child''/''The Doctor Dances''.<ref>{{cite web
===Spoofs===
| url = http://www.locusmag.com/2006/News/08_HugoCampbellWinners.html
The BBC itself produced two spoofs of ''Doctor Who'' for charity. In 1993, ''[[Children in Need]]'' featured ''[[Dimensions in Time]]'', which involved a crossover with several incarnations of the Doctor meeting characters from the British [[soap opera]] ''[[Eastenders]]''. This was publicised as a "pantomime" and is not considered 'canon' by fans. In 1999, ''[[Red Nose Day]]'' featured the comedy ''Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death''.
| title = Hugo and Campbell Awards Winners
| work = [[Locus (magazine)|Locus Online]]
| accessdate = 2006-08-27
|date= [[2006-08-26]]
}}</ref> ''Dalek'' and ''Father's Day'' came in second and third places respectively.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://cluebytwelve.net/Hugos2006/07_Dramatic_Short.htm
| title = Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form
| work = 2006 Hugo Award & Campbell Award Winners
| accessdate = 2006-08-28
|date= [[2006-08-26]]
}}</ref>
 
The [[British Academy Television Awards]] (BAFTA) nominations, released on [[March 27]] [[2006]], revealed that ''Doctor Who'' had been shortlisted in the category of Best Drama Series. This is the highest-profile and most prestigious British television award for which the series has ever been nominated.  ''Doctor Who'' was also nominated in several other categories in the BAFTA Craft Awards, including Best Writer ([[Russell T. Davies]]), Best Director ([[Joe Ahearne]]), and Break-through Talent (production designer [[Edward Thomas (designer)|Edward Thomas]]). However, it did not eventually win any of its categories at the Craft Awards.
 
On Sunday [[May 7]] [[2006]] the main BAFTA award winners were announced, and ''Doctor Who'' won both of the categories it was nominated for, the Best Drama Series and audience-voted Pioneer Award. Russell T. Davies also won the [[Dennis Potter]] Award for Outstanding Writing for Television.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4982648.stm
|title=Doctor Who is Bafta award winner
|publisher=[[BBC News]]
|date=[[2006-05-08]]
|accessdate=2006-05-08
}}</ref>
 
On [[April 22]] [[2006]], the programme won five categories (out of fourteen nominations) at the lower-profile [[BAFTA Cymru]] awards, given to programmes made in Wales. It won Best Drama Series, Drama Director ([[James Hawes]]), Costume, Make-up and Photography Direction. Russell T Davies also won the [[Sian Phillips]] Award for Outstanding Contribution to Network Television.<ref>{{cite news
  | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4934216.stm
  | title=Doctor leads Bafta Cymru winners
  | publisher=[[BBC News]]
  |date=[[2006-04-22]]
  | accessdate=2006-04-24
}}</ref>
 
==See also==
*[[Lengths of science fiction film and television series]]
*[[Doctor Who chronology]]
*[[Doctor Who in America]]
*[[Doctor Who in Australia]]


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
<div class="references-2column">
{{reflist|2}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]]
<references/>
</div>
 
 
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commonscat|Doctor Who}}
===Official sites===
{{seealso|Doctor Who tie-in websites}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho BBC ''Doctor Who'' website] including [http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2006/04/01/30852.shtml trailer for series 2]
*[http://www.bbcamerica.com/genre/drama_mysteries/doctor_who/doctor_who.jsp BBC America ''Doctor Who'' website]
*[http://www.cbc.ca/doctorwho/ CBC ''Doctor Who'' website]
*[http://www.scifi.com/doctorwho SciFi Channel ''Doctor Who'' website]
 
 
 
===Reference sites===
 
====General information====
*[http://scifipedia.scifi.com/index.php/Doctor_Who Doctor Who] at [http://scifipedia.scifi.com/index.php/Main_Page Scifipedia]
*[http://www.monitorduty.com/mdarchives/2006/04/alan_kistlers_p_8.shtml Alan Kistler's Profiles on DOCTOR WHO]
*[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/454592/index.html British Film Institute Screen Online]
*[http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/D/htmlD/doctorwho/doctorwho.htm Encyclopedia of Television]
 
===''Doctor Who'' universe===
*[http://www.drwhoguide.com/ The ''Doctor Who'' Reference Guide] &mdash; synopses of virtually every television episode, novel, audio drama, comic strip and spin-off video based upon the series
*[http://www.whoniverse.org/ The Whoniverse] &mdash; a guide to the fictional aspects of ''Doctor Who''
* [http://www.lofficier.com/dwindex.html The Doctor Who Universal Databank] A somewhat unreliable A-to-Z Encyclopedia of the ''[[Whoniverse]]'', although only covering the 1963–1989 series.
*[http://tardis.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page Tardis Index File] Contains mostly in-universe information.
 
===Images===
*[http://www.shillpages.com/dw/dwia.htm Steve Hill's ''Doctor Who'' Image Archive]
*[http://www.throup.org.uk/doctor_who.php The Doctor Who Logo Collection]
 
===Production information===
*Internet Movie Database:
**{{imdb title|id=0436992|title=Doctor Who (2005&ndash;?)}}  
*[http://www.shannonsullivan.com/drwho/ Doctor Who: A Brief History Of Time (Travel)] — a complete and exhaustive production history of ''Doctor Who''
*[http://www.doctorwholocations.org.uk/ Doctor Who Locations] — [[Google Earth]] compatible database of locations where episodes were filmed
 
===Miscellany===
*[http://www.cuttingsarchive.org.uk/ ''Doctor Who'' Cuttings Archive] &mdash; hosts a large number of press cuttings and articles from 1963 onwards.
 
===General fan sites===
*[http://www.gallifreyone.com Outpost Gallifrey] (see also [[Outpost Gallifrey]]) — a large ''Doctor Who'' news and information site with reviews, articles, and a discussion forum.
*[http://www.drwho-online.co.uk Doctor Who Online] — a large UK ''Doctor Who'' news site with reviews, articles, and a discussion forum.
 
===Links===
*[http://www.gallifreyone.com/webguide.php The ''Doctor Who'' Web Guide] &mdash; an index of ''Who''-related web sites
*[http://dmoz.org/Arts/Television/Programs/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy/D/Doctor_Who/ DMOZ ''Doctor Who'' page]
 
{{infobox television |
| show_name =Doctor Who
| image = [[Image:Doctor Who logo TRB.jpg|300px]]<!-- FAIR USE of Dw2005logo.png: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Doctor_Who_logo_TRB.jpg for rationale -->
| caption = Current ''Doctor Who'' series logo
| format = [[Science Fiction]]<br>[[Drama]]
| picture_format = [[405-line]] black & white (1963–1967)<br>[[576i|625-line]] black & white (1968–1969)<br>[[PAL]] 625-line colour (1970–1989)<br>720x576 [[16:9]] (2005–present)
| runtime = 25 min. (1963–1984, 1986–1989)<br>45 min. (1985, 2005–present)<br>various other lengths
| country = {{UK}}
| network = [[BBC One]]
| first_aired = '''Original Series:'''<br />[[November 23]], [[1963]]
| last_aired = [[December 6]], [[1989]]<br />'''Television Movie:'''<br />[[May 12]], [[1996]]<br />'''Current Series:'''<br />[[March 26]], [[2005]] &ndash; present
| creator = [[Sydney Newman]]<br>[[C. E. Webber]]<br>[[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]]
| starring = '''[[List of actors who have played the Doctor|Various Doctors]]'''<br>[[David Tennant]] <br />'''[[:Category:Doctor Who companions|Various companions]]'''<br>[[Freema Agyeman]]
| num_episodes = 724 (as of [[25 December]], [[2006]])
| list_episodes = List of Doctor Who serials
| opentheme= [[Doctor Who theme music]]
| endtheme= [[Doctor Who theme music]] (Reprise)
| imdb_id= 0056751
| tv_com_id = 355
|}}
 
[[Category:Doctor Who]]
[[Category:CZ Live]]

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Ncuti Gatwa will take over the lead role of Doctor Who in 2023.
Doctor Who
British science-fiction drama series
First broadcasts
23rd November 1963 (original series)
12th[1] May 1996 (TV movie)
26th March 2005 (current series)
Creators
Sydney Newman
Donald Wilson
C. E. Webber
1960s-1990s
Starring
William HartnellPatrick Troughton
Jon PertweeTom Baker
Peter DavisonColin Baker
Sylvester McCoy • Paul McGann
2000s-
Starring
Christopher Eccleston
David Tennant
Matt Smith
Peter Capaldi
Jodie Whittaker
Ncuti Gatwa
(CC) Image: Gage Skidmore
Jodie Whittaker, the first female Doctor, at the 2018 San Diego Comic-Con International.
(CC) Photo: Shaun Smith
Peter Capaldi played the central character of Doctor Who from 2013 to 2017, portraying the Doctor as a more alien and ancient figure than his recent predecessors.

Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television series which started in 1963 and was relaunched in 2005 following its original 26-year run on the BBC, plus a 1996 television movie. On television and in other media, it features the adventures of a time-traveller known as the 'Doctor', who journeys through time and space, righting wrongs and fighting injustice, usually accompanied by friends known to fans as 'companions'.

The programme has lasted since 1963 partly because the Doctor, who has an alien physiology, is able to 'regenerate' when badly injured, allowing the lead actor to be recast. As of 2022, thirteen successive actors have played the lead role in the television series, as listed in the panel on the right, with others appearing as additional Doctors and stand-ins in some programmes and in unofficial or alternative productions. His/her time machine, the TARDIS, is famously disguised as an old British police box[2] and is bigger on the inside than out; some well-known adversaries include the Daleks - mutants inside pepperpot-shaped casings - and the Cybermen.

Doctor Who is executive-produced by Russell T. Davies, who took over from Chris Chibnall in 2022. Chibnall cast Jodie Whittaker as the first woman to play the Doctor in the official broadcast series. Her successor, David Tennant, returned to the role with Davies in 2022 for three forthcoming special episodes to celebrate the programme's 60th anniversary. Tennant previously played the Doctor from 2005 to 2009, and will be succeeded by Ncuti Gatwa in 2023. Gatwa will be the first non-white actor in the lead role, and is also the first to have been born after the original series ended in 1989.

Whittaker's predecessor, Peter Capaldi, took over at the end of 2013, and made a short cameo in the 50th anniversary special, Day of the Doctor, broadcast on 23rd November that year. Capaldi announced in January 2017 that he would step down from the role with the following special Christmas episode.

Currently, Doctor Who appears to have won a new generation of followers of varying ages: the UK children's magazine show Blue Peter, for example, reported that their 'Design a Doctor Who Monster' competition received the largest number of entries for any such event since 1993.[3]

History

1960s

In the early 1960s, Doctor Who was the eventual product of a desire within the BBC to bring science fiction to the small screen. Something was also needed to plug a gap in the Saturday early evening schedules of sport and music programmes; Doctor Who was created by Sydney Newman, Donald Wilson and C.E. Webber, and produced by the BBC's drama department as a family viewing, intended to be educational and exciting. With Verity Lambert at the helm, William Hartnell was cast as the grandfatherly, enigmatic 'Doctor' and the series was first shown on 23rd November 1963.

Doctor Who initially endured a rough ride, though audiences seemed positive on the whole. The series was only intended to run for a few episodes, but all that changed with the second serial - The Daleks. Terry Nation's script ushered in the mid-sixties 'Dalekmania' craze, with millions of children and not a few older viewers taking the evil Daleks to heart. The Daleks secured the show's future, and over time, appeared more regularly both in the series and in two cinematic productions starring Peter Cushing. More aliens appeared in the programme as successive production teams took the TARDIS further out into time and space.

By 1966, changes were afoot as audience ratings began to decline. If the show was to survive, a new lead actor was required; ultimately the concept of a mysterious 'renewal' process, explained as part of the TARDIS, was shown to change the Doctor's physical appearance and, to some extent, his personality. Patrick Troughton first appeared as the Doctor in 1966; over the next few weeks, it became clear that audiences were warming to his portrayal of the Doctor as a dishevelled figure with a determination to overcome the terrors of the universe, and the series entered its so-called 'Monster Era', with more alien creatures appearing.

1969 saw Troughton's departure; his final episode saw the Doctor captured and put on trial by his own people, the 'Time Lords', accused of meddling in the affairs of other races. His sentence was exile to Earth and a second change of appearance, heralding another radical change for the series.

1970s

The early 1970s saw the first episodes of Doctor Who broadcast in colour - a move which certainly suited the flamboyant third Doctor, played by Jon Pertwee as something of a dandy. This incarnation would emphasise the Doctor's love of technological wizardry and high-powered vehicles. Under outgoing producer Derrick Sherwin, the series moved to an Earth-based background where the Doctor would be aided by a military organisation known as the 'United Nations Intelligence Taskforce' (UNIT). However, new producer Barry Letts and script editor Terrance Dicks found the UNIT format too restrictive, and so gradually steered the Doctor's adventures to ever-lengthier forays back out into time and space. The 1970s were also the years when critics of the programme increasingly labelled the programme as too violent and unsuitable for children.

In 1974, Pertwee moved on, and was succeeded by Tom Baker, then the youngest actor to take on the part. At 40, Baker would go on to become the best-remembered Doctor to date, playing the role for a record seven years and depicting the Doctor as a more 'bohemian' figure, usually clad in a long coat, wide-brimmed hat and trademark scarf. By this time, Doctor Who was a mainstay of Saturday-evening entertainment, regularly pulling in over ten million viewers a week, and towards the end of the decade had become notably more humour-driven and aimed at younger viewers. Change, as ever, was just around the corner.

(CC) Photo: Tim Schnack
Cast and crew of Doctor Who reunited at a 1983 fan convention celebrating 20 years of the programme. Clockwise from top left: Tom Baker (fourth Doctor), John Nathan-Turner (1980s producer), Patrick Troughton (second Doctor), Peter Davison (fifth Doctor), and Jon Pertwee (third Doctor); with 'companion' actors Sarah Sutton, Mark Strickson, Carole Ann Ford, Elisabeth Sladen and Janet Fielding.

1980s

John Nathan-Turner became the producer of Doctor Who in 1980, at the time of Baker's final season. 'JN-T' would go on to produce the programme right through the 1980s, and in 1981 cast the well-known actor Peter Davison as Baker's much younger successor. Nathan-Turner was determined to court the series' fans by bringing back old adversaries, and also introduced more unconventional companions that were a sharp contrast with the mostly female, human occupants that until then had made up the majority of TARDIS travellers.

Davison would ultimately decide that three years was enough, and Nathan-Turner again had to find a replacement, casting Colin Baker in 1984. Baker played a loud and unashamedly arrogant sixth Doctor, and would ultimately complete only two seasons. The BBC considered Doctor Who vulnerable against competition on other channels, and possibly too violent. Creative differences among the production team reached a low point at this stage. A decision was taken in 1985 to 'suspend' Doctor Who, with effect from early 1986, but a fan campaign backed up by the media ensured its return in late 1987, with Sylvester McCoy in the role. McCoy's early clownish seventh Doctor became much darker and manipulative under the direction of script editor Andrew Cartmel; this era of the show also encouraged young and inexperienced writers, leading to some of the most innovative but controversial stories of the original series. By 1989, however, ratings had declined once more, and this time no media campaign backed the series when it was quietly killed off after 26 years.

(CC) Photo: Robynne Blume
Police box mounted with a modern surveillance camera located outside Earl's Court tube station in London. The TARDIS exterior has been based on this design since the first episode of Doctor Who in 1963.

1990s

Doctor Who survived throughout the 1990s as a series of original novels produced by Virgin Publishing, and later the BBC. In 1996, the Doctor returned to the small screen in a U.S.-backed TV movie which saw McCoy hand over to Paul McGann. The production fared well among UK audiences, but was poorly scheduled in North America and ultimately it failed to go to a series. McGann's Doctor was a gentler figure than his predecessor, and his adventures continued in print, in audio recordings, on radio and in comics into the twenty-first century, before he returned in a short 50th-anniversary production, The Night of the Doctor, in 2013.

2000s

Following the programme's 1989 cancellation and failure of the 1996 TV movie to secure a new series, the return of the show in 2005 was largely due to the persistence of the Controller of BBC One at the time, Lorraine Heggessey,[4] backed by the Controller of Drama Commissioning at the time, Jane Tranter,[5] and Mal Young, the Controller of Continuing Drama Series. The lack of support for further films had finally convinced the BBC that an in-house series was the best way to secure the future of the programme.[6] The 'new series' retained the TARDIS and other key features of the original 'classic series'. Going into production in 2004, it was executive-produced by writer Russell T. Davies and BBC Wales Head of Drama/BBC Television Controller of Drama Commissioning Julie Gardner. Davies cast the highly-experienced actor Christopher Eccleston as the Doctor, who declined to appear in a second run of adventures, leading Davies to cast David Tennant as the tenth Doctor, a role he relinquished in 2009 (his last appearance was broadcast on New Year's Day, 2010, but was of course recorded earlier).

2010s

After four series and several specials, Davies left the programme in the hands of Steven Moffat, a frequent writer for the series, who was made executive producer from series five onwards. Moffat cast first Matt Smith to play the Doctor,[7] then Peter Capaldi. Chris Chibnall replaced succeeded Moffat in 2018 and decided to cast the first woman in the role, Jodie Whittaker.

2020s

The new series had already been thinned out by years off, and this was exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Whittaker left in 2022, with two new Doctors announced to succeed her: David Tennant again for three 60th-anniversary specials, followed by Ncuti Gatwa.

Characters

The Doctor

(CC) Photo: Alun Vega
From 2005 to 2010, the Doctor was played by David Tennant, who brought a buccaneering and stylish emphasis to the role.

The Doctor is the main character in the series, but "information" is fragmentary and sometimes apparently contradictory. In real life these contradictions may be explained as script writers or editors not knowing or not caring what had been said in previous episodes. In-universe explanations include the emphatic statement by River Song, (apparently) his fourth wife, that "The Doctor lies." Various aspects of his/her character and past have been revealed, but much remains mysterious. Even their name remains an enigma; he has variously introduced himself as Doctor Caligari (The Gunfighters, 1966), Doctor von Wer (The Highlanders, 1966) and Doctor John Smith (various stories, 1970 on), and signed a letter Doctor W (The Underwater Menace, 1967). A fellow Time Lord addresses him as Thete (The Armageddon Factor, 1978; actually, as that Time Lord talks with a Cockney accent, this is pronounced Fee', with a glottal stop), which is later explained as derived from a nickname (The Happiness Patrol, 1988). In the dialogue he has only once been referred to as Doctor Who (The War Machines, 1966). Despite this, the character is usually referred to as 'Doctor Who' in the media, and indeed the programme's end credits included 'Who' for the first four Doctors and the Ninth, with just "The Doctor" for the others. Also on screen appeared the episode title "The death of Doctor Who" (1966) and the serial title Doctor Who and the Silurians (1970). A few explanations for the title have been presented over the years, such as the Doctor obtaining various doctorates (e.g. The Armageddon Factor, 1978). It is unclear whether they are a medical doctor or not, and early on he referred to himself as a scientist and engineer, "a builder of things" (The Aztecs, 1964).

In The Timeless Children (2020), much back-story was apparently revealed. It now starts with the discovery of a little girl of unknown alien origin with the power of regeneration, known as the Timeless Child. This power is transplanted into inhabitants of Gallifrey. The Child had many incarnations before his first appearance in the series as the Doctor but his memory was wiped and his regeneration as a boy therefore thought himself the first. This suggests that the family he grew up in, and mentions various "facts" about, is not his real one. His statement that he was half-human on his mother's side seems to be corroborated by the Master's finding that his DNA is half human, however.

It has been confirmed on a number of occasions that the Doctor had children and grandchildren, including his grand-daughter, Susan (An Unearthly Child, 1963), who was travelling with him in the TARDIS in the start of the programme. Although a previous marriage might be considered implicit in the existence of a grand-daughter, it is not explicitly mentioned until Blink (2007). Since that episode, the Doctor says, he has been married to Queen Elizabeth I of England (The End of Time, 2009; confirmed in The Day of the Doctor, 2013), and taken part in a legally invalid marriage ceremony with Marilyn Monroe (A Christmas Carol, 2010), and he is the bridegroom in the episode The Wedding of River Song (2011). In Death in Heaven (2014), his companion Clara, trying to convince a Cyberman that she is the Doctor, says she (he) has been married four times and had children and grandchildren.

(CC) Photo: Alun Vega
Matt Smith portrayed the Doctor as a professorial eccentric from 2010 to 2013.

Over the course of the programme's first few years, it becomes clear that the Doctor is not a human being, though in the 1990s and later, it was shown that he may have some human roots (Doctor Who, 1996), and that he is also able to become human (Human Nature, 2007). From 1969's The War Games, the Doctor's own people, the Time Lords, appeared regularly in the show, but in the 2005- production it was suggested that they had been destroyed in a 'Time War' with the Daleks, the Doctor's greatest adversaries. However, the series elaborates that the War exists 'time-locked' in another realm from which it is possible to escape.

The Doctor's physiology is rather different from humans: most spectacularly, as first shown at the conclusion of 1966's The Tenth Planet, is his ability to 'regenerate' - what he calls a "renewal" (The Power of the Daleks, 1966) or a trick for "cheating death" (The Parting of the Ways, 2005). In the latter story, for example, the viewer witness a tremendous burst of energy released from his body, and his features melt into those of a new individual - the Doctor's tenth incarnation, portrayed by David Tennant. It is quickly established that this new person is the same character, physically different and with some new personality quirks, but still the same adventurer (The Christmas Invasion, 2006). The process occurs again in the final episode of the tenth Doctor's era, this time shown capable of actually damaging the TARDIS as the Doctor regenerates into the form of Matt Smith (The End of Time, 2010). The programme established in 1977's The Deadly Assassin that only twelve regenerations are possible, giving thirteen incarnations, but both The Five Doctors (1983) and The Time of the Doctor (2013) show that the Time Lords can bestow a fresh cycle of regenerations. The Capaldi incarnation was the first in a new cycle for the Doctor, since John Hurt's was revealed to have been the ninth incarnation in Day of the Doctor (2013) and David Tennant's used a regeneration while managing to keep the same persona in Journey's End (2008).

Dialogue in The Doctor's Wife (2011) implied that Time Lords can change sex when they regenerate, and this was confirmed by the appearance of a female incarnation of the Master in Dark Water (2014). At present, the Doctor is female.

Companions

The Doctor rarely travels the universe alone, and many of their friends or 'companions' have shared their adventures over the years. The very first, Susan, was actually his grand-daughter, with her two human teachers completing the first TARDIS crew. Through curiosity, being rescued or taking up an offer to see the universe, many others followed over the years. In the 1970s, the Doctor was 'exiled' to Earth by his own people for a time, and became a reluctant member of UNIT, a special taskforce set up to counter alien threats. This 'UNIT family' memorably included Nicholas Courtney as its commanding officer, Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart. Other well-remembered companions of the 1970s included the accident-prone UNIT agent Jo Grant (Katy Manning), the leather-clad savage Leela (Louise Jameson), and Sarah Jane Smith, a journalist played by Elisabeth Sladen.

From 2005 onwards, the Doctor is initially travelling alone, but former London shop assistant Rose Tyler (Billie Piper) joins him at the close of the opening adventure, with others appearing later, and also characters who fulfilled the companion role for just one story. Steven Moffat introduced Amy Pond, played by Karen Gillan, initially as a young girl whose life was a mysterious time-altered jumble, with an increasing role for Arthur Darvill as Rory Williams, later Amy's husband. 2012 saw the introduction of Clara, played by Jenna Coleman;[8] her successor, Pearl Mackie as Bill, was announced in 2016.

(CC) Photo: Melinda Seckington
The Daleks are terrifying, Nazi-inspired creatures. Though the design has changed little since their first appearance in 1963, this larger-than-usual and somewhat cartoonish redesigned version of 2010 proved controversial with some fans. The front appendages include an eyestalk, interface device that uncannily resembles a sink plunger, and an exterminating weapon.

Villains

In Doctor Who, the universe is a dangerous place. A frequently occurring theme is that of various alien races attempting to conquer the Earth or otherwise threatening the human race, only to be foiled by the Doctor.

Best-known villains in the series and wider UK culture are the 'Daleks', mutants inside metallic pepperpot-like casings equipped with a gun and an appendage not unlike a sink plunger. Envisaged as representing the Nazis, their best-known characteristic is frequently screaming "Exterminate!" at anything un-Dalek prior to destroying anything that gets in their way of eliminating all life other than that which is Dalek. They have appeared numerous times in the series.

The other villains appearing comparable numbers of times are the Master (a fellow, evil Time Lord; also known as Missy, short for Mistress, in a female regeneration) and the Cybermen.

Until recently the Daleks regularly topped the polls for the most "popular" enemy. In recent polls, however, they have been overtaken by the Weeping Angels, who first appeared in 2007.

Format

For most of its 1963-1989 run, Doctor Who was broadcast in 25-minute episodes, with few exceptions. Initially the programme ran for most of the year, with only a few weeks' break between seasons. Over the decades, the number of episodes each year was reduced; about 26 was the norm for some years, though by the end of the 1980s this had fallen to 14. From 1966, each story had only one title, but originally individual episodes had separate titles, leading to considerable fan debate over what the overall titles for some of these early serials are. The very first story, for instance, is commonly known and marketed by the BBC as An Unearthly Child, which strictly speaking was only the title of the very first episode. Internal production documents have led some fans to conclude that the 'true' title is 100,000 BC.[9]

Episodes of 'new series' Doctor Who run for about 45 minutes, except for special (usually Christmas) adventures broadcast between series (or, in one recent case, in the middle of a series). Two- and three-episode stories usually have separate titles for each episode, just as in 1963-6. However, whereas stories from 1963-6 are commonly referred to by overall titles (though as just noted not always the same ones), this is not usually done with the recent stories; instead they are usually named by just concatenating their episode titles, e.g. Utopia/The Sound of Drums/Last of the Time Lords. The increasingly involuted nature of plot arcs over the course of the new series has resulted in increasing disagreement among secondary sources on the grouping of episodes into stories. Since series two, the regular characters have had a reduced role in one or more episodes so the leads can concentrate on filming others.

Music and titles

The theme music for Doctor Who changed little for the first 17 years of the original series's run: composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, this example of electronic music played over the original series titles, which were achieved using a howl-round visual effect. For the new series, a new arrangement was produced by Murray Gold, whose predecessors on the original series included Peter Howell, who created a faster, more dramatic version for the period 1980-1985; Dominic Glynn (1986); and Keff McCulloch (1987-1989). The 1996 film also had new theme music.

International distribution

Doctor Who was made available for broadcast outside the UK from the outset, and it is thanks to film copies sent to other countries that many early episodes now survive, since the original tapes were wiped for re-use. Some of these episodes were cut to conform with broadcasting standards in other nations, e.g. to remove violence. Several stories were sold to Arabic-speaking countries in the 1960s, with Arabic dubbing. Dubbed versions of adventures were also shown in other countries until the end of the programme in 1989, e.g. in French and German. The revived series has been distributed globally, and the BBC sought to build on these new markets by launching a 'global tour' to introduce Peter Capaldi's Doctor in 2014. This involved advanced screenings of Capaldi's first story plus Q&A sessions with the main stars, and took in Cardiff, Seoul, Sydney, New York, Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro.[10]

Spin-offs and alternative adventures

(CC) Photo: Sam Howzit
The robot dog K-9 appeared in Doctor Who and several spin-offs.

The original series had only one spin-off, which did not survive beyond its 1981 pilot. K-9 and Company starred Elisabeth Sladen and John Leeson, reprising their roles as former companions Sarah Jane Smith and K-9 (a robot dog voiced by Leeson; they had never appeared together in the series, though they did so subsequently). The new series has seen two spin-off dramas, Torchwood (2006-), starring John Barrowman, and The Sarah Jane Adventures (2007-2011) starring Elisabeth Sladen with appearances by K9, once again voiced by John Leeson. Like Sladen and Leeson, Barrowman appeared as a 'companion' in Doctor Who itself, starring as Captain Jack Harkness from 2005's The Empty Child onwards. Torchwood sees Harkness leading a team trying to prevent alien incursions via a 'time rift' running through present day Cardiff, while the Sarah Jane Adventures followed the adventures of investigative journalist Sarah Jane Smith. The latter production aired on Children's BBC with an intended audience of younger fans, while Torchwood was presented as a post-9 p.m. 'adult' take on the affairs of the Doctor Who universe. A third spin-off, this time starring K-9 in an independent UK-Australia co-production, K-9, first aired in 2010.

Several shorter adventures have also appeared as part of charity events and the Proms, a long-standing evening of music at the Royal Albert Hall. 2005 saw the immediate aftermath of the Doctor's regeneration into the form of David Tennant broadcast as part of the long-running charity event Children in Need. Similarly, a second short Children in Need adventure, Time Crash (2007), contributed to the series' continuity.

The Doctor also appeared in The Music of the Spheres as part of the 2008 Proms, in an 'interactive' adventure which saw the TARDIS linked to the Royal Albert Hall via a hole in time and space through which an evil 'Graske' emerged to threaten the audience. This was the Graske's second appearance in what has become a significant run of extra adventures available on digital channels or the internet, the first being Attack of the Graske in 2005.

Other media

In the 1960s, Terry Nation was unable to launch a U.S. spin-off series starring his creations, the Daleks, but they twice appeared on the big screen. Two televised adventures of Doctor Who were remade for the cinema: Doctor Who and the Daleks (1965) and Daleks: Invasion Earth 2150AD (1966) starred Peter Cushing as 'Doctor Who', an elderly human scientist who had invented a time machine. These two films, which were not part of the television series's continuity, did well at a time when 'Dalekmania' was at its height.

Nearly all the stories broadcast up to 1996 have been novelised, and annuals containing new stories appeared in print from early in the programme's broadcast history, as did comic strips. In the 1990s two new stories were broadcast on BBC radio (out of sequence: they featured the 3rd Doctor), though one of them actually appeared after its novelization as a result of delays.

A stage play, Doctor Who and the Daleks in the Seven Keys to Doomsday, starring Trevor Martin, played in the early 1970s, and another theatrical adventure appeared as The Ultimate Adventure in 1989. Jon Pertwee reprised his role for the play's first run, and later shows featured Colin Baker as the Doctor. Baker and his co-star on the original series, Nicola Bryant, also appeared in a Doctor Who radio drama, Slipback, in 1985. The 1980s also saw a series of documentary films from Reeltime Pictures, as well as independent productions licensed to use certain characters from Doctor Who, the first being Wartime in 1987. Among others, Shakedown: Return of the Sontarans (1994) was a new outing for a classic Doctor Who race of villains, and this was followed by Downtime (1995), which saw the return of the Yeti, a 1960s monster.

Many of the original stars of the series appeared as different characters in several fan-produced video dramas in the 1990s. More recently, they have starred in officially-licensed audio dramas by Big Finish, some of which have aired on the digital radio station BBC 7. The BBC produced original adventures for the Doctor on its website, notably The Scream of the Shalka (2003), starring Richard E. Grant. Meanwhile, a series of original novels saw Doctors past and present battling adversaries old and new first for Virgin Publishing in their New Adventures series (1991-1997), then BBC Books (1997-). Telos Publishing produced an award-winning range of novellas over 2001-2004.

Spoofs

The BBC itself produced two spoofs of Doctor Who for charity. In 1993, Children in Need featured Dimensions in Time, which involved a crossover with several incarnations of the Doctor meeting characters from the British soap opera Eastenders. This was publicised as a "pantomime" and is not considered 'canon' by fans. In 1999, Red Nose Day featured the comedy Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death.

Footnotes

  1. This is the date of its first broadcast, as an independent film in Canada; after further broadcast in the USA it was shown as part of the BBC series on the 27th.
  2. In an example of how British culture has taken the programme to heart, on the occasion when London's Metropolitan Police challenged the BBC's ownership of the police box design, they lost as the court ruled that people associate such boxes with time machines rather than the police. See BBC News: BBC Wins Police Tardis Case, 23rd October 2002.
  3. BBC: Monster Success. 18th August 2005. The winning entry appeared in 2006's Love & Monsters as the fearsome 'Abzorbaloff'. Its creator, 13-year-old William Grantham, reportedly gave the seal of approval to the BBC's interpretation, though remarked that "it was supposed to be the size of a double-decker bus".
  4. Born in 1956, Heggessey was amongst the first generation of BBC executives and Doctor Who contributors who had actually grown up with the original programme.
  5. BAFTA: 'In conversation with Jane Tranter'. 30th September 2008.
  6. Daily Telegraph: 'Doctor Who ready to come out of the Tardis for Saturday TV series' 26th September 2003.
  7. BBC News: 'New Doctor actor is youngest ever '. 4th January 2009.
  8. The actress was credited as Jenna-Louise Coleman in earlier appearances but has now changed her stage name.
  9. Research publications by David J. Howe, Mark Stammers and Stephen J. Walker hold to these behind-the-scenes titles, for example.
  10. DoctorWho.tv: 'Doctor Who: The World Tour. Accessed 21st August 2014.