Silverlight vs. Flash

With the rocket development of Internet, the techniques used for building web pages is improving all the time, which not only brings people more information but new experience of surfing on the Internet. Many techniques have been applied to enrich the web page these years, from totally the plaintext in early 90's, first to web page with pictures and then that with embedded sounds. Later, Sun Microsystems proposed Java Applet, which was popular for not long time until being conquered by Adobe Flash. Now Microsoft proposed Silverlight technology. Some people say that Microsoft made a wrong decision while others claim that Silverlight will kill Flash at last. According to the next step in the value chain, for Flash, it focus on building rich applications with Flex. For Silverlight, Ajax is becoming the way to add more value.

(CC) Image: Ganggang Hu
Made by Ganggang Hu, 2008

So, Silverlight and Flash ---- Who is going to win?

Technology

When it comes to general technology features, both Flash and Silverlight have the same functions and benefits as follows:

• Rich 2D animation/graphics with audio and video
• Choice of standards-based and high-performance languages
• End-to-end server and application platform
• Client side playlists for ad-insertion
• Robust video publishing tools
• High-performance, multi-core enabled lightweight client
• Data exchange with web server
• Easy installation support for platform requirements
• Tools product line integrity
• Multiple browsers support such as IE, Firefox, Safari and Opera

On the other hand, both of them have their unique features. For example, Flash has offline document support, rich set of control library and test tools. While Silverlight has hardware-assisted editing and encoding solutions, XML-based presentation for SEO, and content access protection (DRM).

Animation manipulation

Flash is frame based, which requires users to compute the duration of an animation. For example, there are 12 frames per second in Flash animation model. If users want an object to move 5 seconds continuously, they need to calculate how many frames 5 seconds will take. Also, the player doesn't maintain any frame rate unless users embed blank audio tracks.

Instead of frame based, Silverlight supports the time based WPF animation model, which allows users to define the start and end conditions without calculating positions on various frames. Then Silverlight can generate animation process automatically.

Additionally, when create animation, the Adobe suite of products can easily share objects and files between applications such as Illustrator, Flash, Dreamweaver, Photoshop, etc. While Silverlight has these options built into it already along with several other tempting products such as ad-insertion and free streaming solutions.

Video codec and audio decoder

Flash supports multiple video formats with high quality codec and nice bandwidth usage, such as scalable full screen video up to HD(720p). The price of its media server licensing(unlimited bandwidth) is only one forth of that of Silverlight. But except that its Sorenson’s proprietary H.263 implementation is loosely based on a standard, Flash has no industry standard video codec yet. Also, the audio formats Flash supports are all proprietary, except for MP3 and ADPCM, whose quality of compression is not so impressive, and still requires licensing fees and third party conversion libraries.

Compare to Flash, Silverlight implements industry standard VC-1 codec for video, as well as offering support for WMV and WMA. Microsoft makes available a free Encoder SDK for producing WMA and WMV so that people are able to encode by themselves with easier integration and cheaper cost.

Here is a comparison of video codec between Flash and Silverlight using different computer systems.

	Flash VP6E	Flash VP6S	Flash H.264-High	Silverlight
PowerMac Dual 2.7 GHz PPC G5, OS 10.4.11, FireFox, Flash Player 9.0.115.0, SL 1.0.30401.0
Processor(percentage of 2 processors)	72.0%	66.3%	85.8%	108.0%
Drop frames	no	no	yes	yes
Estimated frame rate	full	full	5-6 fps	1-2 fps
Drop audio	no	no	yes	no
HP xw4100, 3.0 GHz P4 with HTT, Windows XP, FireFox Flash Player 9.0.124, SL 1.0.30401.0
Processor	87.5%	97.1%	NA	NA
Drop frames	yes	no	yes-stopped	yes-lost synch
Estimated frame rate	2 fps	full	stopped	1 frame/3 seconds
Drop audio	yes	no	yes	yes
HP 8710P, 2.2 GHz Core 2 Duao, Vista, IE, Flash 9.0.124.0, SL 2.0.30226.2
Processor	51.9%	52.0%	34.8%	47.3%
Drop frames	no	no	no	no
Estimated frame rate	full	full	full	full
Drop audio	no	no	no	no
Dell Precision 390, 2.9 GHz Core 2 Duo, XP, IE, Flash 9.0.124.0, SL 2.0.30226.2
Processor	22.7%	17.5%	7.7%	26.0%
Drop frames	no	no	no	no
Estimated frame rate	full	full	full	full
Drop audio	no	no	no	no

Binary or text file

Flash stores shapes using binary shape records. In order to write shape definitions, users need to either license a third party Flash file format SDK, or build libraries by themselves. While Silverlight uses text based XAML, which can be output using an XML object. So users don't need to buy special libraries or write their own libraries.

Flash stores fonts glyphs using the same exact shape definitions that are used for any other shape. The player does not understand TTF files, so users need to use the Win32 APIs to figure out intricacies of fonts in the Flash file format documentation by themselves. But in Silverlight, WPF/E lets users embed true type font information directly into projects, and download that information with the downloader object without doing extra work.

However, with the capability of compiling down into a binary, Flash can actually starts executing before it is fully downloaded, which is one of the serious benefits to using binary SWF and more satisfying than the pure text files in Silverlight, which brings the runtime from zero to hero before one can do anything. Furthermore, Flash has plenty of functionality encapsulated in the runtime. It has its own JIT compiler, its own language ActionScript and a healthy set of controls. But Silverlight uses JavaScript as the scripting language and depends on the browser for most of the interaction processing.

Platform support

Flash integrates with multiple platforms and languages. It supports Windows, Max OS X, Linux and also moblie platforms. While Silverlight has some limitations on this aspect. It mainly supports Windows and Max OS X. Silverlight looks to be as far as Microsoft has ever gone as a company to embrace cross-platform and yet they still fail to support Linux. However, a newly developed project called Moonlight by Mono open source project sponsored by Novell allows Linux users to run Silverlight applications on Linux, provide a Linux SDK to build Silverlight applications and reuse the Silverlight engine built by Mono for desktop applications. Written with a combination of C++ and C# code, Moonlight for Linux Supports Silverlight 1.0 was first released in May, 2008. Also, Silverlight is spreading to mobile platform by building various applications on mobile devices. The only hope for Silverlight is to open source the runtime and pray for consistent cross-platform support, though Microsoft has a terrible cross-platform track record as a company and most of the company's prior efforts have been deprecated.

Programming tool

Users can reuse C# classes from their tool inside exported contents. But there is no development environment for creating Flash desktop applications which is based on ActionScript. In Flash route, users have to write all the classes and objects twice to keep pace with the tool changes. They need .NET classes to handle the author time experience and Flash classes to handle the run-time. If there are server components, users need to switch back to .NET and discard all the classes that the run time is using.

Unlike Flash that is largely built for graphic designers, Silverlight allows users to create contents with the same tools they use on a daily basis (such as Visual Studio .NET) in order to keep all the code for the server components, the authoring tool components, and the runtime/player components inside the same project.

As for the learning curve, HTML, Javascript and Ajax developers will probably feel more familiar to Silverlight. WPF/E builds upon the same development paradigm that web developers have gotten accustomed to while the Flash, Flex and ActionScript field requires a fair amount of re-learning.

However, compare to Adobe, who has a deep cultural understanding of the creative process and strong experience with cross-platform support, the lack of experience with designer tools and inability to truly understand creativity or designers will be Microsoft's inevitable obstacle, which may cut out large percentage of designer market.

Market

According to a survey given by Adobe System in June 2008, 99% computer users have installed Flash Player. But until then, there was still no official statistics about Silverlight given by Microsoft.

This significant difference of market share between Flash and Silverlight may due to following reasons:

• Silverlight was released as 1.0 in 2007 while Flash 1.0 was released in 1996. Flash owned sufficient time to grow, thrive and domain the install market before Silverlight was born. One way for Microsoft to increase the number of Silverlight's users may be including Silverlight in IE.
• Users choose to view content built in Flash and therefore need the plug-in. Since Silverlight is still new, there is relatively little content created in it so users don't need to install the plug-in. Microsoft is providing more Silverlight content, such as on-line 2008 Olympic Games.

Actually it is not a win/loss game in terms of installs because users can install both Flash Player and Silverlight at the same time. And both of them are for free, which means, both Adobe and Microsoft gain nothing from the number of users with the plugin installed. The most important elements about revenue are creative solutions and developer solutions. For Adobe, it needs to grow the number of developers building RIAs with Flash. For Microsoft, it needs to sell more servers like DRM servers, digital asset management servers and streaming servers for Silverlight. Previously Flash had no competition in this area. Now it has Silverlight. It is a challenge for Flash since every developer or designer who converts to the Microsoft platform from Flash hurts Adobe's core business of creative solutions.

All in all, although Silverlight has many advantages, it pales in front of Flash in terms of availability. It is not an unique Microsoft problem but a problem for any new offering when there is an incumbent who has a majority market share. Because Flash is so ubiquitous that it pushed QuickTime, Real Player, and windows movie files right out of the web space. As a juvenile in market, Silverlight may need a long time to get acceptance for itself.

Summary

Based on previous discussion, here is a table including technology and market comparison between Flash and Silverlight.

	Silverlight	Flash
Animation manipulation	time based	frame based
Video codec	industry standard VC-1 codec	no industry standard
Audio decoder	MP3,WMA,WMV	MP3
Binary or text file	XAML Text based & XML object	SWF binary shape records
Platform support	Windows,Max OS X,Linux (in development), Mobile (in development)	Windows,Max OS X,Linux, Mobile
Programming tool	JavaScript,VB.Net,C#	ActionScript
Market	developing	rapid

At least for the short term, Flash will continue to dominate the market because designers are more comfortable and familiar with the Adobe suite and Adobe is getting better all the time. Also, advertisement platforms are likely to run Flash advertisements because they wish people to see their advertisements without having to install new software. From distribution aspect, Flash currently has an in-browser installer where users don’t have to restart the browser and can refresh the web page once it’s installed. But Silverlight has a downloadable installer to let users close and then restart the browser, which is not so convenient. In order to win, Silverlight must own innovative technologies and excellent strategies to provide better design integration and easier distributed way to win over the design community. In short, it is a long-term battle.