Supreme Court (United Kingdom)
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The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is roughly speaking the highest court in the land. It came into existence on 1 October 2009, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. It continues, with some modifications, the appellate jurisdiction of the House of Lords.
Jurisdiction
The Supreme Court hears appeals from most courts, directly or indirectly. There are exceptions:
- the High Court of Justiciary: Scottish criminal cases
- the (Judicial Committee of the) Privy Council, which hears appeals on various matters:
- various Church of England matters
- various Admiralty courts
- the High Court of Chivalry (in theory; in practice, apart from one case in the 1950s, this court has been defunct since the 18th century)
- some professional disciplinary rulings
- claims that someone elected to the House of Commons is disqualified
- disciplinary decisions by either house of Parliament: these can be against anyone other than heads of state, accreditied diplomats and members of the other house, and in theory could extend to committal to the Tower[1] for the remainder of the session (this has not been done since the 19th century)
- disputes over succession to peerages
- impeachment, where the House of Commons prosecutes someone and the House of Lords acts as a court; no such prosecution hs been brought for more than two centuries, though some MPs have proposed such in recent times
- Acts of Parliament that have the effect of judicial rulings; for example, in former times it was not uncommon for Parliament to pass an Act of Attainder declaring someone guilty of a crime (usually high treason); this was last done in 1746; more recently, Parliament granted divorces in England[2] till delegating that to a court in 1857