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{{r|Insulin}}

{{r|Insulin}}

...4117] (c.482C>T) of apolipoprotein C-III which are also associated with [[insulin resistance]] and [[hypertriglyceridemia]].<ref name="pmid20335584">{{cite

...cose levels and inhibited by falling glucose levels. The overall effect of insulin is to stimulate anabolic (energy storage) processes to lower blood levels o ...by Norrman, Hubalek and Schluckebier (2007) Structural characterization of insulin NPH formulations. Eur.J.Pharm.Sci. 30: 414-423.</ref>}}

...t al.'' (2000) The central melanocortin system can directly regulate serum insulin levels ''Endocrinology'' 141:3072-9</ref><ref>Gantz I, Fong TM (2003) The m ...han POMC cleavage. For example, PC1 is essential for the biosynthesis of [[insulin]] and PC2 for the biosynthesis of [[glucagon]]. However, transgenic mice de

{{r|Insulin receptor||**}}

...ily of [[Diabetes mellitus type 1|Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus]] with severe [[insulin]] deficiency and [[hyperglycemia]]. It is characterized by excessive [[lipo Treatment begins with fluid replacement; insulin is not started immediately. As DKA is treated, DKA converts from a high ani

{{R|Insulin}}

...docrine system. [[Diabetes]], a disease that can come about because of low insulin levels, is one of the more common problems treated by endocrinologists.

== Insulin Resistance in Correlation with Sarcopenia == ...health, leading to even further loss of muscle mass and mobility, further insulin resistance, and a risk of developing a metabolic syndrome <ref name=Nar />.

...IGT) is a pre-[[diabetic]] state of dysglycemia, that is associated with [[insulin resistance]] and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may preced

...he HPA axis serves as one arm of a two-hormone system (corticosteroids and insulin) that regulates energy balance over the long term. Next, we will describe o ...l hypothalamic nuclei to effect an interaction between corticosteroids and insulin such that optimal metabolism results in response to changes in the fed or f

...atin acts primarily in a paracrine manner to inhibit the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. It also suppresses pancreatic exocrine secretions, by inhibit ...logically, but is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone. The [[Food and Drug Administration]] has approved

...other opioids inhibit the release of [[vasopressin]], [[somatostatin]], [[insulin]], and [[glucagon]]. Opioids close N-type voltage-operated [[calcium channe

...ns of diabetes were induced. This excess consumption led to increases in [[insulin]] production, plasma [[glucose]], [[triglycerides]] and eventually impaired ...f insulin in their blood, and normal insulin receptors, but the binding of insulin to its receptors does not turn on the glucose-transporting machinery.

...abetes, is a syndrome of abnormal [[glucose]] metabolism, associated with insulin resistance and increased risk cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser

...] (c.482C>T) of [[apolipoprotein C-III]] which are also associated with [[insulin resistance]] and [[hypertriglyceridemia]].<ref name="pmid20335584">{{cite ===Increasing insulin sensitivity===

The best-known animal hormones are those, like [[insulin]], [[estrogen]], and [[testosterone]], that are made by [[endocrine gland]] ...mally low activity of the receptor for insulin, rather than a problem with insulin production.

...ardiovascular Risk Factor Profile Between Healhty Nonobese Women and Obese Insulin-Resistant Women. ''Diabetes Care'' 30(8). 2145-2147 PMID 17507694</ref>. • High insulin sensitivity

...so affect the dopamine reward pathways <ref>Figlewicz DP, Benoit SC (2009) Insulin, leptin, and food reward: update 2008 ''Am J Physiol'' 296:R9-19</ref> Rece or inhibition e.g. by insulin or leptin of dopamine signalling to the nucleus accumbens <ref>Magni P ''et

...://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203957 |issn=}}</ref> Examples include the [[insulin receptor]], [[Epidermal growth factor receptor|ErbB-1 receptor]], and [[Erb

...n]] (CCK), [[glucagon-like peptide-1]] (GLP-1), [[peptide YY]] (PYY) and [[insulin]] which all have roles in appetite regulation. The [[vagus nerve]] is also ...sulin]] secretion and suppresses [[glucagon]] secretion; it also increases insulin sensitivity. GLP-1 also activates anorexigenic neurons in the [[arcuate nuc

..., Mahmood F, Matyal R, Mitchell JD et al.| title=Continuous perioperative insulin infusion decreases major cardiovascular events in patients undergoing vasc ...Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, ''et al'' |title=Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a r

...7] (c.482C>T) of [[apolipoprotein C-III]] which are also associated with [[insulin resistance]] and [[hypertriglyceridemia]].<ref name="pmid20335584">{{cite j

...al |author= |title=Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients

...ow-carbohydrate diets induce rapid weight loss, reduce fasting glucose and insulin levels, reduce circulating triglyceride levels and lower blood pressure. Ho Lara-Castro C, Garvey WT (2004) Diet, insulin resistance, and obesity: zoning in on data for Atkins dieters living in Sou

...s. ''Ann Surg''. 243: 108–114. ''(We examined meal-stimulated responses of insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), and pancreatic ...on Fasting & Postprandial Concentrations of Plasma Ghrelin, Peptide YY, & Insulin". ''The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism'' 90(1):359-365 ("

...oactive mediators that influence not only body weight homeostasis but also insulin resistance — the core feature of type 2 diabetes — as well as alteratio ...the metabolism of endogenous hormones-including sex steroids, insulin, and insulin-like growth factors-which can lead to distortion of the normal balance betw

...=The rat arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral signals provided by leptin, insulin, and a ghrelin mimetic |journal=Diabetes |volume=51 |pages=3412–9. pmid= ...=The rat arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral signals provided by leptin, insulin, and a ghrelin mimetic |journal= Diabetes |volume=51 |pages=3412–9

...ake up the sugar from the [[blood]]. (In Type I [[diabetes]], insufficient insulin is made, and cells do not know to take up glucose, resulting in high blood

...d common examples that have reached the market. The production of human [[insulin]] through the use of modified [[bacteria]], the production of [[erythropoie The first Genetically Engineered drug was human insulin approved by the USA's FDA

...gh [[insulin]], or alternatively, when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces." ===Diabetes mellitus:imbalance between insulin secretion and insulin resistance===

...n Female Mice Leads to Offspring Hyperphagia, Adiposity, Hypertension, and Insulin Resistance. Sammuelsson et al, 2008

...g a high fat diet, the CB1 null mice do not become obese or insensitive to insulin or leptin, as wild type mice may, even though they consumed as much food.

...ammation]], control of [[appetite]] and [[energy balance]], sensitivity to insulin, the metabolism of fats, and the [[angiogenesis|growth of new blood vessels ...ptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insulin-resistant, and diabetic subjects ''J Clin Endocrinol Metab'' 88:4848-56 PMI

{{r|Insulin}}

{{r|Insulin}}

...ntional sense even if they are not HTG, as they still display an increased insulin level, proving that NWO is a risk factor for diseases such as type II diabe ...obesity and NWO is a BMI of 27kg/m². High circulating levels of insulin were found in patients suffering from coronary heart disease, type II diabe

...sodium glutamate and lysine, vitamins, and therapeutic proteins such as [[insulin]] and [[growth hormone]]s.

...en the body no longer makes its own), or with drugs to reduce the acquired insulin resistance of body cells in Type II diabetes. Many new therapies directly

...te|fat]]; atherogenic dyslipidemia; [[hypertension]]; [[hyperglycemia]]; [[insulin]] resistance; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (thrombosis) sta ...sistance of certain cell types of the body to the ability of the hormone [[insulin]] to promote the entry into [[cell]]s of the energy-rich molecule, [[glucos

...nes' mother ultimately regretted approving her son to be administrated the insulin shock treatments. <ref>http://longhairedboy.blogspot.com/2011/02/townes-van

...is synthesized within an organism or outside an organism. For instance, [[insulin]] is a hormone that is synthesized in the pancreas, but if it is introduced

...fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma ghrelin, peptide YY, and insulin. ''J Clin Endocrinol Metab'' 90:359-65</ref> <ref>Holdstock C ''et al.''(20 ...n GIP levels with peripheral receptor down-regulation that is analogous to insulin insensitivity. Diet-induced weight loss increases GIP levels after a nutrie

...ic peptide]] (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)) and [[pancreas]] ([[insulin]] and [[somatostatin]]), the gastrointestinal tract ([[cholecystokinin]], [

...ting in the blood inform the brain about the body’s nutritional status. [[Insulin]] and [[leptin]], (which both suppress appetite) and [[ghrelin]] (which ind ...urge to consume “comfort foods”. The combination of “comfort foods”, high insulin levels and high glucocorticoid levels increases abdominal fat depots. This

Intravenous [[insulin]] with [[glucose]], and inhaled [[adrenergic beta-agonist]]s, used separate

...hen blood glucose levels are low, and its effects are opposite to those of insulin. In the liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation and the absorption ...ypothalamus is also sensitive to circulating concentrations of glucose and insulin, and to body temperature. When the ambient temperature is low, the metaboli

...hen blood glucose levels are low, and its effects are opposite to those of insulin. In the liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation and the absorption ...ypothalamus is also sensitive to circulating concentrations of glucose and insulin, and to body temperature. When the ambient temperature is low, the metaboli

===Development of leptin and insulin resistance during different reproductive states=== ...the association of obesity with chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance <ref name=Wuntakal09/>. A further, well documented implication o