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===X-ray computed tomography=== Spiral [[x-ray computed tomography]] ''with'' oral and intravenous contrast has accuracy

...ov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=Tomography,+X-Ray+Computed |title=Tomography, X-Ray Computed |accessdate=2007-12-09 |author=National Library of Medicine |autho

...h is released suddenly in the star’s upper atmosphere, producing flares of X-ray and other light forms. The same process produces X-rays in Sol but greater ...photo/2004/proxima/ Proxima Centauri: The nearest star to the sun] Chandra X-ray Observatory</ref><ref name= KalerUIU-C/>

...illion miles per hour (approximately 16 million kilometers per hour). From x-ray images of the bullet cluster astronomers surmise that the reason for the sh Detecting the separation of the two types of matter was done by comparing x-ray images of the luminous matter with the total mass of the clusters. Total ma

...ues being imaged, but is not extremely precise in delineating structure. [[X-ray computed tomography]] gives no physiologic information, but is extremely de

{{Image|Andromeda.jpg|left|300px|Andromeda constellation<ref> Chandra X-ray Observatory/ NASA [http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/constellations/andromed

...mergency physicians and cardiologists routinely do the first reading of an X-ray used in the evaluation of chest pain. ..., spinal, and head and neck structures, using techniques including plain [[X-ray]], [[angiography]], interventional procedures for the nervous system, [[my

...s. When "medical images" are mentioned, many people immediately think of [[X-ray]]s and other methods in [[radiology]] and [[nuclear medicine]] that create ...then scanning it into machine-readable form was cumbersome. Modern digital X-ray, however, uses an electronic sensor rather than film. That digital image wi

| title = Mercury Fulminate Revealed: Researchers finally determine X-ray structure of infamous explosive

...s) or [[nuclear fusion]] (merging of nuclei). Energy release is in the [[X-ray]], [[gamma radiation]] and [[cosmic radiation]] ranges of the [[electromagn ...s of the nature and uses of [[electricity]] that led to the discovery of [[X-ray]]s....

In 1923 [[Arthur Compton]] scattered [[X-ray]]s off electrons and showed that the light quanta have&mdash;in addition to

{{r|X-ray}}

A [[computed tomography]] (CT) scan can uncover tumors not yet visible on an X-ray. CT scanning is now being actively evaluated as a screening tool for lung c ...Screening Study, a randomized feasibility study of spiral CT versus chest X-ray screening for lung cancer |journal=Lung Cancer |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=9

If the probe is labeled radioactively it can be detected with X-ray sensitive film, or more recently, fluorescent imagers have been used. If th

...and toy-like models to provide himself with a visual model rather than a -x-ray crystallography or mathematical version. Pauling's approach was basically t ...ples in May 1951, he met Maurice Wilkins who was presenting a paper on the X-ray diffraction pattern of crystalline DNA. This was the first time Watson came

...and can be diagnosed only with imaging such as a chest X-ray or [[computed X-ray tomography]] scan, which may not be available in large disasters. Patients

...), for his services in the analysis of [[crystal]] structure by means of [[X-ray]]s.

[[Blood test]]s and [[X-ray]]s of the affected joints often are performed to make the diagnosis.

An '''autoradiograph''' is an image produced on a [[x-ray film]] or nuclear emulsion by the pattern of decay emissions (e.g., [[beta

...ventor and entrepreneur Dessauer developed techniques for deep-penetration X-ray therapy in which weak rays are aimed from different angles to intersect at ...fellow emigre eminent surgeon Rudolf Nissen (1896-1981): “Dessauer was an X-Ray pioneer during the period when no protection was applied against rays in t

...gands [[androstenedione]] (cyan) and [[heme]] (yellow) was determined by [[x-ray crystallography]].<ref>{{cite journal|authors = Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Er

#Focus on structure: [[MRI]], [[computed tomography|CT]], [[X-ray]], [[ultrasonography]] (US), [[infrared imaging|IR]], digital photographs (

...26 November. The ''Battle of Ia Drang'', which included the battles of LZ X-ray (14 to 16 November) and LZ Albany (17 to 18 November), occurred during the ...ard|date=1983|url=http://www.generalhieu.com/lzxray_knowles-2.htm|title=LZ X-Ray Battle}}, p.7</ref>

...an let the surgeon focus on the operative field, but simultaneously have [[X-ray]] or other medical imaging superimposed on the real patient.

...ations of objects of clinical interest.<ref>{{MeSH}}</ref> These include [[x-ray]]s, [[Computed tomography|computed tomography (CT)]], [[Magnetic resonance

===Density of solid objects by x-ray diffraction crystallography=== ...mass]] of the material and on information provided by [[x-ray diffraction|x-ray crystallography]]:

===Plain x-ray=== Plain [[X-ray]]s are often normal or show non-specific findings.<ref>{{cite journal | aut

...larger than 5 to 6 mm is considered a positive result for screening with [[x-ray computed tomography]] .<ref name="pmid23420233">{{cite journal| author=Hens ====Chest x-ray====

...t and used to improve the visibility of internal bodily structures in an [[X-ray]] image, including [[computed tomography]] (CT). There are two basic types of contrast agents used in [[X-ray]] examinations.

...n’s syndrome can cause inflammation in the lungs, which will be visible on X-ray

|event='''1951''': [[Rosalind Franklin]] created a high quality [[X-ray diffraction]] photograph to reveal more detail of the repeating structure o

*'''Part IV''' covers X-ray interpretation and diagnosis, chiropractic technique, and case management s

...ic" sulphur can be produced through the rapid cooling of molten sulphur. [[X-ray crystallography]] studies show that the amorphous form may have a [[helix|h

...nasal fracture by clinical history and physical examination rather than by x-ray or other imaging study. The picture to the right shows many of the details

...they thought]. Space.com.</ref> While early detections mainly utilized the X-ray and gamma-ray emitted from the believed accretion activities, infrared astr

...electrical nature of the [[atom]]. This knowledge led to improvements in [[X-ray|X-rays]] diffraction and structural analyses and the assignment of [[atomic

...du/resources/illustrations/supernova.html Supernovas and Remnants] Chandra X-ray Observatory Retrieved 30, Oct, 2007</ref> ...du/resources/illustrations/supernova.html Supernovas and remnants] Chandra X-ray Observatory</ref>

...from displaying and editing text documents, to [[gaming]] and displaying [[X-ray|x-rays]]. A version of Windows (called [[Windows Media Center Edition]] or

[[X-ray computerized tomography]] is valuable. Chest X-ray may reveal bacterial pneumonia and suggest the pathogen.

** Chandra X-ray Observatory

...ge, black-body radiation, alpha particle emission, and [[X-ray diffraction|X-ray]] measurements of crystals. ...diffraction was used to determine Avogadro’s constant. Before the 1930s, X-ray wavelengths were not known with enough accuracy, but today lattice spacing

...techniques (characterization techniques such as [[electron microscopy]], [[x-ray diffraction]], [[calorimetry]], [[nuclear microscopy (HEFIB)]], [[Rutherfo ...[[chemical analysis]] such as [[Raman spectroscopy]], [[energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy|energy-dispersive spectroscopy]] (EDS), [[chromatography]], [[

...ex with two nitrates and two triethyl phosphates has been characterised by X-ray crystalography.<ref>Burns JH (1983) Solvent-extraction complexes of the ura

...me=SonderburgEtAl>[http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/0802.1712 An extremely luminous X-ray outburst marking the birth of a normal supernova] Sonderburg, M. et al (Feb

...ineal gland is a midline structure, and is often seen in plain [[skull]] [[X-ray]]s, as it is often calcified.

Plain [[X-ray]]s are often normal or show non-specific findings.<ref>{{cite journal | aut

*They do not measure neutron, beta, alpha or some X-ray accumulation ...ously intended for alpha, beta/gamma, and low-energy X-ray radiation. The X-ray probe allows detection of plutonium and americium contamination. "Knowing t

...n the pathology caused by that dose of gamma ray|gamma radiation; beta and X-ray exposures are comparable. If the exposure was to neutrons or protons, which

...angiography''', also called '''CT coronary angiography''', is a form of [[x-ray computed tomography]] for examining the [[coronary artery|coronary arteries

...hese structures have been known for some time, and well characterized by [[X-ray crystallography|crystallography]]; however, an understanding of their relat | title = Covalency of the Hydrogen Bond in Ice: A Direct X-Ray Measurement

...g glimpses of these basic histones in eukaryotic cells came in 1997 when [[X-ray diffraction]] revealed their organisation [4]. Histone proteins are rich in

<td rowspan="1"> For the discovery of [[X-ray]]s <td rowspan="1"> For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy

...diac physical findings or murmurs associated with an abnormal ECG or chest X-ray."

...ariables fall into four main groups; eruptive, cataclysmic , pulsating and x-ray stars. ===X-ray sources===

- Upper GI X-ray: 600 mR (6 mSv) per exposure - Chest X-ray: 10 mR (0.1 mSv) per exposure

...n animals and humans requires direct evidence that XXX, usually by [[plane x-ray]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI imaging]].

...Ottawa knee rule, a [[clinical prediction rule]], can guide need for an [[x-ray]]:<ref name="pmid14734335">{{cite journal |author=Bachmann LM, Haberzeth S,

...estigation of aquo and chloro complexes of UO22+, NpO2+, Np4+, and Pu3+ by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. ''Inorganic Chemistry'', 1997, '''3

...t an intermediate mechanism, caused the compression. Teller said that the X-ray wavelengths are in the "soft" rather than "hard" energy range. Since the X- | title = Overview of the Dynamic-Hohlraum X-ray Source at Sandia National Laboratories

...ce in one of the original papers on the crystal structure as determined by X-ray [[powder diffraction]] that describes Polonium's structure as an [[interpen Two papers report X-ray [[diffraction]] experiments on Po metal.<ref>R.J. Desando and R.C Lange, ''

* X-ray and Gamma-ray data

...ed with a fine needle. Such aspiration often is guided by ultrasonography, X-ray, computerized tomography and other techniques in which the cytopathologist

* [[X-ray diffraction]] or [[X-ray crystallography]]: A technique that determines three-dimensional arrangemen

...d Joe Galloway, a reporter who was at Moore's side during the #LZ X-Ray|LZ X-Ray engagement<ref name=Moore1999>{{Citation ===LZ X-Ray===

...sition to make this interpretation because he had previously worked on the X-ray diffraction data for another large molecule that had the same structural sy

...mit of normal, and 3) characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on a [[X-ray computed tomography|CT scan]]."<ref name="pmid17032204">{{cite journal |aut

In 1913 [[Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley]] performed [[X-ray]] measurements on a large number of elements and interpreted his results wi

...tography include photograms, microphotography, infra red, ultra violet and x-ray photography and astronomical photography using various kinds of telescopes.

...or=Möllmann KM, Bonnevie O, Gudmand-Höyer E, Wulff HR |title=Nosography of X-ray negative dyspepsia |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=11 |issue=2 |p

* Minimal brain injury which may be defined at abnormal [[x-ray computed tomography]] of the head and a [[Glasgow Coma Scale]] of 14 or 15. ...umsearch.uthscsa.edu/cite/--></ref> studies, suggest that routine repeat [[x-ray computed tomography]] of the head is not needed unless the patient shows si

...ology]], [[physiology]], [[microbiology]], [[diagnosis]], [[neurology]], [[x-ray]], [[orthopedics]], [[obstetrics]]/[[gynecology]], [[histology]], and [[pat

[[X-ray computed tomography]] has also been used. In a study that also used [[magne

...reporters], and this commentary by astronomers involved with the [[Chandra X-Ray Observatory]] [http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/02_releases/press_102202.ht

...', also called '''CT pulmonary angiography''' ('''CTPA'''), is a form of [[x-ray computed tomography]] for examining the pulmonary vessels.<ref name="pmid18

...agnetic resonance imaging]] and high-resolution [[ultrasonography]]. Plain X-ray [[radiograph]]s tend not to give useful information.<ref name=Norvell2007 /

...waves in increasing [[wavelength]] are: [[gamma radiation|gamma rays]], [[X-ray]]s,

...y originate from electromagnetic energy 'captured' by alcohol or lactose ('X-ray', 'Sol' (sunlight), [http://www.hominf.org/posi/posiintr.htm 'Positronium']

...and the [[gas chromatography|gas chromatograph]] mass spectrometer. The [[X-ray]] [[fluorescence]] spectrometer was also mounted within the structure. A [[

...generally >5 MeV) [[alpha particle]]s and low energy (<20 keV) gamma and [[x-ray]]s as they transform into [[uranium]]. The isotopes Pu-241 and Pu-243 unde

...to X-rays, limited only by the propagation of the signal from the source. X-ray sources, for example, must be in very close proximity to the target, while

...ng the first collection of Arabidopsis mutants that they generated using [[x-ray]] [[mutagenesis]]. Laibach continued his important contributions to Arabido

...he spectra invisible to humans ([[radio telescope]]s, infra-red cameras, [[x-ray telescope]]s), allow detection of other galaxies that are not detected by H Galaxies that emit high-energy radiation in the form of [[x-ray]]s are classified as [[Seyfert galaxy|Seyfert galaxies]], [[quasars]] and [

[[X-ray]] of the cervical spine should be considered, especially if the patient ful

* [[X-ray crystallography]]

...ctron microscopy]], with [[NMR spectroscopy]], and most importantly with [[X-ray crystallography]]. ...py]] and showed that it remains active even after crystallization. Clear [[X-ray diffraction]] pictures of the crystallized virus were obtained by Bernal an

...yi's scientific interests were diverse, embracing [[chemical kinetics]], [[x-ray diffraction]] and the absorption of gases at solid surfaces.

...hese were originally intended to detect nuclear explosions in space, using X-ray, neutron and gamma ray detectors. Advanced VELA satellites added devices ca ...yield, of high explosive, is hydrodynamic testing, in which extremely fast X-ray, neutron, or other specialized camera measure, in microseconds, the explosi

...du/resources/illustrations/supernova.html Supernovas and remnants] Chandra X-ray Observatory</ref>

[[Image:TBXray2543.jpg |300 px|thumb|right|Chest X-ray of lungs showing M. Tuberculosis]]

...metal detectors is one reason that mines were made that do not show up on X-ray: metal is both radioopaque and often will affect a magnetic field.

...considered a complement to the gold standard (medicine)|"gold standard" of X-ray mammography, although some see it as possibly becoming the primary screenin

...es=825–34 |year=2004 |month=May |pmid=15137601 |doi= |url= |issn=}}</ref>[[X-ray computed tomography]] of the head should be considered, especially if the p [[X-ray]] of the cervical spine should be considered, especially if the patient ful

A variety of nonintrusive imaging and sensing devices can be used. [[X-ray]], [[ultrasound]], and other techniques may be able to visualize the intern

{{main|X-ray astronomy|gamma ray astronomy}} ...t|eV]]) are considered of high energy; they are further sub-divided inro [[X-ray|X-rays]] (energies below about 100 keV<ref>There is no agreement about this

** ''In the X-Ray'' (''[[Weird Tales]]'', July 1949)

...l, making it a powerful research tool for genetics.) Through her work with X-ray-mutagenized maize, she identified [[ring chromosome]]s, which form when the

...l, making it a powerful research tool for genetics.) Through her work with X-ray-mutagenized maize, she identified [[ring chromosome]]s, which form when the

*Condition X (X-Ray) is appropriate for in-port operations or at-sea operations in good weather

...at is at first visible only on MRI studies, but which later can be seen by X-ray imaging). Compensation and adaptation can occur, and the problems may exten ...heir interventions, they seized enthusiastically on the newly-discovered [[X-ray]] technology, and introduced an early heat-sensing device (the neurocalomet