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==Founding experiments==
==Founding work==


{{timeline
{{timeline
|height= 30
|height= 100
|title=  
|title=  
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>c 1805:</big> [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]]'s [[double-slit experiment]] demonstrating the wave nature of light.
|event= '''c 1805:''' [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]]'s [[double-slit experiment]] demonstrating the wave nature of light.
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1896:</big> [[Henri Becquerel]] discovers [[radioactivity]].
|event= '''1896:''' [[Henri Becquerel]] discovers [[radioactivity]].
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1897:</big> [[Joseph John Thomson]]'s cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the [[electron]] and its negative charge).
|event= '''1897:''' [[Joseph John Thomson]]'s cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the [[electron]] and its negative charge).
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1850 - 1900:</big> The study of [[black body radiation]], which could not be explained without quantum concepts.
|event= '''1850 - 1900:''' The study of [[black body radiation]], which gave the unexplainable [[UV catastrophe]].
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1905:</big> The [[photoelectric effect]]: Explained by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] (who later received a Nobel prize for it) using the concept of photons, particles of light with quantized energy.
|event= '''1900:''' The study of [[black body radiation]] led [[Max Planck]] to  quantization of energy; full explanation of spectrum, including the ultraviolet (UV).
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1909:</big> [[Robert Millikan]]'s [[oil-drop experiment]], which showed that [[electric charge]] occurs as ''[[quantum|quanta]]'' (whole units).
|event= '''1905:''' The [[photoelectric effect]]: Explained by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] using the concept of photons, particles of light with quantized energy.
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1911:</big> [[Ernest Rutherford]]'s [[Geiger-Marsden experiment|gold foil experiment]] disproved the plum pudding model of the [[atom]] which suggested that the mass and positive charge of the atom are almost uniformly distributed.
|event= '''1909:''' [[Robert Millikan]]'s [[oil-drop experiment]], which showed that [[electric charge]] occurs as ''[[quantum|quanta]]'' (whole units).
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1920:</big> [[Otto Stern]] and [[Walther Gerlach]] conduct the [[Stern-Gerlach experiment]], which demonstrates the quantized nature of particle [[Spin (physics)|spin]].
|event= '''1911:''' [[Ernest Rutherford]]'s [[Geiger-Marsden experiment|gold foil experiment]] disproved the plum pudding model of the [[atom]] which suggested that the mass and positive charge of the atom are almost uniformly distributed.
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1927:</big> [[Clinton Davisson]] and [[Lester Germer]] demonstrate the wave nature of the [[electron]] <ref>[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/davger2.html The Davisson-Germer experiment, which demonstrates the wave nature of the electron]</ref> in the [[Electron diffraction]] experiment.
|event= '''1913:''' [[Niels Bohr]]'s explanation of stationary states of [[hydrogen-like atom|hydrogen atom]]
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1955:</big> [[Clyde L. Cowan]] and [[Frederick Reines]] confirm the existence of the [[neutrino]] in the [[neutrino experiment]].
|event= '''1920:''' [[Otto Stern]] and [[Walther Gerlach]] conduct the [[Stern-Gerlach experiment]], which demonstrates a doublet  nature of spectra, later interpreted as [[Spin (physics)|spin]].
|width= 70%
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1961:</big> [[Claus Jönsson]]`s [[double-slit experiment]] with electrons.
|event= '''1924:'''
|width= 70%
*[[Louis de Broglie]] extends the particle-wave duality to cover all particles
*[[Werner Heisenberg]]  invents matrix mechanics
*[[Erwin Schrödinger]] formulates his wave function equation; proves equivalence with matrix
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
<!--
{{TLevent
{{TLevent
|event= <big>1980:</big> The [[Quantum Hall effect]], discovered by [[Klaus von Klitzing]]. The quantized version of the [[Hall effect]] has allowed for the definition of a new practical standard for [[electrical resistance]] and for an extremely precise independent determination of the [[fine structure constant]].
|event= <big>1927:</big> [[Werner Heisenberg]] propounds the [[Uncertainty Principle]]|width= 90%
|width= 70%
|color= #FFF
}}
-->
{{TLevent
|event= '''1927:''' [[Clinton Davisson]] and [[Lester Germer]] demonstrate the wave nature of the [[electron]] <ref>[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/davger2.html The Davisson-Germer experiment, which demonstrates the wave nature of the electron]</ref> in the [[Electron diffraction]] experiment.
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1935:''' The [[EPR]] paper by Einstein and two collaborators points out an important, and previously non-understood implication of quantum mechanics
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1955:''' [[Clyde L. Cowan]] and [[Frederick Reines]] confirm the existence of the [[neutrino]] in the [[neutrino experiment]].
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1961:''' [[Claus Jönsson]]`s [[double-slit experiment]] with electrons.
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1964:''' [[J. S. Bell]]'s theorem proves that so-called 'local' theories cannot predict quantum outcomes
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1980:''' The [[Quantum Hall effect]], discovered by [[Klaus von Klitzing]]. The quantized version of the [[Hall effect]] has allowed for the definition of a new practical standard for [[electrical resistance]] and for an extremely precise independent determination of the [[fine structure constant]].
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
}}
{{TLevent
|event= '''1982:''' [[Alain Aspect]]'s group at the [[University of Orsay]] confirm Bell's prediction, and prove Einstein was wrong
|width= 550px
|color= #FFF
|color= #FFF
}}
}}
|}
|}
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Latest revision as of 10:02, 11 April 2008

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https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Quantum_mechanics/Timelines&printable=yes
A timeline (or several) relating to Quantum mechanics.

Founding work

c 1805: Thomas Young's double-slit experiment demonstrating the wave nature of light.
1896: Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
1897: Joseph John Thomson's cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the electron and its negative charge).
1850 - 1900: The study of black body radiation, which gave the unexplainable UV catastrophe.
1900: The study of black body radiation led Max Planck to quantization of energy; full explanation of spectrum, including the ultraviolet (UV).
1905: The photoelectric effect: Explained by Einstein using the concept of photons, particles of light with quantized energy.
1909: Robert Millikan's oil-drop experiment, which showed that electric charge occurs as quanta (whole units).
1911: Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment disproved the plum pudding model of the atom which suggested that the mass and positive charge of the atom are almost uniformly distributed.
1913: Niels Bohr's explanation of stationary states of hydrogen atom
1920: Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach conduct the Stern-Gerlach experiment, which demonstrates a doublet nature of spectra, later interpreted as spin.
1924:
1927: Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer demonstrate the wave nature of the electron [1] in the Electron diffraction experiment.
1935: The EPR paper by Einstein and two collaborators points out an important, and previously non-understood implication of quantum mechanics
1955: Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of the neutrino in the neutrino experiment.
1961: Claus Jönsson`s double-slit experiment with electrons.
1964: J. S. Bell's theorem proves that so-called 'local' theories cannot predict quantum outcomes
1980: The Quantum Hall effect, discovered by Klaus von Klitzing. The quantized version of the Hall effect has allowed for the definition of a new practical standard for electrical resistance and for an extremely precise independent determination of the fine structure constant.
1982: Alain Aspect's group at the University of Orsay confirm Bell's prediction, and prove Einstein was wrong





  1. ↑ The Davisson-Germer experiment, which demonstrates the wave nature of the electron
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