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{{Image|PearlHarbor Sm.jpg|right|350px|Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.}}
{{Image|PearlHarbor Sm.jpg|right|350px|Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.}}
'''Pearl Harbor''', located in Honolulu, [[Hawaii (U.S. state)|Hawaii]] on the island of O'ahu, is a [[United States of America|U.S.]] naval base that, during '''[[World War II]]''', was the target of an attack by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] on December 7, 1941 via submarine and air. The Pearl Harbor commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] (Navy) and [[lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] (Army), had no warning of the attack, and command at Pearl Harbor was badly fragmented, to the point of absurdity where the Army's highest alert was Level 3, but the Navy's ''lowest'' alert was Level 3. <blockquote>Had all the forces in Hawaii been under the vigorous operational control of a single commander &mdash; most likely the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet &mdash; it is unlikely (though not inconceivable) that multiple alert systems would have existed side by side, that the air above the islands would not have had a single center controlling it, or that Oahu's fighter defenses would have assumed that long-range patrols would give them four hours' warning of an enemy's approach.<ref>{{citation
'''Pearl Harbor''', located in Honolulu, [[Hawaii (U.S. state)|Hawaii]] on the island of O'ahu, is a [[United States of America|U.S.]] naval base that, during '''[[World War II]]''', was the target of a devastating surprise attack by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] on December 7, 1941. This attack galvanized the American public, which until then had resisted entry into [[World War II]], to intervene in defense of the Allies.   
| title = Military Misfortunes: the Anatomy of Failure in War
| author = Eliot A. Cohen and John Gooch
| publisher = Vintage/Random House
| year = 1990 | isbn= 679743969}}, pp. 54-55</ref></blockquote>


The Pearl Harbor commanders, Admiral [[Husband Kimmel]] (Navy) and [[lieutenant general|Lieutenant General]] [[Walter Short]] (Army), had no warning of the attack, during which 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 wounded.  Eighteen U.S. ships were lost, including five battleships.  By contrast, only 55 Japanese airmen and 9 submariners were killed (with 1 captured), with just 29 of the 350 Japanese planes that took part in the raid lost.


==References==
==References==
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Pearl Harbor as seen from the air in 2000.

Pearl Harbor, located in Honolulu, Hawaii on the island of O'ahu, is a U.S. naval base that, during World War II, was the target of a devastating surprise attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy on December 7, 1941. This attack galvanized the American public, which until then had resisted entry into World War II, to intervene in defense of the Allies.

The Pearl Harbor commanders, Admiral Husband Kimmel (Navy) and Lieutenant General Walter Short (Army), had no warning of the attack, during which 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 wounded. Eighteen U.S. ships were lost, including five battleships. By contrast, only 55 Japanese airmen and 9 submariners were killed (with 1 captured), with just 29 of the 350 Japanese planes that took part in the raid lost.

References

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