Nuremberg Trials/Related Articles

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Parent topics

• International law [r]: Add brief definition or description
• World War II [r]: (1931–1945) global war killing 53 million people, with the "Allies" (UK, US, Soviet Union) eventually halting aggressive expansion by the "Axis" (Nazi Germany and Japan). ^[e]
• War crime [r]: Acts that violate the laws of war as they applied in the time and place of commission, or that were deemed violations of law, possibly ex post facto, as determined by a competent tribunal ^[e]

Subtopics

Legal background

• Allied Control Commission [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Crimes against peace [r]: Also called waging aggressive war, a definition of a war crime derived from the Kellogg-Briand Pact, involving planning and initiating violence not in self-defense ^[e]
• Crimes against humanity [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Hague Conventions [r]: The first set of international agreements on the laws and conduct of war, generated by conferences in 1899 and 1907 ^[e]
• Hostis humani generis [r]: A legal principle that certain acts, such as piracy, slavery and genocide, puts one outside the norms of civilization and makes one an "enemy of all mankind", subject to early forms of universal jurisdiction or summary action ^[e]
• Just war theory [r]: The branch of ethics concerned with the basis for starting, conducting, and terminating wars ^[e]
• Kellogg-Briand Pact [r]: (Kellogg-Briand Pact) An international agreement, first signed in 1928 and eventually agreed-to by a large number of the world's nations at the time, which rejected the use of war to settle disputes; it had no notable effect on world events ^[e]

Individual defendants

• Hermann Goering [r]: prominent Nazi politician, effectively #2 in status for most of the war and Commander-in-Chief of the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) during WW II. Sentenced to death by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) but committed suicide shortly before execution ^[e]
• Rudolf Hess [r]: Early Nazi Party member to whom Adolf Hitler dictated Mein Kampf; became Deputy Fuhrer but lost bureaucratic power; made an unauthorized flight to Great Britain in 1941 to seek a peace agreement but was interned; sentenced to life imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) and died in Spandau Prison ^[e]
• Joachim von Ribbentrop [r]: Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, of lessened importance when the extension of national policies became military rather than diplomatic; tried and executed, principally for planning war, by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Wilhelm Keitel [r]: Field Marshal of Nazi Germany who headed the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht; executed for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Ernst Kaltenbrunner [r]: Second commander of the Reich Main Security Administration (RSHA) of the SS of Nazi Germany; executed for war crimes by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Alfred Rosenberg [r]: Early Nazi Party member and philopsopher, later Minister for the occupied territories on the Eastern Front; tried and executed by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Hans Frank [r]: Nazi lawyer, who directed the occupation of Poland (i.e., the Generalgouvernement); executed by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Wilhelm Frick [r]: (1877-1946) Early Nazi who took part in the Beer Hall Putsch; later Reich Minister of the Interior of Nazi Germany with authority over the Nuremberg Laws; titular authority over the police apparatus that was actually controlled by Heinrich Himmler; last Protector of Bohemia and Moravia; executed by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Julius Streicher [r]: Early member of the Nazi Party, who published an extremely anti-Semitic newspaper; Gauleiter of Franconia (1929-1940); removed for corruption; While he was not in the war planning circles, he was executed for his participation in incitement to genocide ^[e]
• Walther Funk [r]: President of the Nazi Reichsbank from 1939, after replacing Hjalmar Schacht, taking a supportive but not primary role in confiscation of assets from Jews and from conquered countries, and sentenced to life imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Karl Doenitz [r]: German naval officer who rose to head the submarine forces of Nazi Germany, then the overall naval command (Oberkommando der Marine), and was briefly Adolf Hitler's successor as President of the Reich. Sentenced to 10 years imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) ^[e]
• Erich Raeder [r]: First commander of the Navy of Nazi Germany, replaced by Karl Doenitz; convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal (Nuremberg) and sentenced to life, but later commuted ^[e]
• Baldur von Schirach [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Fritz Sauckel [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Alfred Jodl [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Arthur Seyss-Inquart [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Albert Speer [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Constantin von Neurath [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Martin Bormann [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Hjalmar Schacht [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Franz von Papen [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Hans Fritzsche [r]: Add brief definition or description

Organizational defendants

• Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party [r]: Add brief definition or description
  • Reichsleiter [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Oberkommando der Wehrmacht [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Gestapo [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Schutzstaffel [r]: Add brief definition or description
• German general staff [r]: Add brief definition or description
• High Command of the Armed Forces [r]: Add brief definition or description

Officials

• Geoffrey Lawrence [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Airey Neave [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Telford Taylor [r]: Add brief definition or description

Derivatives

• Nuremberg Military Tribunals [r]: Add brief definition or description
• Nuremberg Code [r]: Add brief definition or description
• International Military Tribunal for the Far East [r]: Add brief definition or description

Other related topics

• International Court of Justice [r]: Add brief definition or description
• International Criminal Court [r]: Add brief definition or description