Ludwig II King of Bavaria

Ludwig II (Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Wittelsbach) (25 August, 1845, Munich - 13 June, 1886, Lake Starnberg) was the fourth King of Bavaria. Ludwig was a member of the House of Wittelsbach, and the eldest son of King Maximilian II of Bavaria, and Queen Marie Hohenzollern of Prussia. Ludwig is most well known for his extravigant building projects in Bavaria, the palaces of Linderhof, Neuschwanstein, and Schloss Herrenchiemsee, the cost of which was cited as part of the basis for his removal from power in 1886 on medical grounds. Shortly after he was deposed he died mysteriously in Lake Starnberg, on the outskirts of Munich.

Childhood

Ludwig was born in Schloss Nymphenburg in the early hours of the morning on 25 August 1846. He was originally named Otto, but his name was changed at the request of his grandfather, Ludwig I, whos birthday he shared. Ludwig had a dificult childhood. When Ludwig was 2 years old, Ludwig I abdicated as a result of the Lola Montez scandal, causing Ludwig II to become the Crown Prince of Bavaria at such an early age that it is likely that he did not ever remember holding any position in society. He and his brother Otto were segregated from other children, and raised by tutors, with an accelerated learning schedule. Discipline for the young princes was harsh, and took the form of beatings, meted out by their father, as it was inappropriate for servants to lay hands on the boys. Otherwise the relationship between father and son was cold and distant. Cabinet Secretary Pfistermeister, Maximillian's, and later Ludwig's, confidential advior, noted:

The King only saw his two sons , Prince Ludwig and Prince Otto, one or two times a day: at midday for the second breakast and in the evening at the dinner table. He seldom saw them in the apartments in which they grew up. On the occasions he did see them he merely offered his hand in greeting and then made a hasty retreat.

When Pfistermeister suggested to Maximillian that he spend more time with Ludwig, Maximillians response was

What could I talk to him about? We haven't any interests in common.

Of their relationship with Queen Marie, Pfistermeister said:

The Queen, too had little notion of how to form a good relationship with the Princes. She did visit them in their rooms more often (then the father), but was unable to behave with them in a way which children understand. And so no real fondness grew between them.

This lack of a close relationship with his mother is demonstrated by the way the adult Ludwig referred to her as "the widow of my predecessor", a "Prussian Princess", and "an underling".

Insanity

Ludwig was removed from power in 1886 because of a report by a medical commission of four doctors, led by Dr. Bernhard von Gudden which stated that he was suffering from paranoia, a condition now known as paranoid schizophrenia.

Deposed

Upon his removal from power and imprisonment at the family estate, Berg, on the shores of Lake Starnberg, Ludwig's younger brother Otto became King of Bavaria. Due to a similar mental condition, Otto was also unable to rule. Therefore, Ludwig's uncle, Luitpold, ruled as Prince Regent of Bavaria.

Death

Shortly after Ludwig's arrest, both he and Dr. von Gudden died mysteriously in Lake Starnberg, near Munich. The cause of Ludwig's death has not been determined, but the three most common theories are assassination, accidental death while trying to escape, and murder/suicide. Ludwig is interred at Saint Michaels Church in Munich.