International Concert Pitch: Difference between revisions
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'''International Concert Pitch''' is a standardization of [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] that sets the frequency of a simple [[Tone (music)|tone]] at pitch ''A''4 (the ''A'' above middle ''C'') to be 440 Hz.<ref name=Vennard/> | '''International Concert Pitch''' is a standardization of [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] that sets the frequency of a simple [[Tone (music)|tone]] at pitch ''A''4 (the ''A'' above middle ''C'') to be 440 Hz.<ref name=Vennard/> | ||
In 1939, an international conference recommended that the ''A'' above middle ''C'' be tuned to 440 Hz, now a standard known as ''International Concert Pitch''. This standard was taken up by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] in 1955 (and was reaffirmed by them in 1975) as ISO 16. The difference between this and the ''diapason normal'' is due to confusion over which temperature the French standard should be measured at. The initial standard was ''A'' = 439 Hz, but this was superseded by ''A'' = 440 Hz after complaints that 439 Hz was difficult to reproduce in a laboratory owing to 439 being a [[prime number]].<ref name=Cavanagh/> | In 1939, an international conference recommended that the ''A'' above middle ''C'' be tuned to 440 Hz, now a standard known as ''International Concert Pitch''. This standard was taken up by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] in 1955 (and was reaffirmed by them in 1975) as ISO 16. | ||
The difference between this and the ''diapason normal'' at 435 Hz is due to confusion over which temperature the French standard should be measured at.<ref name=Audsley/> The initial standard was ''A'' = 439 Hz, but this was superseded by ''A'' = 440 Hz after complaints that 439 Hz was difficult to reproduce in a laboratory owing to 439 being a [[prime number]].<ref name=Cavanagh/> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:30, 5 July 2012
International Concert Pitch is a standardization of pitch that sets the frequency of a simple tone at pitch A4 (the A above middle C) to be 440 Hz.[1]
In 1939, an international conference recommended that the A above middle C be tuned to 440 Hz, now a standard known as International Concert Pitch. This standard was taken up by the International Organization for Standardization in 1955 (and was reaffirmed by them in 1975) as ISO 16.
The difference between this and the diapason normal at 435 Hz is due to confusion over which temperature the French standard should be measured at.[2] The initial standard was A = 439 Hz, but this was superseded by A = 440 Hz after complaints that 439 Hz was difficult to reproduce in a laboratory owing to 439 being a prime number.[3]
References
- ↑ William Vennard (1967). “Pitch”, Singing: The Mechanism and the Technic, 5th ed. Carl Fischer, LLC, p. 3. ISBN 0825800552.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAudsley - ↑ Lynn Cavanagh. A brief history of the establishment of international standard pitch a=440 hertz (PDF). WAM: Webzin o audiju i muzici. Retrieved on 2012-06-27.