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{{Image|Bell Labs water tower NJ1.jpg|right|300px|The iconic 3-legged "transistor" water tower in front of the (former) Bell Labs facility in Holmdel, NJ, in 2016.}}
'''Bell Laboratories''' is a research and development group, dating from ~1925, formed to create products for the Bell telephone company in the U.S.  By the early 1980s, it employed more than 330,000 scientists and technologists and had made many important advances such as discovering the existence of [[cosmic microwave background]], inventing the [[transistor]], and creating [[Unix]] and [[C (programming language)]].


'''Bell Laboratories''' is a research and development company formed around 1925 in Manhattan to create products for the Bell telephone systems in the United States.  It grew into a large R&D corporation which, by the early 1980's, employed more than 330,000 technologists, had many facilities across the U.S., and was credited with many important discoveries and advances in technology.  It was broken into smaller pieces in 1983 by government intervention (and action called ''divestiture'') in order to break the Bell System's monopoly on telephone equipment and services in the U.S.  As of 2023, the entity called Bell Laboratories, and centered in Murray Hill, NJ, is owned by Nokia Corporation after having changed hands multiple times since the 1983 divestiture.
In 1983, its stranglehold on telephone services and equipment was broken up by government fiat, after which it underwent rapid decline after being forced to compete in a world with no monopolistic protections.  A much smaller version still exists, centered in Murray Hill, NJ, and owned by Nokia Corporation, after having changed hands multiple times since the 1983 divestiture

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The iconic 3-legged "transistor" water tower in front of the (former) Bell Labs facility in Holmdel, NJ, in 2016.

Bell Laboratories is a research and development group, dating from ~1925, formed to create products for the Bell telephone company in the U.S. By the early 1980s, it employed more than 330,000 scientists and technologists and had made many important advances such as discovering the existence of cosmic microwave background, inventing the transistor, and creating Unix and C (programming language).

In 1983, its stranglehold on telephone services and equipment was broken up by government fiat, after which it underwent rapid decline after being forced to compete in a world with no monopolistic protections. A much smaller version still exists, centered in Murray Hill, NJ, and owned by Nokia Corporation, after having changed hands multiple times since the 1983 divestiture

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