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...ational_games/physics/integrated_circuit/history/|title=The History of the Integrated Circuit: The Transistor vs. the Vacuum Tube (The Nobel Foundation) Copyright © Nob

...outlined below. Today, the MOS transistor is the key element of digital [[integrated circuit]]s on a large scale. Despite the origination at Bell Labs of many of the ke ...out'' of devices and circuits are combined in the same steps. A modern ''[[integrated circuit]]'' uses perhaps more than a billion of these devices<ref name=billion/> wi

...nalog circuitry, which is generally harder to build as a completely analog integrated circuit, since passive components such as inductors, transformers and capacitors ar

...entral processing unit]] or CPU) have typically been located on a single [[integrated circuit]] called a [[microprocessor]]. ...]s are primarily ways to package more than one processors onto the same [[integrated circuit]], although some multicore architectures do share on-chip resources among m

...all the essential electronic functions as well as the probe into a single integrated circuit.

...uild the circuit. Such a measure is useful, for example, when designing [[Integrated circuit|hardware microchips]] to compute the function instead of [[software]].

...planar ''npn'' bipolar junction transistor as might be constructed in a [[integrated circuit]].}}

...d even suggesting that digital rights enforcement be built into standard [[integrated circuit]]s that might be used for a purpose totally different than entertainment.

...use for it to go away, but the core can have incremental improvements. New integrated circuit packaging in plastoc allows extended temperature ranges, and almost as much

A processor that is manufactured as a single [[integrated circuit]] is usually known as a [[microprocessor]]. Most CPUs in modern computers a ...eral-purposes processors. This trend accelerated with the advent of the [[integrated circuit]] (IC), which allowed processors to become tiny (on the order of [[millimet

<td rowspan="1"> For work on ICT, for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit

# [[Integrated circuit]]

|title=Analog integrated circuit design

...Minuteman Missile System]], the driving force behind early research into [[integrated circuit]]s. The [[fuel cell]] developed for this program was the first practical fu

...tures (as opposed to large arrays of atoms like a crystal), as in modern [[integrated circuit]]s, is done using the [[scanning electron microscope]]. This instrument bou

Likewise, much of the research underlying the modern [[integrated circuit]] had to be conducted in the wee hours of the morning, so as not to interfe

...alled "[[Silicon Valley]]," named after the material used to produce the [[integrated circuit]]s of the era. This era peaked in 2000, by which time demand for skilled t