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...ed from the large fat mass) but appear to be insensitive to leptin - this "leptin resistance" appears to be similar to the "insulin resistance" seen in type ...which lacks a blood-brain barrier, so it is also possible that ghrelin and leptin gain direct entry into the brain at this site.

...wakefulness. Hormones involved in appetite regulation such as ghrelin and leptin can influence these areas of the brain thus may have a role in resetting th ...(2001) The suprachiasmatic nucleus generates the diurnal changes in plasma leptin levels ''Endocrinology'' 142:2677–85</ref> and yet the role of the SCN in

...the dopamine reward pathways <ref>Figlewicz DP, Benoit SC (2009) Insulin, leptin, and food reward: update 2008 ''Am J Physiol'' 296:R9-19</ref> Receptors fo or inhibition e.g. by insulin or leptin of dopamine signalling to the nucleus accumbens <ref>Magni P ''et al.'' (20

{{r|Leptin}}

...t for short-term appetite control, but newly discovered peptides such as [[leptin]] became more likely candidates for long-term control. ...feeding thus appears to involve other factors, such as the secretion of [[leptin]] from fat ([[adipocyte|adipose]]) tissue.

...leptin... is detectable in serum and that obese subjects have higherserum leptin concentrations than normal- weight subjects. The values were most closely r

...s]]es'' are structures specialised to import blood-borne factors such as [[leptin]] across the blood-brain barrier.<ref>Redzic ZB ''et al.'' (2005) The choro

...ly associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide"'' ...ly associated with the actions of two important regulators of food intake, leptin and neuropeptide Y''

...available. These neurons are regulated by circulating concentrations of [[leptin]] (a hormone secreted from fat cells ([[adipose tissue]]) and [[ghrelin]] ( ...a MSH. These neurons are also regulated by circulating concentrations of [[leptin]] and [[ghrelin]]. They are directly innervated by the NPY/AGRP neurons, wh

...peptide]] (AgRP), and these neurones are inhibited by leptin. Conversely, leptin excitates anorexigenic neurons that express [[pro-opiomelanocortin]] (POM ...is no direct effect of cortisol but it may influence other factors such as leptin, NPY or certain cytokines which have a more direct effect on eating. <ref>

...ted to monogenic causes. Many of these are mutations of proteins in the “[[leptin]] pathway” which has an important role in energy balance. Each of those r {{Image|Leptin_pathway2.png|centre|550px|Leptin pathway}}

...n the regulation of appetite. They are directly activated in response to [[leptin]], a hormone releasec from [[adipocyte]]s that circulates in concentrations

...besity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insul ==Leptin==

...taneous fat explains the association between insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations. ''Diabetes'' 51:1005-15</ref> ...ly caused by a deficiency in leptin; instead there seems to be a defect in leptin signalling. Adipocytes also produce an array of other peptides including [[

...appetite. There seems to be a correlation between AMPK and the hormones [[leptin]] and [[ghrelin]] which have opposite effects on energy uptake. While it is ...o observe the effects of AMPK in the hypothalamus. AMPK was decreased when leptin was injected, while ghrelin caused an increase in production. The effects w

...many peptide hormones secreted by peripheral endocrine tissues, such as [[leptin]], [[ghrelin]], [[angiotensin]] and [[insulin]]. Also pituitary hormones, [ ...creted from the [[stomach]]. These have important effects on [[appetite]]; leptin normally acts to suppress appetite, whereas ghrelin, which is secreted from

*Increase in hormones such as leptin and insulin with weight gain ...o the extent that leptin may increase blood pressure, then the increase in leptin with subcutaneous fat cells (particularly when they become enlarged) could

...that is a potent stimulator of hunger. Conversely, they are inhibited by [[leptin]], a hormone secreted by [[adipocyte]]s in proportion to total body fat mas

...energy intake is used – i.e. how fat we get<ref>Ahima RS ''et al.'' (2000) Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems ''Front Neuroendocrinol'' 21:263-307 < Recently, several new hormonal systems have been discovered - [[leptin]] released by [[adipocytes]] (fat cells) and [[ghrelin]] released from the

...aisse C, Lahlou N, Cabrol S, Pelloux V, Cassuto D. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. ''Nature''. 1998 Ma