21st United States Congress

The Twenty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1829 to March 3, 1831, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Jacksonian or Democratic majority.

1. Dates of sessions

March 4, 1829 - March 3, 1831

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1829 – March 17, 1829
• First session: December 7, 1829 - May 31, 1830
• Second session: December 6, 1830 - March 3, 1831
• Previous congress: 20th Congress
  
• Next congress: 22nd Congress

2. Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate Jacksonian or Democratic (D) : 25 (majority) Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican (NR) : 23 TOTAL members: 48

House of Representatives Jacksonian or Democratic (D) : 136 (majority) Anti-Jacksonian or National Republican (NR) : 72 Anti Masonic (AM) : 5 TOTAL members: 213

3. Leadership

President of the Senate
Vice President
John C. Calhoun

Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • John C. Calhoun, Democratic of South Carolina
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Samuel Smith, Democratic of Maryland, first elected March 13, 1829

House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Andrew Stevenson, Democratic of Virginia, elected December 7, 1829

4. Major events

• March 4, 1829 -- Andrew Jackson became President of the United States

5. Major legislation

• May 28, 1830 -- Indian Removal Act, ch. 148, US Statute 4#411

6. Membership highlights by chamber

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.

Alabama 2: William R. D. King (D) 3: John McKinley (D) Connecticut 3: Calvin Willey (NR) 1: Samuel A. Foote (NR) Delaware 1: Louis McLane (D) Arnold Naudain (NR) 2: John M. Clayton (NR) Georgia 3: John Macpherson Berrien (D) John Forsyth (D) 2: George M. Troup (D) Illinois 3: Elias K. Kane (D) 2: John McLean (D) David J. Baker (D) John M. Robinson (D) Indiana 1: James Noble (NR) 3: William Hendricks (NR) Kentucky 3: John Rowan (D) 2: George M. Bibb (D) Louisiana 3: Josiah S. Johnston (NR) 2: Edward Livingston (D)

Maine 1: John Holmes (NR) 2: Peleg Sprague (NR) Maryland 1: Samuel Smith (D) 3: Ezekiel F. Chambers (NR) Massachusetts 2: Nathaniel Silsbee (NR) 1: Daniel Webster (NR) Mississippi 1: Powhatan Ellis (D) 2: Thomas B. Reed (D) Robert H. Adams (D) George Poindexter (D) Missouri 3: David Barton (NR) 1: Thomas H. Benton (D) New Hampshire 2: Samuel Bell (NR) 3: Levi Woodbury (D) New Jersey 1: Mahlon Dickerson (D) 2: Theodore Frelinghuysen (NR) New York 3: Nathan Sanford (NR) 1: Charles E. Dudley (D)

North Carolina 2: John Branch (D) Bedford Brown (D) 3: James Iredell, Jr. (D) Ohio 1: Benjamin Ruggles (NR) 3: Jacob Burnet (NR) Pennsylvania 3: William Marks (NR) 1: Isaac D. Barnard (D) Rhode Island 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (NR) 1: Asher Robbins (NR) South Carolina 2: Robert Y. Hayne (D) 3: William Smith (D) Tennessee 1: John H. Eaton (D) Felix Grundy (D) 2: Hugh Lawson White (D) Vermont 1: Horatio Seymour (NR) 3: Dudley Chase (NR) Virginia 2: Littleton W. Tazewell (D) 1: John Tyler (D)

President pro tempore Samuel Smith

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Speaker of the House
Andrew Stevenson

Alabama 1: Clement C. Clay (D) 2: Robert E. B. Baylor (D) 3: Dixon H. Lewis (D) Connecticut A/L: Noyes Barber (NR) A/L: William W. Ellsworth (NR) A/L: Jabez W. Huntington (NR) A/L: Ralph I. Ingersoll (NR) A/L: William L. Storrs (NR) A/L: Ebenezer Young (NR) Delaware A/L: Kensey Johns, Jr. (NR) Georgia A/L: Thomas F. Foster (D) A/L: Charles E. Haynes (D) A/L: Henry G. Lamar (D) A/L: Wilson Lumpkin (D) A/L: Wiley Thompson (D) A/L: James M. Wayne (D) A/L: Richard Henry Wilde (D) Illinois A/L: Joseph Duncan (D) Indiana 1: Ratliff Boon (D) 2: Jonathan Jennings (NR) 3: John Test (NR) Kentucky 1: Henry Daniel (D) 2: Nicholas D. Coleman (D) 3: James Clark (NR) 4: Robert P. Letcher (NR) 5: Richard M. Johnson (D) 6: Joseph Lecompte (D) 7: John Kincaid (D) 8: Nathan Gaither (D) 9: Charles A. Wickliffe (D) 10: Joel Yancey (D) 11: Thomas Chilton (D) 12: Chittenden Lyon (D) Louisiana 1: Edward D. White (NR) 2: Henry H. Gurley (NR) 3: Walter H. Overton (D) Maine 1}: Rufus McIntire (D) 2}: John Anderson (D) 3}: Joseph F. Wingate (NR) 4}: George Evans (NR) 5}: James W. Ripley (D) Cornelius Holland (D) 6}: Leonard Jarvis (D) 7}: Samuel Butman (NR) Maryland 1: Clement Dorsey (NR) 2: Benedict J. Semmes (NR) 3: George C. Washington (NR) 4: Michael C. Sprigg (D) 5: Elias Brown (D) 5: Benjamin C. Howard (D) 6: George E. Mitchell (D) 7: Richard Spencer (D) 8: Ephraim K. Wilson (D) Massachusetts 1: Benjamin Gorham (NR) 2: Benjamin W. Crowninshield (NR) 3: John Varnum (NR) 4: Edward Everett (NR) 5: John Davis (NR) 6: Joseph G. Kendall (NR) 7: George J. Grennell, Jr. (NR) 8: Isaac C. Bates (NR) 9: Henry W. Dwight (NR) 10: John Bailey (NR) 11: Joseph Richardson (NR) 12: James L. Hodges (NR) 1}: John Reed, Jr. (NR) Mississippi A/L}: Thomas Hinds (D)

Missouri A/L: Spencer D. Pettis (D) New Hampshire A/L: John Brodhead (D) A/L: Thomas Chandler (D) A/L: Joseph Hammons (D) A/L: Jonathan Harvey (D) A/L: Henry Hubbard (D) A/L: John W. Weeks (D) New Jersey A/L: Lewis Condict (NR) A/L: Richard M. Cooper (NR) A/L: Thomas H. Hughes (NR) A/L: Isaac Pierson (NR) A/L: James F. Randolph (NR) A/L: Samuel Swan (NR) New York 1: James Lent (D) 2: Jacob Crocheron (D) 3: Churchill C. Cambreleng (D) 3: Gulian C. Verplanck (D) 3: Campbell P. White (D) 4: Henry B. Cowles (NR) 5: Abraham Bockee (D) 6: Hector Craig (D) Samuel W. Eager (NR) 7: Charles G. DeWitt (D) 8: James Strong (NR) 9: John D. Dickinson (NR) 10: Ambrose Spencer (NR) 11: Perkins King (D) 12: Peter I. Borst (D) 13: William G. Angel (D) 14: Henry R. Storrs (NR) 15: Michael Hoffman (D) 16: Benedict Arnold (NR) 17: John W. Taylor (NR) 18: Henry C. Martindale (NR) 19: Isaac Finch (NR) 20: Joseph Hawkins (NR) 20: George Fisher (D) Silas Wright, Jr. (NR) Jonah Sanford (D) 21: Robert Monell (D) 22: Thomas Beekman (NR) 23: Jonas Earll, Jr. (D) 24: Gershom Powers (D) 25: Thomas Maxwell (D) 26: Jehiel H. Halsey (D) 26: Robert S. Rose (AM) 27: Timothy Childs (AM) 28: John Magee (D) 29: Phineas L. Tracy (AM) 30: Ebenezer F. Norton (D) North Carolina 1: William B. Shepard (NR) 2: Willis Alston (D) 3: Thomas H. Hall (D) 4: Jesse Speight (D) 5: Gabriel Holmes (D) Edward B. Dudley (D) 6: Robert Potter (D) 7: Edmund Deberry (NR) 8: Daniel L. Barringer (D) 9: Augustine H. Shepperd (D) 10: Abraham Rencher (D) 11: Henry W. Connor (D) 12: Samuel P. Carson (D) 13: Lewis Williams (NR) Ohio 1: James Findlay (D) 2: James Shields (D) 3: Joseph H. Crane (NR) 4: Joseph Vance (NR) 5: William Russell (D) 6: William Creighton, Jr. (NR) 7: Samuel F. Vinton (NR) 8: William Stanbery (D) 9: William W. Irvin (D) 10: William Kennon, Sr. (D) 11: John M. Goodenow (D) Humphrey H. Leavitt (D) 12: John Thomson (D) 13: Elisha Whittlesey (NR) 14: Mordecai Bartley (NR)

Pennsylvania 1: Joel B. Sutherland (D) 2: Joseph Hemphill (D) 3: Daniel H. Miller (D) 4: James Buchanan (D) 4: Joshua Evans, Jr. (D) 4: George G. Leiper (D) 5: John B. Sterigere (D) 6: Innis Green (D) 7: Joseph Fry, Jr. (D) 7: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (D) 8: Samuel D. Ingham (D) Peter Ihrie, Jr. (D) 8: George Wolf (D) Samuel A. Smith (D) 9: James Ford (D) 9: Alem Marr (D) 9: Philander Stephens (D) 10: Adam King (D) 11: Thomas H. Crawford (D) 11: William Ramsey (D) 12: John Scott (D) 13: Chauncey Forward (D) 14: Thomas Irwin (D) 15: William McCreery (D) 16: William Wilkins (D) Harmar Denny (AM) 16: John Gilmore (D) 17: Richard Coulter (D) 18: Thomas H. Sill (NR) Rhode Island A/L: Tristam Burges (NR) A/L: Dutee J. Pearce (NR) South Carolina 1: William Drayton (D) 2: Robert W. Barnwell (D) 3: John Campbell (D) 4: William D. Martin (D) 5: George McDuffie (D) 6: Warren R. Davis (D) 7: William T. Nuckolls (D) 8: James Blair (D) 9: Starling Tucker (D) Tennessee 1: John Blair (D) 2: Pryor Lea (D) 3: James I. Standifer (D) 4: Jacob C. Isacks (D) 5: Robert Desha (D) 6: James K. Polk (D) 7: John Bell (D) 8: Cave Johnson (D) 9: David Crockett (NR) Vermont 1: Jonathan Hunt (NR) 2: Rollin C. Mallary (NR) 3: Horace Everett (NR) 4: Benjamin Swift (NR) 5: William Cahoon (AM) Virginia 1: Thomas Newton, Jr. (NR) George Loyall (D) 2: James Trezvant (D) 3: William S. Archer (D) 4: Mark Alexander (D) 5: Thomas T. Bouldin (D) 6: Thomas Davenport (D) 7: Nathaniel H. Claiborne (D) 8: Richard Coke, Jr. (D) 9: Andrew Stevenson (D) 10: William C. Rives (D) William F. Gordon (D) 11: Philip P. Barbour (D) John M. Patton (D) 12: John Roane (D) 13: John Taliaferro (NR) 14: Charles F. Mercer (NR) 15: John S. Barbour (D) 16: William Armstrong (NR) 17: Robert Allen (D) 18: Philip Doddridge (NR) 19: William McCoy (D) 20: Robert Craig (D) 21: Lewis Maxwell (NR) 22: Alexander Smyth (D) Joseph Draper (D) Delegates Arkansas Territory A/L: Ambrose H. Sevier (D) Florida Territory A/L: Joseph M. White Michigan Territory A/L: John Biddle (NR) 7. Membership detail by state Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830. The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers. Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress. The list below is arranged by state, then by chamber. Senators are shown in order of seniority, House members in district order. Alabama Senate 2: William R. D. King (1786-1853), Democratic 3: John McKinley (1780-1852), Democratic House of Representatives (3 seats) Template:Ushr: Clement C. Clay (1789-1866), Democratic Template:Ushr: Robert E. B. Baylor (1793-1874), Democratic Template:Ushr: Dixon H. Lewis (1802-1848), Democratic Connecticut Senate 3: Calvin Willey (1776-1858), National Republican 1: Samuel A. Foote (1780-1846), National Republican House of Representatives (6 seats) Template:Ushr: Noyes Barber (1781-1844), National Republican Template:Ushr: William W. Ellsworth (1791-1868), National Republican Template:Ushr: Jabez W. Huntington (1788-1847), National Republican Template:Ushr: Ralph I. Ingersoll (1789-1872), National Republican Template:Ushr: William L. Storrs (1795-1861), National Republican Template:Ushr: Ebenezer Young (1783-1851), National Republican Delaware Senate 1: Louis McLane (1786-1857), Democratic …resigned April 16 1829. Arnold Naudain (1790-1872), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, January 7 1830. 2: John M. Clayton (1796-1856), National Republican House of Representatives (1 seat) Template:Ushr: Kensey Johns, Jr. (1791-1857), National Republican Georgia Senate 3: John Macpherson Berrien (1781-1856), Democratic …resigned March 9 1829. John Forsyth (1780-1841), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, November 9 1829. 2: George M. Troup (1780-1856), Democratic House of Representatives (7 seats) Template:Ushr: Thomas F. Foster (1790-1848), Democratic Template:Ushr: Charles E. Haynes (1784-1841), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry G. Lamar (1798-1861), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7 1829. Template:Ushr: Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870), Democratic Template:Ushr: Wiley Thompson (1781-1835), Democratic Template:Ushr: James M. Wayne (1790-1867), Democratic Template:Ushr: Richard Henry Wilde (1789-1847), Democratic Illinois Senate 3: Elias K. Kane (1794-1835), Democratic 2: John McLean (1791-1830), Democratic …died October 14 1830. David J. Baker (1792-1869), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, November 12 1830. John M. Robinson (1794-1843), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, December 11 1830. House of Representatives (1 seat) Template:Ushr: Joseph Duncan (1794-1844), Democratic Indiana Senate 1: James Noble (1785-1831), National Republican …died February 26 1831. 3: William Hendricks (1782-1850), National Republican House of Representatives (3 seats) Template:Ushr: Ratliff Boon (1781-1844), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jonathan Jennings (1784-1834), National Republican Template:Ushr: John Test (1771-1849), National Republican Kentucky Senate 3: John Rowan (1773-1843), Democratic 2: George M. Bibb (1776-1859), Democratic House of Representatives (12 seats) Template:Ushr: Henry Daniel (1786-1873), Democratic Template:Ushr: Nicholas D. Coleman (1800-1874), Democratic Template:Ushr: James Clark (1770-1839), National Republican Template:Ushr: Robert P. Letcher (1788-1861), National Republican Template:Ushr: Richard M. Johnson (1780-1850), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph Lecompte (1797-1851), Democratic Template:Ushr: John Kincaid (1791-1873), Democratic Template:Ushr: Nathan Gaither (1788-1862), Democratic Template:Ushr: Charles A. Wickliffe (1788-1869), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joel Yancey (1773-1838), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas Chilton (1798-1854), Democratic Template:Ushr: Chittenden Lyon (1787-1842), Democratic Louisiana Senate 3: Josiah S. Johnston (1784-1833), National Republican 2: Edward Livingston (1764-1836), Democratic House of Representatives (3 seats) Template:Ushr: Edward D. White (1795-1847), National Republican Template:Ushr: Henry H. Gurley (1788-1833), National Republican Template:Ushr: Walter H. Overton (1788-1845), Democratic Maine Senate 1: John Holmes (1773-1843), National Republican 2: Peleg Sprague (1793-1880), National Republican House of Representatives (7 seats) Template:Ushr: Rufus McIntire (1784-1866), Democratic Template:Ushr: John Anderson (1792-1853), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph F. Wingate (1786- ), National Republican Template:Ushr: George Evans (1797-1867), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy from preceding Congress, seated December 7 1829. Template:Ushr: James W. Ripley (1786-1835), Democratic …resigned March 12 1830. Cornelius Holland (1783-1870), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. Template:Ushr: Leonard Jarvis (1781-1854), Democratic Template:Ushr: Samuel Butman (1788-1864), National Republican Maryland Senate 1: Samuel Smith (1752-1839), Democratic 3: Ezekiel F. Chambers (1788-1867), National Republican House of Representatives (9 seats) Template:Ushr: Clement Dorsey (1778-1848), National Republican Template:Ushr: Benedict J. Semmes (1789-1863), National Republican Template:Ushr: George C. Washington (1789-1854), National Republican Template:Ushr: Michael C. Sprigg (1791-1845), Democratic Template:Ushr: Elias Brown (1793-1857), Democratic Template:Ushr: Benjamin C. Howard (1791-1872), Democratic Template:Ushr: George E. Mitchell (1781-1832), Democratic Template:Ushr: Richard Spencer (1796-1868), Democratic Template:Ushr: Ephraim K. Wilson (1771-1834), Democratic Massachusetts Senate 2: Nathaniel Silsbee (1773-1850), National Republican 1: Daniel Webster (1782-1852), National Republican House of Representatives (13 seats) Template:Ushr: Benjamin Gorham (1775-1855), National Republican Template:Ushr: Benjamin W. Crowninshield (1772-1851), National Republican Template:Ushr: John Varnum (1778-1836), National Republican Template:Ushr: Edward Everett (1794-1865), National Republican Template:Ushr: John Davis (1787-1854), National Republican Template:Ushr: Joseph G. Kendall (1788-1847), National Republican Template:Ushr: George J. Grennell, Jr. (1786-1877), National Republican Template:Ushr: Isaac C. Bates (1779-1845), National Republican Template:Ushr: Henry W. Dwight (1788-1845), National Republican Template:Ushr: John Bailey (1786-1835), National Republican Template:Ushr: Joseph Richardson (1778-1871), National Republican Template:Ushr: James L. Hodges (1790-1846), National Republican Template:Ushr: John Reed, Jr. (1781-1860), National Republican Mississippi Senate 1: Powhatan Ellis (1790-1863), Democratic 2: Thomas B. Reed (1787-1829), Democratic …died November 26 1829. Robert H. Adams (1792-1830), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy January 6 1830, died July 2 1830. George Poindexter (1779-1853), Democratic …appointed to fill vacancy, October 15 1830, subsequently elected. House of Representatives (1 seat) Template:Ushr: Thomas Hinds (1780-1840), Democratic Missouri Senate 3: David Barton (1783-1837), National Republican 1: Thomas H. Benton (1782-1858), Democratic House of Representatives (1 seat) Template:Ushr: Spencer D. Pettis (1802-1829), Democratic New Hampshire Senate 2: Samuel Bell (1770-1850), National Republican 3: Levi Woodbury (1789-1851), Democratic House of Representatives (6 seats) Template:Ushr: John Brodhead (1770-1838), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas Chandler (1772-1866), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph Hammons (1787-1836), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jonathan Harvey (1780-1859), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry Hubbard (1784-1857), Democratic Template:Ushr: John W. Weeks (1781-1853), Democratic New Jersey Senate 1: Mahlon Dickerson (1770-1853), Democratic 2: Theodore Frelinghuysen (1787-1862), National Republican House of Representatives (6 seats) Template:Ushr: Lewis Condict (1772-1862), National Republican Template:Ushr: Richard M. Cooper (1768-1843), National Republican Template:Ushr: Thomas H. Hughes (1769-1839), National Republican Template:Ushr: Isaac Pierson (1770-1833), National Republican Template:Ushr: James F. Randolph (1791-1872), National Republican Template:Ushr: Samuel Swan (1771-1844), National Republican New York Senate 3: Nathan Sanford (1777-1838), National Republican 1: Charles E. Dudley (1780-1841), Democratic House of Representatives (34 seats) Template:Ushr: James Lent (1782-1833), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jacob Crocheron (1774-1849), Democratic Template:Ushr: Churchill C. Cambreleng (1786-1862), Democratic Template:Ushr: Gulian C. Verplanck (1786-1870), Democratic Template:Ushr: Campbell P. White (1787-1859), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry B. Cowles (1798-1873), National Republican Template:Ushr: Abraham Bockee (1784-1865), Democratic Template:Ushr: Hector Craig (1775-1842), Democratic …resigned July 12 1830. Samuel W. Eager (1789-1860), National Republican …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. Template:Ushr: Charles G. DeWitt (1789-1839), Democratic Template:Ushr: James Strong (1783-1847), National Republican Template:Ushr: John D. Dickinson (1767-1841), National Republican Template:Ushr: Ambrose Spencer (1765-1848), National Republican Template:Ushr: Perkins King (1784-1857), Democratic Template:Ushr: Peter I. Borst (1797-1848), Democratic Template:Ushr: William G. Angel (1790-1858), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry R. Storrs (1787-1837), National Republican Template:Ushr: Michael Hoffman (1787-1848), Democratic Template:Ushr: Benedict Arnold (1780-1849), National Republican Template:Ushr: John W. Taylor (1784-1854), National Republican Template:Ushr: Henry C. Martindale (1780-1860), National Republican Template:Ushr: Isaac Finch (1783-1845), National Republican Template:Ushr: Joseph Hawkins (1781-1832), National Republican Template:Ushr: George Fisher (1788-1861), Democratic …contested election, served until February 5 1830. Silas Wright, Jr. National Republican …contested election, never served, resigned March 9 1830. Jonah Sanford (1790-1867), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. Template:Ushr: Robert Monell (1786-1860), Democratic …resigned February 21 1830. Template:Ushr: Thomas Beekman ( - ), National Republican Template:Ushr: Jonas Earll, Jr. (1786-1846), Democratic Template:Ushr: Gershom Powers (1789-1831), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas Maxwell (1792-1864), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jehiel H. Halsey (1788-1867), Democratic Template:Ushr: Robert S. Rose (1774-1835), Anti-Masonic Template:Ushr: Timothy Childs (1785-1847), Anti-Masonic Template:Ushr: John Magee (1794-1868), Democratic Template:Ushr: Phineas L. Tracy (1786-1876), Anti-Masonic Template:Ushr: Ebenezer F. Norton (1774-1851), Democratic North Carolina Senate 2: John Branch (1782-1863), Democratic …resigned March 9 1829. Bedford Brown (1795-1870), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, December 9 1829. 3: James Iredell, Jr. (1788-1853), Democratic House of Representatives (13 seats) Template:Ushr: Augustine H. Shepperd (1792-1864), Democratic Template:Ushr: Willis Alston (1769-1837), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas H. Hall (1773-1853), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jesse Speight (1795-1847), Democratic Template:Ushr: Gabriel Holmes (1769-1829), Democratic …died September 26 1829, before Congress assembled. Edward B. Dudley (1789-1855), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 14 1829. Template:Ushr: Robert Potter (1800c-1842), Democratic Template:Ushr: Edmund Deberry (1787-1859), National Republican Template:Ushr: Daniel L. Barringer (1788-1852), Democratic Template:Ushr: William B. Shepard (1799-1852), National Republican Template:Ushr: Abraham Rencher (1798-1883), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry W. Connor (1793-1866), Democratic Template:Ushr: Samuel P. Carson (1798-1838), Democratic Template:Ushr: Lewis Williams (1782-1842), National Republican Ohio Senate 1: Benjamin Ruggles (1783-1857), National Republican 3: Jacob Burnet (1770-1853), National Republican House of Representatives (14 seats) Template:Ushr: James Findlay (1770-1835), Democratic Template:Ushr: James Shields (1762-1831), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph H. Crane (1782-1851), National Republican Template:Ushr: Joseph Vance (1786-1852), National Republican Template:Ushr: William Russell (1782-1845), Democratic Template:Ushr: William Creighton, Jr. (1778-1851), National Republican Template:Ushr: Samuel F. Vinton (1792-1862), National Republican Template:Ushr: William Stanbery (1788-1873), Democratic Template:Ushr: William W. Irvin (1778c-1842), Democratic Template:Ushr: William Kennon, Sr. (1793-1881), Democratic Template:Ushr: John M. Goodenow (1782-1838), Democratic …resigned April 9 1830, before Congress assembled. Humphrey H. Leavitt (1796-1873), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. Template:Ushr: John Thomson (1780-1852), Democratic Template:Ushr: Elisha Whittlesey (1783-1863), National Republican Template:Ushr: Mordecai Bartley (1783-1870), National Republican Pennsylvania Senate 3: William Marks (1778-1858), National Republican 1: Isaac D. Barnard (1791-1834), Democratic House of Representatives (26 seats) Template:Ushr: Joel B. Sutherland (1792-1861), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph Hemphill (1770-1842), Democratic Template:Ushr: Daniel H. Miller ( -1846), Democratic Template:Ushr: James Buchanan (1791-1868), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joshua Evans, Jr. (1777-1846), Democratic Template:Ushr: George G. Leiper (1786-1868), Democratic Template:Ushr: John B. Sterigere (1793-1852), Democratic Template:Ushr: Innis Green (1776-1839), Democratic Template:Ushr: Joseph Fry, Jr. (1781-1860), Democratic Template:Ushr: Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (1782-1844), Democratic Template:Ushr: Samuel D. Ingham (1779-1860), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled. Peter Ihrie, Jr. (1796-1871), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7 1829. Template:Ushr: George Wolf (1777-1840), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled. Samuel A. Smith (1795-1861), Democratic ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7 1829. Template:Ushr: James Ford (1783-1859), Democratic Template:Ushr: Alem Marr (1787-1843), Democratic Template:Ushr: Philander Stephens (1788-1842), Democratic Template:Ushr: Adam King (1790-1835), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas H. Crawford (1786-1863), Democratic Template:Ushr: William Ramsey (1779-1831), Democratic Template:Ushr: John Scott (1784-1850), Democratic Template:Ushr: Chauncey Forward (1793-1839), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas Irwin (1785-1870), Democratic Template:Ushr: William McCreery (1786-1841), Democratic Template:Ushr: William Wilkins (1779-1865), Democratic …resigned before Congress assembled. Harmar Denny (1794-1852), Anti-Masonic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 30 1829. Template:Ushr: John Gilmore (1780-1845), Democratic Template:Ushr: Richard Coulter (1788-1852), Democratic Template:Ushr: Thomas H. Sill (1783-1856), National Republican Rhode Island Senate 2: Nehemiah R. Knight (1780-1854), National Republican 1: Asher Robbins (1757-1845), National Republican House of Representatives (2 seats) Template:Ushr: Tristam Burges (1770-1853), National Republican Template:Ushr: Dutee J. Pearce (1789-1849), National Republican South Carolina Senate 2: Robert Y. Hayne (1791-1839), Democratic 3: William Smith (1762-1840), Democratic House of Representatives (9 seats) Template:Ushr: William Drayton (1776-1846), Democratic Template:Ushr: Robert W. Barnwell (1801-1882), Democratic Template:Ushr: John Campbell ( -1845), Democratic Template:Ushr: William D. Martin (1789-1833), Democratic Template:Ushr: George McDuffie (1790-1851), Democratic Template:Ushr: Warren R. Davis (1793-1835), Democratic Template:Ushr: William T. Nuckolls (1801-1855), Democratic Template:Ushr: James Blair (1790c-1834), Democratic Template:Ushr: Starling Tucker (1770-1834), Democratic Tennessee Senate 1: John H. Eaton (1790-1856), Democratic …resigned March 9 1829. Felix Grundy (1777-1840), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, October 19 1829. 2: Hugh Lawson White (1773-1840), Democratic House of Representatives (9 seats) Template:Ushr: John Blair (1790-1863), Democratic Template:Ushr: Pryor Lea (1794-1879), Democratic Template:Ushr: James I. Standifer (1782-1837), Democratic Template:Ushr: Jacob C. Isacks ( - ), Democratic Template:Ushr: Robert Desha (1791-1849), Democratic Template:Ushr: James K. Polk (1795-1849), Democratic Template:Ushr: John Bell (1797-1869), Democratic Template:Ushr: Cave Johnson (1793-1866), Democratic Template:Ushr: David Crockett (1786-1836), National Republican Vermont Senate 1: Horatio Seymour (1778-1857), National Republican 3: Dudley Chase (1771-1846), National Republican House of Representatives (5 seats) Template:Ushr: Jonathan Hunt (1787-1832), National Republican Template:Ushr: Rollin C. Mallary (1784-1831), National Republican Template:Ushr: Horace Everett (1779-1851), National Republican Template:Ushr: Benjamin Swift (1781-1847), National Republican Template:Ushr: William Cahoon (1774-1833), Anti-Masonic Virginia Senate 2: Littleton W. Tazewell (1774-1860), Democratic 1: John Tyler (1790-1862), Democratic House of Representatives (22 seats) 1: Thomas Newton, Jr. (1768-1847), National Republican …contested election, served until March 9 1830. George Loyall (1789-1868), Democratic …contested election, seated March 9 1830. 2: James Trezvant ( -1841), Democratic 3: William S. Archer (1789-1855), Democratic 4: Mark Alexander (1792-1883), Democratic 5: Thomas T. Bouldin (1781-1834), Democratic 6: Thomas Davenport ( -1838), Democratic 7: Nathaniel H. Claiborne (1777-1859), Democratic 8: Richard Coke, Jr. (1790-1851), Democratic 9: Andrew Stevenson (1784-1857), Democratic 10: William C. Rives (1793-1868), Democratic …resigned in 1829. William F. Gordon (1787-1858), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 25 1830. 11: Philip P. Barbour (1783-1841), Democratic …resigned October 15 1830. John M. Patton (1797-1858), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. 12: John Roane (1766-1838), Democratic 13: John Taliaferro (1768-1852), National Republican 14: Charles F. Mercer (1778-1858), National Republican 15: John S. Barbour (1790-1855), Democratic 16: William Armstrong (1782-1865), National Republican 17: Robert Allen (1794-1859), Democratic 18: Philip Doddridge (1773-1832), National Republican 19: William McCoy ( -1864), Democratic 20: Robert Craig (1792-1852), Democratic 21: Lewis Maxwell (1790-1862), National Republican 22: Alexander Smyth (1765-1830), Democratic …died April 17 1830. Joseph Draper (1794-1834), Democratic …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 6 1830. Delegates Arkansas Territory A/L: Ambrose H. Sevier (1801-1848), Democratic Florida Territory A/L: Joseph M. White (1781-1839), Michigan Territory A/L: John Biddle (1792-1859), National Republican …resigned February 21 1831. 8. Membership detail by Chamber/Party The list below is arranged by chamber, then by political party. Members are shown in alphabetical order. Senate Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Democratic A-F Robert H. Adams, Mississippi David J. Baker, Illinois Isaac D. Barnard, Pennsylvania Thomas H. Benton, Missouri John Macpherson Berrien, Georgia George M. Bibb, Kentucky John Branch, North Carolina Bedford Brown, North Carolina Mahlon Dickerson, New Jersey Charles E. Dudley, New York John H. Eaton, Tennessee Powhatan Ellis, Mississippi John Forsyth, Georgia G-L Felix Grundy, Tennessee Robert Y. Hayne, South Carolina James Iredell, Jr., North Carolina Elias K. Kane, Illinois William R. D. King, Alabama Edward Livingston, Louisiana M-R John McKinley, Alabama Louis McLane, Delaware John McLean, Illinois George Poindexter, Mississippi Thomas B. Reed, Mississippi John M. Robinson, Illinois John Rowan, Kentucky S-Z Samuel Smith, Maryland William Smith South Carolina Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia George M. Troup, Georgia John Tyler, Virginia Hugh Lawson White, Tennessee Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire National Republican A-F David Barton, Missouri Samuel Bell, New Hampshire Jacob Burnet, Ohio Ezekiel F. Chambers, Maryland Dudley Chase, Vermont John M. Clayton, Delaware Samuel A. Foote, Connecticut Theodore Frelinghuysen, New Jersey G-L William Hendricks, Indiana John Holmes, Maine Josiah S. Johnston, Louisiana Nehemiah R. Knight, Rhode Island M-R William Marks, Pennsylvania Arnold Naudain, Delaware James Noble, Indiana Asher Robbins, Rhode Island Benjamin Ruggles, Ohio S-Z Nathan Sanford, New York Horatio Seymour, Vermont Nathaniel Silsbee, Massachusetts Peleg Sprague, Maine Daniel Webster, Massachusetts Calvin Willey, Connecticut House of Representatives Members of the House of Representatives were elected by popular vote, variously to single member districts or at-large. Democratic A-B-C Mark Alexander, Virginia Robert Allen Virginia Willis Alston, North Carolina John Anderson, Maine William G. Angel, New York William S. Archer, Virginia John S. Barbour, Virginia Philip P. Barbour, Virginia Robert W. Barnwell, South Carolina Daniel L. Barringer, North Carolina Robert E. B. Baylor, Alabama John Bell, Tennessee James Blair, South Carolina John Blair, Tennessee Abraham Bockee, New York Ratliff Boon, Indiana Peter I. Borst, New York Thomas T. Bouldin, Virginia John Brodhead, New Hampshire Elias Brown, Maryland James Buchanan, Pennsylvania Churchill C. Cambreleng, New York John Campbell, South Carolina Samuel P. Carson, North Carolina Thomas Chandler, New Hampshire Thomas Chilton, Kentucky Nathaniel H. Claiborne, Virginia Clement C. Clay, Alabama Richard Coke, Jr., Virginia Nicholas D. Coleman, Kentucky Henry W. Connor, North Carolina Richard Coulter, Pennsylvania Hector Craig, New York Robert Craig, Virginia Thomas H. Crawford, Pennsylvania Jacob Crocheron, New York D-E-F Henry Daniel, Kentucky Thomas Davenport, Virginia Warren R. Davis, South Carolina Charles G. DeWitt, New York Robert Desha, Tennessee Joseph Draper, Virginia William Drayton, South Carolina Edward B. Dudley, North Carolina Joseph Duncan, Illinois Jonas Earll, Jr., New York Joshua Evans, Jr., Pennsylvania James Findlay, Ohio George Fisher, New York James Ford, Pennsylvania Chauncey Forward, Pennsylvania Thomas F. Foster, Georgia Joseph Fry, Jr., Pennsylvania G-H-I Nathan Gaither, Kentucky John Gilmore, Pennsylvania John M. Goodenow, Ohio William F. Gordon, Virginia Innis Green, Pennsylvania Thomas H. Hall, North Carolina Jehiel H. Halsey, New York Joseph Hammons, New Hampshire Jonathan Harvey, New Hampshire Charles E. Haynes, Georgia Joseph Hemphill, Pennsylvania Thomas Hinds, Mississippi Michael Hoffman, New York Cornelius Holland, Maine Gabriel Holmes, North Carolina Benjamin C. Howard, Maryland Henry Hubbard, New Hampshire Peter Ihrie, Jr., Pennsylvania Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania William W. Irvin, Ohio Thomas Irwin, Pennsylvania Jacob C. Isacks, Tennessee J-K-L Leonard Jarvis, Maine Cave Johnson, Tennessee Richard M. Johnson, Kentucky William Kennon, Sr., Ohio John Kincaid, Kentucky Adam King, Pennsylvania Perkins King, New York Henry G. Lamar, Georgia Pryor Lea, Tennessee Humphrey H. Leavitt, Ohio Joseph Lecompte, Kentucky George G. Leiper, Pennsylvania James Lent, New York Dixon H. Lewis, Alabama George Loyall, Virginia Wilson Lumpkin, Georgia Chittenden Lyon, Kentucky M-N-O John Magee, New York Alem Marr, Pennsylvania William D. Martin, South Carolina Thomas Maxwell, New York William McCoy, Virginia William McCreery, Pennsylvania George McDuffie, South Carolina Rufus McIntire, Maine Daniel H. Miller, Pennsylvania George E. Mitchell, Maryland Robert Monell, New York Henry A. P. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania Ebenezer F. Norton, New York William T. Nuckolls, South Carolina Walter H. Overton, Louisiana P-Q-R John M. Patton, Virginia Spencer D. Pettis, Missouri James K. Polk, Tennessee Robert Potter, North Carolina Gershom Powers, New York William Ramsey, Pennsylvania Abraham Rencher, North Carolina James W. Ripley, Maine William C. Rives, Virginia John Roane, Virginia William Russell , Ohio S-T-U-V Jonah Sanford, New York John Scott, Pennsylvania Augustine H. Shepperd, North Carolina James Shields, Ohio Samuel A. Smith, Pennsylvania Alexander Smyth, Virginia Jesse Speight, North Carolina Richard Spencer, Maryland Michael C. Sprigg, Maryland William Stanbery, Ohio James I. Standifer, Tennessee Philander Stephens, Pennsylvania John B. Sterigere, Pennsylvania Andrew Stevenson, Virginia Joel B. Sutherland, Pennsylvania Wiley Thompson, Georgia John Thomson, Ohio James Trezvant, Virginia Starling Tucker, South Carolina Gulian C. Verplanck, New York W-X-Y-Z James M. Wayne, Georgia John W. Weeks, New Hampshire Campbell P. White, New York Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky Richard Henry Wilde, Georgia William Wilkins, Pennsylvania Ephraim K. Wilson, Maryland George Wolf, Pennsylvania Joel Yancey, Kentucky National Republican A-B-C William Armstrong, Virginia Benedict Arnold, New York John Bailey, Massachusetts Noyes Barber, Connecticut Mordecai Bartley, Ohio Isaac C. Bates, Massachusetts Thomas Beekman, New York Tristam Burges, Rhode Island Samuel Butman, Maine James Clark, Kentucky Lewis Condict, New Jersey Richard M. Cooper, New Jersey Henry B. Cowles, New York Joseph H. Crane, Ohio William Creighton, Jr., Ohio David Crockett, Tennessee Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts D-E-F John Davis, Massachusetts Edmund Deberry, North Carolina John D. Dickinson, New York Philip Doddridge, Virginia Clement Dorsey, Maryland Henry W. Dwight, Massachusetts Samuel W. Eager, New York William W. Ellsworth, Connecticut George Evans, Maine Edward Everett, Massachusetts Horace Everett, Vermont Isaac Finch, New York G-H-I Benjamin Gorham, Massachusetts George J. Grennell, Jr., Massachusetts Henry H. Gurley, Louisiana Joseph Hawkins, New York James L. Hodges, Massachusetts Thomas H. Hughes, New Jersey Jonathan Hunt, Vermont Jabez W. Huntington, Connecticut Ralph I. Ingersoll, Connecticut J-K-L Jonathan Jennings, Indiana Kensey Johns, Jr., Delaware Joseph G. Kendall, Massachusetts Robert P. Letcher, Kentucky M-N-O Rollin C. Mallary, Vermont Henry C. Martindale, New York Lewis Maxwell, Virginia Charles F. Mercer, Virginia Thomas Newton, Jr., Virginia P-Q-R Dutee J. Pearce, Rhode Island Isaac Pierson, New Jersey James F. Randolph, New Jersey John Reed, Jr., Massachusetts Joseph Richardson, Massachusetts S-T-U-V Benedict J. Semmes, Maryland William B. Shepard, North Carolina Thomas H. Sill, Pennsylvania Ambrose Spencer, New York Henry R. Storrs, New York William L. Storrs, Connecticut James Strong, New York Samuel Swan, New Jersey Benjamin Swift, Vermont John Taliaferro, Virginia John W. Taylor, New York John Test, Indiana Joseph Vance, Ohio John Varnum, Massachusetts Samuel F. Vinton, Ohio W-X-Y-Z George C. Washington, Maryland Edward D. White, Louisiana Elisha Whittlesey, Ohio Lewis Williams, North Carolina Joseph F. Wingate, Maine Ebenezer Young, Connecticut Anti-Masonic A-Z William Cahoon, Vermont Timothy Childs, New York Harmar Denny, Pennsylvania Robert S. Rose, New York Phineas L. Tracy, New York 9. Membership Changes The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Senate replacements: 4 Democrats: no net change National Republicans: no net change deaths: 4 resignations: 4 interim appointments: 1 Total seats with changes: 7 House of Representatives replacements: 5 Democrats: 1 seat net loss National Republicans: 1 seat net gain deaths: 2 resignations: 10 contested election: 2 Total seats with changes: 15 Senate State Outgoing Senator Reason for Change Successor Successor's selection Delaware class 1 Louis McLane Democratic Resignation Senator Louis McLane resigned April 16, 1829. Arnold Naudain Republican elected January 7, 1830 Georgia class 3 John Macpherson Berrien Democratic Resignation Senator John Macpherson Berrien resigned March 9, 1829. John Forsyth Democratic elected November 9, 1829 Illinois class 2 John McLean Democratic Death Senator John McLean died October 14, 1830. David J. Baker Democratic appointed November 12, 1830 Illinois class 2 David J. Baker Democratic Interim appointment John M. Robinson was elected to fill seat of Senator John McLean. John M. Robinson Democratic elected December 11, 1830 Indiana class 1 James Noble Republican Death Senator James Noble died February 26, 1831. vacant not filled in this Congress Mississippi class 2 Thomas B. Reed Democratic Death Senator Thomas B. Reed died January 24 1826. Robert H. Adams Democratic elected January 6, 1830 Mississippi class 2 Robert H. Adams Democratic Death Senator Robert H. Adams died July 2, 1830. George Poindexter Democratic appointed October 15, 1830 subsequently elected. North Carolina class 2 John Branch Democratic Resignation Senator John Branch resigned March 9, 1829. Bedford Brown Democratic elected December 9, 1829 Tennessee class 1 John H. Eaton Democratic Resignation Senator John H. Eaton resigned March 9, 1829. Felix Grundy Democratic elected October 19, 1829 House of Representatives State Outgoing Representative Reason for Change Successor Successor's selection Georgia 3rd at large vacant Vacancy Vacancy from preceding Congress Henry G. Lamar Democratic seated December 7, 1829 Maine 4th vacant Vacancy Vacancy from preceding Congress George Evans Republican seated December 7, 1829 Maine 5th James W. Ripley Democratic Resignation Representative James W. Ripley resigned March 12, 1830. Cornelius Holland Democratic seated December 6, 1830. New York 6th Hector Craig Democratic Resignation Representative Hector Craig resigned July 12, 1830. Samuel W. Eager Republican seated December 6, 1830 New York 20th George Fisher Democratic Contested election Representative George Fisher served until February 5, 1830. Silas Wright, Jr. Republican never seated New York 20th Silas Wright, Jr. Republican Resignation Representative Silas Wright, Jr. resigned March 9, 1830. Jonah Sanford Democratic seated December 6, 1830. New York 21st Robert Monell Democratic Resignation Representative Robert Monell resigned February 21, 1830. vacant not filled in this Congress North Carolina 5th Gabriel Holmes Democratic Death Representative Gabriel Holmes died September 26, 1829, before Congress assembled. Edward B. Dudley Democratic seated December 14, 1829 Ohio 11th John M. Goodenow Democratic Resignation Representative John M. Goodenow resigned April 9, 1830, before Congress assembled. Humphrey H. Leavitt Democratic seated December 6, 1830. Pennsylvania 8th first seat Samuel D. Ingham Democratic Resignation Representative Samuel D. Ingham resigned before Congress assembled. Peter Ihrie, Jr. Democratic seated December 7, 1829 Pennsylvania 8th second seat George Wolf Democratic Resignation Representative George Wolf resigned before Congress assembled. Samuel A. Smith Democratic seated December 7, 1829 Pennsylvania 16th William Wilkins Democratic Resignation Representative William Wilkins resigned before Congress assembled. Harmar Denny Anti-Masonic seated December 30, 1829 Virginia 1st Thomas Newton, Jr. Republican Contested election Representative Thomas Newton, Jr. served until March 9, 1830. George Loyall Democratic seated March 9, 1830 Virginia 10th William C. Rives Democratic Resignation Representative William C. Rives resigned in 1829. William F. Gordon Democratic seated January 25, 1830 Virginia 11th Philip P. Barbour Democratic Resignation Representative Philip P. Barbour resigned October 15, 1830. John M. Patton Democratic seated December 6, 1830. Virginia 22nd Alexander Smyth Democratic Death Representative Alexander Smyth died April 17. 1830. Joseph Draper Democratic seated December 6, 1830. 10. Officers Senate Secretary: Walter Lowrie of Pennsylvania elected December 12, 1825 Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811 Chaplain The Rev. William Ryland, Methodist, elected December 8, 1826 The Rev. Henry V. Johns, Episcopalian, elected December 14, 1829 Other Architect of the Capitol: Charles Bulfinch, appointed January 8, 1818, office abolished June 25, 1829 House of Representatives Clerk: Matthew S. Clarke of Pennsylvania, elected December 7, 1829 Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn of District of Columbia, elected December 7, 1829 Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch of Maryland, elected December 7, 1829 Chaplain: The Rev. Reuben Post, Presbyterian, elected December 7, 1829 The Rev. Ralph R. Gurley, Presbyterian, elected December 6, 1830 11. Notes 12. References Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.  Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.  13. External links Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress U.S. House of Representatives: House History U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists Be sure to replace "Needs" in "Needs Workgroup" below with a workgroup name. See the "Workgroups" link on the left for a list of workgroups.