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| | '''Dokdo''' is a group of volcanic islets in the Sea of Japan, occupied by South Korea and claimed by Japan. The ecology consists of a moderate maritime climate with a diverse marine life, a large presence of birds, and some vegetation. For more information, see [[Dokdo (Takeshima)/Debate Guide|the Debate Guide]] and [[Dokdo (Takeshima)/Gallery|the Gallery]]. |
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| '''Dokdo''' is a small group of volcanic rocks located in the Sea of Japan. South Korea administers the islets as an area of the Ulleung County, Northern Gyeongsang Province. The 56-acre (226600 m<sup>2</sup>) formation consists of two main islands that house a lighthouse, a helicopter pad, and a small police force. Because the rocks shelter various species of birds, plants, and insects, the South Korean government has designated the islets as a nature reserve and enforces measures to protect the islets from the visiting tourists. The sovereignty over Dokdo has been contested by Japan over historical and legal grounds. The dispute between the two countries has been one of the more serious quarrels between South Korea and its former colonial ruler. In Japanese, the islands were called '''Takeshima''' (竹島) since at least 1905, and it means "bamboo island". The Korean name has many different transliterations in English, including "Tok-do", "Dok-to", and "Tok Islets" (<span style="font-family: Batang, Serif">독도</span>), which equate to "rocky island". The islets possess two English titles: '''Liancourt Rocks''' and '''Hornet Rocks'''. "Liancourt" has its origin in the name of the French whaling ship that first encountered and charted the islets in 1849.
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| == Geography ==
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| Dokdo contains a total of 34 volcanic islands,<ref name="liancourt">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/liancourt.htm "Liancourt Rocks / Takeshima / Dokdo / Tokto"], GlobalSecurity.Org, 2006-12-16. Retrieved on 2007-09-02.</ref> and about 30 reefs.<ref name="MacArthur Line">
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| {{Citation
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| | last = Koo
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| | first = Min Gyo
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| | title = Economic Dependence and the Dokdo/Takeshima Dispute Between South Korea and Japan
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| | journal = Harvard Asia Quarterly
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| | volume = Volume IX
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| | issue = No. 4.
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| | pages =
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| | date = Fall
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| | year = 2005
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| | url = http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/26/
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| | doi =
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| | id = }}</ref> The 2 islands (''Seodo'' and ''Dongdo'' in Korean, ''Nishi-jima'' and ''Higashi-jima'' in Japanese; both literally meaning ''western island'' 西島 and ''eastern island'' 東島, respectively)<ref name="EastWest">{{cite web
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| | title = Special Report: Tokdo-Takeshima Dispute
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| | publisher = Pride of Korea - Dokdo
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| | date = 2001-07-06
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| | url = http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=2&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourdokdo.com%2Freport%2Fdokdo.doc&ei=V3_bRv-7EKXAggSbzInkCQ&usg=AFQjCNHM_57PahcL5TDUy-KdkJf_I06ciQ&sig2=Q4dexuV6Icvowqqp20g3gA
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-02 }}</ref> that make up for most of the geographical feature above water split 2 million years ago,<ref name="cenozoic">{{cite web
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| | title = Geographical and Geological Features of Dokdo
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| | publisher = Truth of Dokdo
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| | url = http://www.truthofdokdo.or.kr/eng/html/story_geography1.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref> and are now positioned 151 meters apart from each other.<ref name="net">Korea.net (1999–2006). [http://www.korea.net/News/Issues/issueDetailView.asp?board_no=5727 Dokdo: A Profile]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref> The alkaline effusive rocks began to form 4.6 million years ago in the [[Cenozoic Era]], and remained active for the next 2 million years.<ref name="cenozoic"/> About 2.5 million years ago, the main body split in two due to [[sedimentation]].<ref name="cenozoic"/> Liancourt Rocks is the mother island of [[Ulleungdo]],<ref name="SNU">{{cite web
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| | title = The Territorial Sovereignty over Dokdo Islets(Liancourt Rocks) and the Cairo Declaration in 1943
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| | publisher = Seoul National University
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| | date =
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| | url = http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/~bigbear1/m3-2-a1.htm
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref> and is older than Ulleungdo by 2 million years, making it the oldest island in Korea<ref name="cenozoic"/> ([[Awaji Island]] is the oldest island in Japan)<ref name="oldestjapan">{{cite conference
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| | title = 2003 iEARN Conference News
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| | location = Yumebutai Awaji International Conference site
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| | url = http://www.jearn.jp/2003conference/news/0721.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-03 }}</ref>.
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| In 2006, Professor Son Yung-gwan claimed that the islets would sink in 2 million years..<ref>[http://news.hankooki.com/lpage/society/200612/h2006120116153621950.htm "독도, 일본보다 빠른 속도로 침몰하고 있다"], [[The Korea Times]], 2006/12/01. [http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=2524386 손영관교수 `독도ㆍ울릉도 `침몰하고 있다``], [[JoongAng Ilbo]], 2006/12/01.</ref>
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| The total area of the islets is about 187,450 square meters (2,017,695 sq ft), with their highest point at 168.5 meters (554 ft) in the western islet.<ref name="ngii">
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| {{cite web
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| | title = Dokdo of Korea
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| | publisher = National Geographic Information Institute
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| | url = http://www.ngii.go.kr/jsp/ngii_eng/html/main/data/data_02.html
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| | accessdate = 2007-09-02 }}</ref> The western islet is about 88,640 square meters in area; the eastern islet about 73,300 square meters.<ref name="cyb" /> Liancourt Rocks are located at about 131°52′ East longitude and about 37°14′ North latitude.<ref name="cyb" /> The western islet is located at {{coor dms|37|14|31|N|131|51|55|E}} and the eastern islet is located at {{coor dms|37|14|27|N|131|52|10|E}}. The islets are 217 km (135 mi) from mainland Korea and 250 km (150 mi) from mainland Japan.<ref name="net" /> The nearest Korean territory ([[Ulleung-do]]) is 87 km away (54 mi) and can be visible on fair days;<ref>DKB News. [http://www.dkbnews.com/bbs/data/dica/1110987941/ul1.jpg UL1.jpg]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref><ref name="net" /> the nearest Japanese territory ([[Oki Islands]]) is 157 km (98 mi) away.<ref name="cyb" />
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| The western islet consists of a single peak and features many caves along the coastline. The cliffs of the eastern islet are about 10 to 20 meters high. There are two caves giving access to the sea, as well as a crater.<ref name="t1" /><ref name="tru">Truth of Dokdo. [http://www.truthofdokdo.or.kr/eng/html/story_main.html Story of Dokdo]. Retrieved [[9 January]], 2006.</ref>
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| ==Notes==
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