Harrier (fighter): Difference between revisions
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'''Harrier''' | {{TOC|right}} | ||
'''Harrier''' jets were the first successful [['''fighter''' aircraft]] capable of [[vertical takeoff and landing]], although [[short takeoff and vertical landing]] is preferred. Variants are used by the [[Royal Air Force]], [[Royal Navy]], and [[United States Marine Corps]]. | |||
==Britain== | ==Britain== | ||
As of 2000, the British military no longer differentiate between sea and land Harriers. The 1998 Strategic Defence Review which announced the creation of a "Joint Force 2000" (JF2000, with the mission "To provide a force able to deploy from land and sea, capable of precision attack of sea, land and air targets, able to undertake timely reconnaissance, and air escort of joint and allied assets." <ref>{{citation | |||
| url =http://navy-matters.beedall.com/harrier-gr9.htm | |||
| title = Harrier GR.9 | |||
| publisher = Navy Matters}}</ref> | |||
===Harrier GR=== | ===Harrier GR=== | ||
Developed by Hawker Siddeley, the original operational version, principally intended for NATO roles where it could be dispersed into forests and other concealment, and then rise to carry out [[close air support]] and [[battlefield air interdiction]]. | Developed by Hawker Siddeley, the original operational version, principally intended for NATO roles where it could be dispersed into forests and other concealment, and then rise to carry out [[close air support]] and [[battlefield air interdiction]]. | ||
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Sea Harriers had a decisive air superiority role in the [[Falklands War]]; a large part of their effectiveness was due to their [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles, which could engage an enemy aircraft from all directions. In addition, they were operating near their carrier, while the Argentinian aircraft were near the limit of fuel endurance. They were generally more maneuverable than their enemies. | Sea Harriers had a decisive air superiority role in the [[Falklands War]]; a large part of their effectiveness was due to their [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9L Sidewinder]] missiles, which could engage an enemy aircraft from all directions. In addition, they were operating near their carrier, while the Argentinian aircraft were near the limit of fuel endurance. They were generally more maneuverable than their enemies. | ||
A 2010 British defence review is retiring the Sea Harrier and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal, to make funds available for the new aircraft carriers that will not be available until 2019.<ref>{{citation | A 2010 British defence review is retiring the Sea Harrier and the aircraft carrier [[HMS Ark Royal (1985) |''HMS Ark Royal'' (1985)]], to make funds available for the new aircraft carriers that will not be available until 2019.<ref>{{citation | ||
| date = 9 October 2010 | | date = 9 October 2010 | ||
| title = Defence review: HMS Ark Royal to be scrapped | | title = Defence review: HMS Ark Royal to be scrapped | ||
| publisher = BBC News | | publisher = BBC News | ||
| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11570593?print=true}}</ref> | | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11570593?print=true}}</ref> | ||
==US== | ==US== | ||
* AV-8 Harrier | |||
=== | * AV-8 Harrier II | ||
==Successor (the F-35B)== | |||
Both the US and UK expect all Harriers to be replaced by the F-35B Lightning II that has short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. This is a requirement to replace the various Harrier versions being replaced in the the Italian Navy, the U.K. Royal Air Force and Royal Navy, and the United States Marine Corps. The F-35B is the world's first operational supersonic STOVL aircraft, yet will have significant stealth characteristics. Rather than an internal gun, it will have a belly-mounted 25 mm gun pod and a combat radius of more than 450 NM-, nearly two times that of legacy STOVL strike fighters. | |||
The F-35B combines a shaft-driven lift fan with a vectored main engine exhaust nozzle, a combination essential to achieving the desired performance. The fan provides an additional 14,000 pounds of lift beyond what thrust vectoring would provide by itself. <ref name=GS-F35B>{{citation | |||
| title = F-35B Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) | |||
| journal = Globalsecurity.com | |||
| url =http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/f-35b.htm}}</ref> Weight has been the bane of the "B" design, which took longer to achieve than that of the "A" and "C" models. Carrying weapons internally, as required by stealth, and an increased fuel load for greater range make the F-35B larger and heavier than Harriers and the comparable Russian Yak-38. The follow-on Yak-141, with dual vectored engines, was not successful. | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:01, 25 August 2024
Harrier jets were the first successful '''fighter''' aircraft capable of vertical takeoff and landing, although short takeoff and vertical landing is preferred. Variants are used by the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and United States Marine Corps.
Britain
As of 2000, the British military no longer differentiate between sea and land Harriers. The 1998 Strategic Defence Review which announced the creation of a "Joint Force 2000" (JF2000, with the mission "To provide a force able to deploy from land and sea, capable of precision attack of sea, land and air targets, able to undertake timely reconnaissance, and air escort of joint and allied assets." [1]
Harrier GR
Developed by Hawker Siddeley, the original operational version, principally intended for NATO roles where it could be dispersed into forests and other concealment, and then rise to carry out close air support and battlefield air interdiction.
Sea Harrier
Sea Harriers had a decisive air superiority role in the Falklands War; a large part of their effectiveness was due to their AIM-9L Sidewinder missiles, which could engage an enemy aircraft from all directions. In addition, they were operating near their carrier, while the Argentinian aircraft were near the limit of fuel endurance. They were generally more maneuverable than their enemies.
A 2010 British defence review is retiring the Sea Harrier and the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal (1985), to make funds available for the new aircraft carriers that will not be available until 2019.[2]
US
- AV-8 Harrier
- AV-8 Harrier II
Successor (the F-35B)
Both the US and UK expect all Harriers to be replaced by the F-35B Lightning II that has short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) capability. This is a requirement to replace the various Harrier versions being replaced in the the Italian Navy, the U.K. Royal Air Force and Royal Navy, and the United States Marine Corps. The F-35B is the world's first operational supersonic STOVL aircraft, yet will have significant stealth characteristics. Rather than an internal gun, it will have a belly-mounted 25 mm gun pod and a combat radius of more than 450 NM-, nearly two times that of legacy STOVL strike fighters. The F-35B combines a shaft-driven lift fan with a vectored main engine exhaust nozzle, a combination essential to achieving the desired performance. The fan provides an additional 14,000 pounds of lift beyond what thrust vectoring would provide by itself. [3] Weight has been the bane of the "B" design, which took longer to achieve than that of the "A" and "C" models. Carrying weapons internally, as required by stealth, and an increased fuel load for greater range make the F-35B larger and heavier than Harriers and the comparable Russian Yak-38. The follow-on Yak-141, with dual vectored engines, was not successful.
References
- ↑ Harrier GR.9, Navy Matters
- ↑ Defence review: HMS Ark Royal to be scrapped, BBC News, 9 October 2010
- ↑ "F-35B Joint Strike Fighter (JSF)", Globalsecurity.com