Supreme Court of the United States: Difference between revisions
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The '''Supreme Court of the United States''' is the final federal court of appeals in the [[United States]], consisting of nine Justices - the [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] and eight [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justices]]. Justices are nominated by the [[President of the United States|President]], and are confirmed by the [[United State Senate|Senate]]. Article Three of the Constitution defines the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, which include federal cases, cases between States and as an appeal court for citizens to bring cases, although the Eleventh Amendment limits the jurisdiction of federal courts. | The '''Supreme Court of the United States''' is the final federal court of appeals in the [[United States]], consisting of nine Justices - the [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] and eight [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justices]]. Justices are nominated by the [[President of the United States|President]], and are confirmed by the [[United State Senate|Senate]]. Article Three of the Constitution defines the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, which include federal cases, cases between States and as an appeal court for citizens to bring cases, although the Eleventh Amendment limits the jurisdiction of federal courts. | ||
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Revision as of 18:55, 4 April 2008
The Supreme Court of the United States is the final federal court of appeals in the United States, consisting of nine Justices - the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. Justices are nominated by the President, and are confirmed by the Senate. Article Three of the Constitution defines the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, which include federal cases, cases between States and as an appeal court for citizens to bring cases, although the Eleventh Amendment limits the jurisdiction of federal courts.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is John G. Roberts, a 53-year-old Bush appointee in September 2005, a Harvard-trained lawyer, former Associate Counsel to the President and practicing Roman Catholic. The current associate Justices are as follows:
- John Paul Stevens, a Ford appointee in 1975, and the longest serving current member of the court, having served on the Burger Court and the Rehnquist Court. Stevens is also the second oldest Supreme Court Justice in the history of the United States.
- Antonin Scalia, a Reagan appointee in 1986, is a controversial jurist, the most prominent supporter of the concept of originalism and textualism, and Roman Catholic.
- Anthony Kennedy, a 1988 Reagan appointee, is a conservative and libertarian member of the Court, often serving as the swing vote on controversial decisions.
- David Souter, a 1990 Bush Sr. appointee, has tended towards being more liberal since Planned Parenthood v. Casey
- Clarence Thomas, a 1991 Bush Sr. appointee, is the second African-American to serve on the Supreme Court after Thurgood Marshall, and has a conservative judicial philosophy, adhering to originalism
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a 1993 Clinton appointee, is the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court (the first being the recently retired Sandra Day O'Connor)
- Stephen Breyer, a 1994 Clinton appointee, and the leading liberal Justice on the court
- Samuel Alito, a 2006 Bush Jr. appointee, a conservative Catholic, nominated after Bush failed to nominate Harriet Miers to the court
Bibliography
- Baum, Lawrence. The Supreme Court (2006) excerpt and text search
- Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court (2008)
- Rosen, Jeffrey. The Supreme Court: The Personalities and Rivalries That Defined America (2007) excerpt and text search
- Toobin, Jeffrey. The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court (2007)
History
- Hall, Kermit, et al. eds. The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States (2005) excerpt and text search; complete text online at OUP
- Hoffer, Peter Charles, Williamjames Hull Hoffer, and N. E. H. Hull. The Supreme Court: An Essential History (2007), by leading scholars; excerpt and text search
- Irons, Peter. A People's History of the Supreme Court: The Men and Women Whose Cases and Decisions Have Shaped Our Constitution (2nd ed. 2006) excerpt and text search
- Schwartz, Bernard. A History of the Supreme Court (1995) excerpt and text search
- Warren, Charles. The Supreme Court in United States History (1922), vol 1 1789-1821 online; vol 2 1821-1855 online; vol 3 1856-1918 online