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...ersurface around black hole [[Singularity|singularity]] won him the 2020 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. <ref name=gravitational /> Yang I. Pachankis furthered the ev

For an historical outline, see for example {{cite book |title=The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige |author=Burton Feldman |pag

...the Faculty. Before the merger, the Universities between them counted 23 [[Nobel Prize]] winners amongst their former staff and students. Manchester has tradition ...of Manchester/Catalogs/Nobel Prize winners|University of Manchester alumni Nobel Prize winners]]''

...i.e., [[pathogen]]) of an [[infectious disease]]. Koch received the 1905 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for his contributions, including the isolation

...eatest Dutch theoretical physicists. He was the second Nobel laureate in [[Nobel Prize in Physics/Catalogs|physics]], together with [[Pieter Zeeman]]. They receiv ...interpretation. The experimental and theoretical work was honored with the Nobel prize in physics in 1902.

...s discovery, [[Daniel Nathans]] and [[Hamilton Smith]] received the 1978 [[Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine]] and together with [[ligase]], which can bond sp

...cles/ekspong/ The Dual Nature of Light as Reflected in the Nobel Archives] Nobel Prize Organisation</ref>

In his 1984 Nobel prize lecture <ref> ...aureates/1984/stone-lecture.pdf Richard Stone ''The Accounts of Society'' Nobel Prize Lecture 1984]</ref>, Richard Stone ascribes the origins of the concept to

* 1964 The [[Capital Asset Pricing Model]] (for which the 1990 Nobel Prize in Economics was to be awarded to William Sharpe, Harry Markowitz abd Merto

...were working as civil servants in the British Cabinet Office. In his 1984 Nobel prize lecture,<ref> ...laureates/1984/stone-lecture.pdf Richard Stone ''The Accounts of Society'' Nobel Prize Lecture 1984].</ref> Richard Stone ascribes the origins of the concept to e

...ry]] starts with the [[Wöhler synthesis]] in 1828. In the history of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] awards have been given for the invention of specific organic

...memory of water'. According to [[Brian Josephson]] (who, after winning the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 became a champion of iconoclastic ideas) "That's what g |title= Top 6 unconventional post-Nobel Prize claims

...rg/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/kapitsa-bio.html Pyotr Kapitsa, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978]</ref>

...hicle]]s. Her namesake is [[Patrick Blackett]], a Royal Navy veteran and [[Nobel Prize]]-winning British physicist.<ref name="telegraph1">{{cite news |last1=Corfi

...sh; 29 January 1934, [[Basel]]) was a German chemist. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1918 for the synthesis of [[ammonia]] from the gaseous [[ ...ommittee awarded Haber alone (without Bosch or Le Rossignol) the chemistry Nobel Prize of 1918. During the ceremony the Prizes awarded during the war were also to

...nsulin therapy, for which the 1923 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize in Medicine]] was awarded.

The [[Germany|German]] [[Eduard Buchner]], winner of the 1907 [[Nobel Prize]] in chemistry, later determined that fermentation was actually caused by a

...r [[chromatography|chromatographic]] processes by the British chemists and Nobel Prize winners, [[Archer John Porter Martin|Martin]] and [[Richard Laurence Millin

Harvey, Bonnie C. Jane Addams : Nobel Prize Winner and Founder of Hull House Historical American Biographies. Berkeley Rosenberg, Pam. Jane Addams : Social Reformer and Nobel Prize Winner Our People. Chanhassen, Minn.: Child's World, 2004.

==1980s Nobel Prize Winners==

...&nbsp;historian and economist [[Robert William Fogel]], who received the [[Nobel Prize in Economics]] in 1993, surveys what he discerns as cyclical interactions, ...inberg, a professor at the University of Texas at Austin, who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics, writes:

...d described in 1882 by Dr. [[Robert Koch]], who later went on to win the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1905 for his discovery. Also known as, "Tubercle Bacillus", and Koch's

...ble the cheap mass production of vitamin C. Haworth was awarded the 1937 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] largely for this work. The synthetic form of the vitamin is

.../laureates/1935/chadwick.html Sir James Chadwick], who received the 1935 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for his work. A repeatable experimental demonstration of the e

...[scurvy]]), the disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C. In 1937 the [[Nobel Prize]] for chemistry was awarded to [[Walter Haworth]] for his work in determini

# [[Nobel Prize]]

...Yearbook 47, (1948): 155-169.]</ref>, and she was eventually awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1983 for this discovery <ref>[http://newton.nap.edu/html/biomems/bmccl ...n) by [[Barbara McClintock]] in the 1940s, for which she was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1983. She noticed the results of [[insertion (genetics)|insertion]]s,

...tructure and chemical nature of Vitamin K. Dam and Doisy shared the 1943 [[Nobel Prize]] for medicine for their work on Vitamin K. [[Louis Fieser]] was the first

...r Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery'' W.W. Norton, 1989. by Nobel Prize winner in economics [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=102078077 online e

...prize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr.html 1922 winner of the Nobel Prize in physics]) suggested complementarity is useful outside of quantum theory.

...he first medically useful device in 1903, for which he received the 1924 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine.

The [[Germany|German]] [[Eduard Buchner]], winner of the 1907 [[Nobel Prize]] in chemistry, later determined that fermentation was actually caused by a

In 1927 [[Egas Moniz]], professor of neurology in [[Lisbon]] and [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] in 1949, introduced cerebral [[angiography]], ...extent) repeatable neuro-investigation. Cormack and Housenfield won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1979 for this work.

...y conundrums but is dauntingly complex. The first model was proposed by [[Nobel Prize]] winner [[George Beadle]] in 1939, and it has experimental support, but it In 1983, [[Barbara McClintock]] received the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for discovery of [[transposons]] while studying

...te'' quickly met with critical acclaim. In 1967, Asturias received the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] for his entire body of work. This international acknowledgm ===Nobel Prize===

...and [[Elias Canetti]]. Twelve authors writing in German have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, including [[Thomas Mann]], Hermann Hesse, Elias Canetti, and

...the Nobel Foundation of scientists who had been worthy of receiving the [[Nobel Prize]] but did not, for one reason or another. It is believed that d'Hérelle wa

...ant early experiments on synaptic integration, for which he received the [[Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine]] in 1963. Complex input/output relationships fo

...the Nobel Foundation of scientists who had been worthy of receiving the [[Nobel Prize]] but did not, for one reason or another. It is believed that d'Herelle was

* [[Arne Tiselius|Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius]], Swedish biochemist and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate of 1948

====Nobel Prize omission==== ...tinguished authors who never received the honor.<ref>Feldman, Burton ''The Nobel Prize: a History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige'', p. 57, Arcade Publishing

Warren and Marshall received the 2005 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their work.

...nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2002/kahneman-lecture.html Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2002].

[[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel laureate]] Dr. [[Steven Chu]], a [[physics|physicist]], wa

...n [[Francis Crick]], [[James D. Watson]] and [[Maurice Wilkins]] who won a Nobel prize for the discovery of the DNA double helix. Delbruck's efforts to promote th

...-bio.html Biography at the Nobel Prize website]</ref> <ref>J. J. Thomson's Nobel Prize Lecture (1906) [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/t

Shouldn't Nobel prize winners, Prix Goncourt, Pulitzer prize, etc. be all added?

...ade of was named PrP ('prion-related protein'). Prusiner was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine]] in 1997 for this research.<ref>{{cite journal|t

..., The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901]</ref>, who won the first Nobel Prize in medicine in 1901 for discoveries that led to [[vaccine]]s against [[teta

...iddle-east-17880367 Constitution Party] since its inception in April 2012. Nobel prize-winning law scholar and diplomat.([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10420218 BBC

...because it was released from the [[vagus nerve]]. Both received the 1936 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for their work.

It is of some historical interest to point out that van der Waals in his Nobel prize lecture gave credit to [[Laplace]] for the argument that pressure is reduce

...as recognised in his lifetime as a major poet, and in 1948 he received the Nobel Prize for literature.

...rded every 4 years. It is usually considered the equivalent of science's [[Nobel prize]]. Another major international award, the [[Abel Prize]], was introduced in

Nelson is the birthplace of [[Ernest Rutherford|Lord Rutherford]], the Nobel prize-winning physicist whose image appears on New Zealand's one hundred dollar b

...erculosis, Koch finally proved the germ theory, for which he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1905. In Koch's postulates, he set out criteria to test if an organism i ...unds that selectively killed the pathogen. Ehrlich had been awarded a 1908 Nobel Prize for his work on immunology, and pioneered the use of stains to detect and i

...this and other work in the field, Staudinger was ultimately awarded the [[Nobel Prize]]. In the intervening century, synthetic polymer materials such as [[Nylon

...aught for many years at [[MIT]]. His predecessor, [[Robert Laughlin]], a [[Nobel Prize]] laureate and a physics professor from [[Stanford University]], was the fi

It is of some historical interest to point out that van der Waals in his Nobel prize lecture gave credit to [[Laplace]] for the argument that pressure is reduce

...economics has been Ronald Coase, who summarised his approach in his 1991 Nobel Prize lecture <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1991/c ...Eric Maskin of Princeton and Roger Myerson of Chicago earned them the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics.

...economics has been Ronald Coase, who summarised his approach in his 1991 Nobel Prize lecture <ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1991/c ...Eric Maskin of Princeton and Roger Myerson of Chicago earned them the 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics.

...and brotherhood. Morrison is the first African American woman to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].

...ic of Scientific Discovery'' (Translation of ''Logik der Forschung''). The Nobel prize winner Sir Peter Medawar called this book "one of the most important docum ...ry] and [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/ 1980 Nobel Prize for Chemistry])</ref> published about 70 papers in his whole career; 30 of

...S. Buck]] (1892-73), was raised in China by missionary parents and won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her numrous stories and novels portraying heroic Chinese

...ed using thermal cycling introduced by Kary Mullis in 1984 winning him the Nobel Prize in 1993. The enzymes found in the ''T. aquaticus'' are able to withstand th

...competitions and honors, such as the [[Olympic Games|Olympics]] and the [[Nobel Prize]], award a gold [[medal]] to the winner (with [[silver]] to the second-plac ...re usually awarded the gold medal (such as the [[Olympic Games]] and the [[Nobel Prize]]), while many award statues are depicted in gold (such as the [[Academy Aw

.../2006/adv.html Advanced Information: RNA interference] Review for the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Accessed 7 February 2007</ref>

...ke the great romantic and symbolist poet [[Maurice Maeterlinck]] (1862-49, Nobel Prize 1911), the writer of Tijl Ulenspieghel [[Charles De Coster]], the poët and

...ic of Scientific Discovery'' (Translation of ''Logik der Forschung''). The Nobel prize winner Sir Peter Medawar called this book "one of the most important docum ...ry] and [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/ 1980 Nobel Prize for Chemistry])</ref> published about 70 papers in his whole career; 30 of

...ivalence]], [[E = mc²]]), he was awarded the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize for Physics]] for his explanation of the [[photoelectric effect]] in 1905 ( ...on]], the [[photoelectric effect]], and [[special relativity]]) deserved [[Nobel Prize]]s. Only the paper on the photoelectric effect would be mentioned by the No

...ry led to the development of a vaccine and he was recognized with the 2008 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine.<ref>http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/

...1970s]] by [[E. Donnall Thomas]], whose work was later recognized with a [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology and Medicine. Dr. Thomas' work showed that bone marrow cel

...uc Montagnier, the French virologist who co-discovered HIV and who won the Nobel Prize in 2008, conducted a series of experiments showing that extremely small dos

.../2006/adv.html Advanced Information: RNA interference] Review for the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Accessed 7 February 2007</ref>

*[[Georg von Békésy]], winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize for his research on the cochlea

Shaw, Yeats, Beckett and Heaney are [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Literature]] laureates. Other prominent writers include ...s Law]]. [[Ernest Walton]] of [[Trinity College Dublin]] shared the 1951 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for "splitting the atom". [[William Rowan Hamilton]] was a sig

...mulus]] to be unnecessary or ineffective. Among the first group were the Nobel prize-winners Paul Krugman <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/09/opinion/09kru

...influences, and is very recognisable internationally, including renowned [[Nobel Prize]] winners such as the Colombian [[Gabriel García Márquez]] (''[[One Hundr [[Gabriela Mistral]] and [[Pablo Neruda]] (in 1971) are known Chilean Nobel Prize winners.

...drew Fire, Craig Mello and others (for which Fire and Mello were awarded a Nobel Prize in 2006) greatly stimulated research on miRNA.

....0.CO;2]</ref>; an achievement that eventualy resulted in the award of the Nobel prize for economics ...zes/economics/laureates/1997/press.html Press release for the award of the Nobel Prize in Economics to Robert Merton and Myron Scholes, Nobel Committee 1997]</ref

...ation of the [[periodic table of elements]] by [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]. The [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], created in 1901 gives an excellent overview of chemical dis

...nd winner of the RGS founder's medal in 2003 and the Prix Vautrin Lud (the Nobel Prize of Geography) in 2007

...ign substance.'' For his work on catalysis, Ostwald was awarded the 1909 [[Nobel Prize]] in Chemistry.<ref>{{cite journal|author=M.W. Roberts|title=Birth of the c

...supported by major advances in computer and communications technology. A Nobel prize was awarded for the discovery of the pricing model that underpins much of t

...'' The basis of the [[DNA sequencing]] technique. (Sanger won his second [[Nobel prize]] thanks to it.)

...s|periodic table]] of the chemical elements by [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]. The [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], created in 1901, gives an excellent overview of chemical di

Eric Kandel (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2000) investigated biochemical changes in neuron

...ier).<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962] Nobelprize .org Accessed 22 Dec 06</ref> ...de]].<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968] Nobelprize.org Accessed 22 Dec 06</ref>

...92) was a British economist of the [[Austrian School]], winner of the 1974 Nobel Prize in Economics , founder of the Institute for Economic Affairs, and author of :''([[Milton Friedman]] (1912-2006) was the winner of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Economics and leader of the [[Chicago School of Economics]] and was the

{{cite journal |author=Kaufmann SH |title=Robert Koch, the Nobel Prize, and the ongoing threat of tuberculosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=3

...nto a factor called the "generalized Richardson constant", named after the Nobel Prize winning author of the original theory of thermionic emission, [http://nobel

...ical radiotelegraph system. Among his many honors, he was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]], "in recognition of their

...ical radiotelegraph system. Among his many honors, he was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]], "in recognition of their

...sized by [[Vincent du Vigneaud]] in 1953, work for which he received the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1955.<ref>[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Chemistry/vincent

...sized by [[Vincent du Vigneaud]] in 1953, work for which he received the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1955.<ref>[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Chemistry/vincent

...[[troubadours]] of the Middle Ages, a baroque period, Frederic Mistral's [[Nobel prize]] in 1904 and a constant renewal nowadays.<ref>KIRSCH F. Peter, & KREMNITZ

NUS's affiliated faculty members and researchers include one [[Nobel Prize]] laureate, one [[Tang Prize]] laureate, and one [[Vautrin Lud Prize|Vautri

[[Propranolol]] was developed by James Black who later received the Nobel Prize for this and other work.<ref name="pmid9456487">{{cite journal |author=Stap

...Heisenberg]])<ref> Especially since [[Werner Heisenberg]] was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 for the creation of quantum mechanics, the role of [[Max

...s completely unfounded, subjective, and opinionated. Some of them, such as Nobel Prize winners [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]] and [[Hans Bethe]], never forgave Teller for

...84:739-749. PMID 3135745</ref> [[Albert Szent Gyorgyi]], who received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the molecule, comments in familiar terms the situation

...teriological Reviews 11, page 1.</ref>. For this work he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] for 1958. The bacterial mating mechanism, calle

...t international achievement. He was the first American to be awarded the [[Nobel Prize]], winning the Peace Prize in 1906, for negotiating the peace in the [[Russ

...ef>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2006/info.pdf The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006] Information for the public. p. 5. Royal Swedish Academy of

...n#Baltimore classification|Baltimore classification]] was devised by the [[Nobel Prize]]-winning biologist [[David Baltimore]]. This places a virus into one of se

...000011/00/HOE.htm] Conversely, the neuroscientist [[Roger Sperry]], in his Nobel prize lecture in 1981, argued that such reductionism is not appropriate: he descr

...of this medical breakthrough, some scientists believe that King deserved a Nobel Prize." Accessed February 2007 </ref>

...="pmid16339091">{{cite journal |author=Kaufmann SH |title=Robert Koch, the Nobel Prize, and the ongoing threat of tuberculosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=3

...="pmid16339091">{{cite journal |author=Kaufmann SH |title=Robert Koch, the Nobel Prize, and the ongoing threat of tuberculosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=3

...nister from 1951 to 1955. He was also a noted author and was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] in 1953 for his historical and biographical work. ...ps://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1953/churchill/facts/ |title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1953 &ndash; Winston Churchill |publisher=Nobel Media AB |loc

We take as our theme the definition of life given by [[Nobel prize]]winning cellular/molecular biologist [[Christian De Duve]]: "''Life is wha ...ine/laureates/2002/brenner-autobio.html Autobiography, Sidney Brenner, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002.]</ref> <ref>Sidney Brenner’s Nobel lectur

...PhD at the nation's leading school Leiden University, and in 1910 won the Nobel Prize for his discoveries in thermodynamics.

...prize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr.html 1922 winner of the Nobel Prize in physics]) suggested complementarity is useful outside of quantum theory.

The most decorated economic analyst of law is 1991 Nobel Prize winner [[Ronald Coase]]. His first major article, ''[[The Nature of the Fir