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{{r|Vowel}}

{{r|Vowel}}

...ff, whíff, múff''', though not always: '''íf, óf''' (*ov), '''déaf''' (two vowel letters).

{{r|Vowel}}

...the mouth; for '''w''' the lips are further apart, making the sound more [[vowel]]-like. Examples: '''vúlgar, véry, vāst, háve, wâve''', and finally in ...l'''. But it doubles before final '''y''' to emphasise that the preceding vowel is short: '''chívvy, sávvy, návvy''' (compare '''chîves''' and '''nâvy

...e second-lowest 'F2' formant correlates with how far back in the mouth the vowel is produced. This image was created using the [http://www.praat.org Praat]

...sonants, and two letters (W and Y) that can act as either a consonant or a vowel, depending on context.

{{r|Vowel}}

{{r|Vowel||**}}

...g). A final consonant may have to be doubled in order to keep the stressed vowel short: '''sít''' becomes '''sítting''' (not '''sîting''', which is from ...'''íng''' form, a final consonant may double in order to keep the stressed vowel short: '''overláp''' becomes '''overlápping

although if followed by a back vowel ('''a, o, u''') the '''c''' is pronounced '''k''': '''éxcavate''', AmE ''' But this '''x''' sound can also be written, before a front vowel, '''cc''': '''áccident''', *áxident, '''áccent, áccess, accépt, Occid�

Words beginning with '''gu'''- plus a front vowel, '''e, i''' or '''y''', have the hard sound; the '''u''' is written to show ...e, i''' and '''y''' medially often preceded by a '''d''' following a short vowel: '''George, gín, gŷroscope, géntleman, geriátric, giráffe, Gërmany, h

...ish [b d g], for example, are only fully voiced between segments such as [[vowel]]s that are themselves fully voiced, while in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], ...steners into the voicing more than actual vocal fold vibration itself; the vowel in 'cat', for instance, is rather shorter than the one in 'cad', and the fi

{{r|Vowel}}

...d, háppy, háppen, náppy, rípper, cúpped, stépping''', and after an initial vowel as in '''appŏrtion, appŏintment, apprôach, applŷ, opportûnity, úpper'

{{r|Vowel||**}}

...here it is really redundant, as the '''g''' is usually followed by a front vowel, '''e, i''' or '''y''': '''bádge, lédge, bádger, lédger, rídge, brídg '''d''' is often doubled, to emphasise the preceding short vowel: '''míddle, sádder, ádd, múddle, gíddy, ódd, pádding, wédded'''. T

...ry [[palatalization|palatal]] [[articulation]], caused by the high front [[vowel]] <nowiki>[</nowiki>i:<nowiki>]</nowiki> following it, something that is la

{{r|Vowel}}

...låw''' is *lå and '''lôw''' = '''lô''', unless the next word begins with a vowel: compare '''flôw''', silent '''w''', with '''flôw ón''' where the '''w'' ...''twîce, twâin''') one can put an accent on it and treat it as part of the vowel.

At the end of a word, '''k''' is usual after a double or long vowel, and after '''l''', '''n''' and '''r''': '''pêak, mâke, sínk, boòk, tá ..., '''k''' merely reinforces the hard '''c''' sound and the preceding short vowel: '''clóck''' (*clók, *clóc), '''lúck, súck, néck, báck, thíck, bló

{{r|Vowel}}

...ayer can then choose to spin the wheel again and earn more money, reveal a vowel for $250, or guess the words and win the puzzle's prize. If the player gues ...vealed on the puzzle, and the player guesses three more consonants and one vowel to reveal more of the phrase to them. They have 10 seconds to guess the ent

...l motivation in phonetic change: Dialect levelling outcomes for an English vowel shift'. ''Journal of Sociolinguistics'' 8(1): 23-53.

...oubled in the middle of words to maintain the short sound of the preceding vowel: '''bétter, hítting''' (cf. '''hít'''), '''knítted''' (cf. '''knít''') ...thê''' ([[schwa]] before a following consonant, '''ê''' before a following vowel), '''thís, thát, thére, thén, òther, brêathe, lāther, hêathen''' (c

But it is at its most frequent as a vowel at the end of words. Here it is often pronounced like the word '''Î''' at ...are very rare: '''sýllable, sýllabus, Lýttelton''', and, with a different vowel sound, '''mÿrrh'''.

...ginning of a word, starting either with the same [[consonant]] or with a [[vowel]]. In [[poetry]], the words would normally be in the same line (or, in som

...d ''beo'' 'alive'. Such consonants also affect which of Irish's 15 or so [[vowel]]s may acceptably co-occur with them. ...t̪ˠəx] 'spent bog', primary stress falls on the first member. When a short vowel is unstressed, it generally surfaces as the [[schwa]] [ə], similar to the

*'''ɜ''' as the vowel sound in 'her', 'fir', 'fur' and 'work' *'''ː''' lengthens a preceding vowel

...has many words which completely change meaning with the change of a single vowel.)

...ically possible to produce, but unattested in any languages. The front low vowel [ɶ], for instance, seems to be absent from the phonology and phonetics of ...ch vowel; for example, the lower the bottom formant ('F1'), the higher the vowel is articulated in the [[mouth]]. This image was created using the [http://w

It is doubled in the middle of words to keep the preceding vowel short: '''fúnny''' (from '''fún'''), '''ínner, wínning, dínner, Ánnie ...eparately (outside some regional pronunciations) and this is true before a vowel in the middle of some words: '''sínger, wínger, wrónged, bánging, Bíng

If the verb ends in "y" and a vowel precedes the "y", add "s". For example, ...or example the verb permit (the verb ends with "t" (consonant) and an "i" (vowel) precedes the "t") double the final consonant and add "ed". Here are some e

...Е]]''' &nbsp; '''е''' || е {{IPA|[je]}} || '''IE ie''' (initially or after vowel: '''JE&nbsp;je''') || {{IPA|[je]}}, {{IPA|[ʲe]}} || ''ye'' in "''ye''t" ...Ё]]''' &nbsp; '''ё''' || ё {{IPA|[jo]}} || '''IO io''' (initially or after vowel: '''JO&nbsp;jo''') || {{IPA|[jo]}}, {{IPA|[ʲo]}} || ''yo'' in "''Yo''rk"

...s]] ([[German language|German]] ''Palatalisierung'') to refer to a type of vowel mutation more commonly referred to as ''[[i-umlaut]]'' (UK: ''i-mutation'') ...quires a secondary palatalized articulation under the influence of a front vowel or palatal or palatalized consonant. This process manifests itself in varyi

...ways on the first [[syllable]]. The [[alphabet]] contains 44 letters: 14 [[vowel]]s and 26 [[consonant]]s, plus 4 "foreign letters": ''q'', ''w'', ''x'' and

...stead of a pitch accent, so the diacritic is now used to mark the stressed vowel of a word. The acute accent marks the [[Stress (linguistics)|stressed vowel]] of a word in several languages:

! align="center"|[[Front vowel|Front]] ! align="center"|[[Central vowel|Central]]

{{r|Vowel}}

..., áfterwards''', pronounced *hàad, etc. And the '''r''' is silent before a vowel in BrE '''îron''' ''metal'' = '''îon''' ''electron''. ...' and before '''ôw''' and '''y''', giving the short sound of the preceding vowel: '''árrow, márrow, búrrow, fúrrow, Térry, Dérry, cúrry, sórry, mér

...d ''beo'' 'alive'. Such consonants also affect which of Irish's 15 or so [[vowel]]s may acceptably co-occur with them. ...t̪ˠəx] 'spent bog', primary stress falls on the first member. When a short vowel is unstressed, it generally surfaces as the [[schwa]] [ə], similar to the

It is only doubled in the middle of words, to keep the preceding vowel short: '''súmmer, slímmer, slímmed, slímming''' (cf. '''slím'''), '''d

...fect rhyme''' the two rhyming syllables have enough in common (usually the vowel sound) for the assonance to be recognisable without being identical.

...Although the spoken languages used by the drummers also had consonant and vowel-based "phonemes", the vowels and consonants proved unnecessary for the tran

...like the English ''ng'' in ''king''—or for the nasalization of a preceding vowel. The symbol is also used in several Latin-script transcriptions, such as th

...clúbber, Débbie, clúbbed, drúbbing''' - but not when written as a double vowel: '''doúble, troúble'''.

*additional H put at the front of words beginning with vowel sounds, as in 'good hevening'. The lengthening of the vowel sound in (for example) grass (from gras to gra:s) was a cockney innovation

{{r|Vowel}}

...ards the front or back of the mouth, i.e. /n/ surfaces as [ŋ] after a back vowel. [n], [ŋ] and [m] can be syllabic, usually in interjections. A single cons

...es in voicing, with [-s]. After a sibilant, an [[epenthesis|epenthetic]] [[vowel]] is inserted: in ''gases'', for instance, the plural is [-ɪz]. ...ot applied to new words, arguably the ''-en'' form or the alternation of a vowel do not constitute genuine plural markers. The sole productive form is ''-s'

...is, it does not use numerically-measured patterns of syllables, stresses, vowel lengths, etc.

'''Obama'''<ref>Pronounced [obama], with short [[vowel]]s; cf. Barack Obama's surname, [oʊbɑ:mə] in [[American English]].</ref>

...'''coêlacanth''' (all sêe-). For the hissing sound to remain before a back vowel, a cedilla is used in '''Bàrça''' (cf. '''Barcelôna''', where no cedilla '''ci''' before a vowel can have the '''sh''' sound: '''atrôcious''' (*atrôshəss), '''précious'

...[capital] letter B'.</ref> <C>, etc.) as well. Consonants are similar to [[vowel]]s in this regard, but different terminology is used to describe their [[ar

...lables. [[Semitic languages]] such as Arabic indicate consonants, but some vowel information is only optionally included. Most Chinese characters represent

...former was the lowercase form of the latter, and they represented both the vowel [u] and the semivowel [w]. '''u''' represents three back vowel sounds, one of which ('''û''') has a variant with an initial semivowel, so

'''l''' is single after a two-letter vowel: '''cråwl, foôl, rêal, fòul''' ''horrible'' = '''fòwl''' ''bird'', ''' ...nsonant to form a cluster without altering the long sound of the preceding vowel: '''âble, tâble, îdle, bûgle, nôble''' (cf. the double consonants in '

...h as [p], [f] and [s] involve an irregular wave, while sonorants such as [[vowel]]s and [[nasality|nasal]] [[consonant]]s are more regular. Obstruents which

...of sounds and signs in [[language]]. Typically, a syllable consists of a [[vowel]] and at least one [[consonant]], though various combinations are possible, ...les must have onsets.<ref>Although German has many words that begin with a vowel, phonetically a [[glottal stop]] is inserted to comply with this ''obligato

...l motivation in phonetic change: Dialect levelling outcomes for an English vowel shift'. ''Journal of Sociolinguistics'' 8(1): 23-53.

...composed of "armoire" preceded by "la", which drops the "a" before another vowel: the apostrophe is there to acknowledge this. But where -'''n't''' follows a vowel sound (or a vowel-drenched '''r''' in [[American English|AmE]]), there is no new syllable: ''

silent after a vowel, combines to form consonant sounds with preceding consonant -'''h cf. voiced '''th''' in '''thŷ''', vowel sound identical: unvoiced '''th''' in '''thîgh

...[plural]] ''-s'' may be optional, and the sound [l] may be realised as a [[vowel]]; for the strongest SCE speech, it does not contrast with [r].<ref>Brown a

...]]ise; for example, ''house'' was originally pronounced with the high back vowel [uː], as in ''ruse''; it lowered and centralised slightly to [aʊ] over ti

Modern English is often dated from the [[Great Vowel Shift]] which took place mainly during the 15th century. English was furthe

...) that would be natural in American English: [sɪɾɪ] not [sɪtɪ]. Canadian [[vowel]]s are often quite different from those in the USA.<ref>Woods (1993). See a

...tions, Latin initial ''f-'' mutated into ''h-'' before a non-diphthongised vowel. | '''[[i]]''' after or before another vowel||[j] ||Resembles English ''y'' in ''yet, boy''.

More often, as in '''nîght''', '''gh''' is silent, and quite a variety of vowel sounds and spellings can precede it: '''ŏught, sŏught, bŏught, cåught,

...rieties, these sounds will systematically change: for example, the English vowel in 'bird' emerges as [a:] in Japanese: 'bird' becomes バード ''baado'' -

'''e''' shows various vowel sounds - or is silent. ...s -'''ëar'''- in '''hëard'''. The same sound can be found using different vowel letters in '''shïrt, bürn''' and '''wörth'''.

...g sound is also that of '''st''' before -'''en''' and -'''le''' (the final vowel is always schwa): '''lísten''' (*líssən), '''fāsten''' (*fāssən), ''' Before certain suffixes, '''si''' can be pronounced '''zh''' before a vowel: '''fûsion, derísion, televísion, Âsia''' (*Âzhə or *Âshə) as is ''

...' is silent in '''yacht''', though it affects the quality of the preceding vowel: *yót. ...'' has a silent '''h''', and occurs in the interjection '''èh?''', showing vowel length, in '''Tehràn''' (which can also be Té-), and in names from German

...e narrow sense, that is, a writing system using a separate symbol for each vowel and consonant alike.<ref name="Blackwell">{{cite book |last= Coulmas|first= ...ng") and vowels, where the consonant signs always had to be accompanied by vowel signs to create a pronouncable unit.

...way as the ''-s'' in ''cats'', and in a plural like ''dishes'', an "extra" vowel appears before the ''-s''. These cases, where the same distinction is effe ...the root and the plural marker, and [dɪʃəz] results. This is an example of vowel [[epenthesis]] in English. Similar rules apply to the pronunciation of the

...ing, "Teh'''e'''ran") there has developed a tendency to lengthen the first vowel to the sound in '''èh?''', making the syllable sound like '''Tây ...before a following vowel; nowadays one also hears the schwa form before a vowel. In dates, '''the''' and '''of''' are normally omitted in writing: '''10 Â

...are generally vowel rich; whereas languages such as German and English are vowel starved. In part, this arises from the greater vocabulary of modern languag

*Vowel-rich, consonant-rich word *Vowel-consonant patterns in word

**I stood for vowel or semi-vowel sounds like [i], [ɪ], [iː] or [j] (depending on the language). **U stood for vowel or semi-vowel sounds like [u], [uː], [ʊ], [y], [w] or [ɥ] (depending on the language).

...n, [[Tiberian Hebrew]]. Various developments such as the loss of phonemic vowel length took place after Hebrew was no longer a spoken language. Tiberian H

...; sometimes there is a redundant soft '''c''' after '''s''' before a front vowel: '''s'''c'''êne, s'''c'''îence, effervés'''c'''e ...'': very commonly as final mute '''e''', usually lengthening the preceding vowel, as in '''lât'''e''', kît'''e''', hôp'''e''', Jûn'''e; in the regula

...déath, wörld-dominâtion fántasy, mâin-sêquence stàrs'''. (The accents show vowel sounds and can be referenced in [[English spellings]] or [[English phonemes ...' and '''prê-émpt''' the hyphen aids pronunciation by separating identical vowel-letters with different sounds, though perhaps it is a little pedantic to se

...ver, the written forms shows them that [t] must be pronounced, so an extra vowel is added (''epenthesis'') as in [katə], which may persist. Acquisition wit

..."Has the strength of an eagle").<ref>The emergence of the low end-[[Vowel|vowel]] is an equivalent to the [[Old English]] translations of the Germanic ''wa

...'' || - [i] <br>- [j] after vowel || ''- h'''i'''t <br>- bo'''y''''' after vowel || ...''c'''u'''re'', ''f'''ew''''') <br> - ''sho'''u'''t'', ''lo'''w''''' after vowel ||

...ef> [[Phonology|Phonologically]], its 'sounds' consist mainly of consonant-vowel units that cannot be split up, such as ''bu'', ''ni'' and ''ka'', which are

'''a''' shows various vowel sounds. The short sound: '''cát, sát, mát, háve, bád, cráss, glád, H Many foreign learners confuse '''å''' (a long vowel) with the diphthong '''ô''' and so pronounce '''låw''' ''legal'' as if it

...ing of the choices. The correct answer must be the one that starts with a vowel:

...Mary Wollstonecraft|'''Wollstonecraft''']], '''Wolsey''', etc., same first vowel sound '''wrêath''' ''noun'' unvoiced '''th''' as in '''bréath''', different vowel sound

...the greatest ''haiku'' poet, contains three morae, since the long terminal vowel counts as two morae.

...forms part of the ''rhyme'' of the syllable (the component containing the vowel or syllabic consonant) it will be velarised; if it is part of the ''onset''

...ere is a back vowel in the following syllable, and /e/ if there is a front vowel. For example, 'white' (sing. - plur.) sounds in the following way in these ...l) e (mid-high front vowel) o (mid-high back rounded vowel) a (low central vowel) -->

...me foreign learners, there has been a very strong tendency to lengthen the vowel sound in the endings -'''ies''' and -'''ied''': '''cárriês''' instead of ...lling, '''Teheràn''') there has developed a tendency to lengthen the first vowel to the sound in '''èh?''', making the syllable sound like '''Tây'''; cf.

'''ou'''- before a vowel = '''w''' (from French, where '''w''' traditionally = '''v''')

'''o''' represents various (usually) back vowel sounds. It is very versatile, with three irregular sounds, '''move''' (''' '''pêople''' has the same vowel sound as '''œ''', but with the letters reversed, and the '''o''' completel

...kāppiyar. Its classification of the [[alphabet]] into [[consonant]]s and [[vowel]] was a breakthrough. The historical record of the study of language begins

| contribution = Austronesian and Mon-Khmer components in the Proto Chamic vowel system

...scripts are not alphabets in the strict sense, but [[Abugida|abugidas]]: a vowel following a consonant is written, not as a separate letter, but as a diacri ...son says instead that this letter represents nasalization of the preceding vowel)

...rger of the two surrounding vowels, or by the insertion of an [[epenthetic vowel]] between them: cf. Lat. ''salire'', ''tenere'', ''catena'', Sp. ''salir'', ...d]] consonant was ''n'', it often [[nasalization|nasalized]] the preceding vowel: cf. Lat. ''manum'', ''rana'', ''bonum'', Port. ''mão'', ''rãa'' (now ''r

'''i''' represents various vowel sounds.

'''Ibìza''' *Í-bêetha; some say *Eŷe-Bêetha, a combination of anglicised long vowel and, with the -th- for '''zh''', hypercorrect Castilian [[Spanish language|