Phymatochilum: Difference between revisions
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'''''Phymatochilum''''' is an [[orchid]] genus formed by only one species, ''Phymatochilum brasiliense'', inhabitant of [[Serra do Mar]] mountains in [[Brazil]]ian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles ''Oncidium'' species, however, is more closely related to the genus ''Miltonia''. | '''''Phymatochilum''''' is an [[orchid]] genus formed by only one species, ''Phymatochilum brasiliense'', inhabitant of [[Serra do Mar]] mountains in [[Brazil]]ian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles ''Oncidium'' species, however, is more closely related to the genus ''Miltonia''. | ||
==Distribution and habit== | |||
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''Phymatochilum brasiliense'' is a comparatively large epiphytic species which inhabits the highest areas of [[Atlantic Forest]] of [[Rio de Janeiro State|Rio de Janeiro]], [[São Paulo State|São Paulo]] and [[Paraná]] States of Brazil,<ref name="OB"><span style="font-variant:small-caps">Pabst, Guido & Dungs, Fritz </span>: '''Orchidaceae Brasilienses vol. 1''' p. 148. Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow, Hildesheim, 1975. ISBN 3871050106 </ref> particularly in [[Serra da Mantiqueira]] and [[Serra do Mar]] chains of mountains, where it is very rare. It grows under the shadow of [[tree]]s in shady, humid and well ventilated woods, between 1,000 and 2,200 meters of [[altitude]] on mountains slopes. It ordinarily grows at middle height, pending from thick [[stem]]s, mostly of ''[[Podocarpus]]'' and ''[[Araucaria]]'' species,<ref name="CBGO"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Van den Berg, Cássio</span>: ''Loefgrenianthus'' in '''Genera Orchidacearum Vol.4''', pp. 274-275. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 9780198507123.</ref> despite there are records of plants occasionally growing in thin [[branch]]es too.<ref name="DM"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Miller, David; Richard Warren; Izabel Moura Miller & Helmut Seehawer</span>: '''Serra dos Órgãos sua história e suas orquídeas''', p. 241-242. Rio de Janeiro, 2006.</ref> | |||
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==Description== | |||
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|colspan="3"|'''Measures''' (mm) | |||
|- | |||
| '''Structure''' | |||
| '''Lenght''' | |||
| '''Width''' | |||
|- | |||
| Rhizome | |||
| 15 | |||
| 15 | |||
|- | |||
| Leaf | |||
| 500 | |||
| 100 | |||
|- | |||
| Pseudobulb | |||
| 100 | |||
| 70 | |||
|- | |||
| Inflorescence | |||
| 1500 | |||
| 30 | |||
|- | |||
| Flower | |||
| 50 | |||
| 25 | |||
|- | |||
| Sepal | |||
| 35 | |||
| 3 | |||
|- | |||
| Petal | |||
| 25 | |||
| 3 | |||
|- | |||
| Labellum | |||
| 20 | |||
| 12 | |||
|} | |||
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''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'' usually are attached to their hosts stems by a knot of thin pinkish few branched elongated strong [[root]]s that grow mostly at the base of their stems. Adventitious roots are uncommon and possibly grow just occasionally when the stems become very long. The stems are thin, flexible and pending, formed by a simple but occasionally bifurcating elongated rhyzome, and tiny pseudobulbs. The rhizome is completely covered by thin dried imbricating steaths and, after three internodes, usually gives birth to a pseudobulb always hidden by a dried narrow steath. The pseudobulbs are spaced at one centimeter intervals and have only one apical flat, but folded at the base, elliptical lanceolated and comparetively large leaf. The leaves last for some years and normally there are about seven pseudobulbs with leaves at the end of the stem. The older leaves at the base of the stem fall so the older segments of the plant usually are formed just by a number of bare stems and the important roots to attach the plant to the stem, occasionally showing a new growth. The [[inflorescence]]s shoot from the apexes of the last one or two pseudobulbs and are apical, short and pending, bearing just one flower which faces the ground.<ref name="W"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Withner, Carl Leslie</span>: '''The Cattleyas and Their Relatives, Vol. 3''', pp.98-100. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 0881922692</ref> | |||
The flowers are comparatively large in relation to the plant size, with segments that do not completely open. The [[petal]]s and [[sepal]]s are white and oblong, the sepals slightly larger than the petals, sometimes with the apexes reflected. The petals are similar to the sepals but slightly narrower at the base. The labellum is strong yellow margined of bright purple; at the base it is fused to the [[Column (botany)|column]] base forming a narrow spur shaped [[nectary]]; it is internally slightly pubescent and has a thick callus that splits in five digitate keels on the disk; the central lobe is partially saccate and has two longer fringes at the apex. The column is white almost cylindrical without any appendages. The [[anther]], contrasting to the flower, is very bright purple, apical, bearing six [[pollinia]], four small and two large, hold by a [[caudicle]] similar to the ones of ''Leptotes''.<ref name="W"/> | |||
''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'' blooms between the middle of the [[springtime]] and early [[summer]] and the flowers last for about a week. Its [[pollinators]] are unknown, however, because of its color, they may be night moths,<ref name="DM"/> or [[bee]]s due to the flowers structure.<ref name="CBGO"/> | |||
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==Taxonomic notes== | |||
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{{Image|Loefgrenianthus blancheamesiae9.jpg|right|300px|'''''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'''''<br><small>The pending habit of this species easily separates it from the closest genus ''Leptotes''.</small>}} | |||
The Danish Botanist [[Johan Albert Constantin Loefgren]] lived many years in Brazil where he was studying the [[flora]] of [[Minas Gerais]] State, painting [[watercolor]]s of plants and was a director of [[Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden]]. In 1896 while looking for new specimens on Serra da Mantiqueira, in Rio de Janeiro, he came across a small plant the did not recognize. At the time the Belgian Botanist [[Célestin Alfred Cogniaux]] was working on the noted [[Flora Brasiliensis]] of [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius]], am encyclopedia that described all plant species of Brazil known at the time. Therefore, trying to establish its identity, Loefgren sent the plant he found to Cogniaux, however, the specimen got lost and was never recovered. | |||
In 1915 the professor [[Oakes Ames]], botanist responsible for the [[herbarium]] of [[Harvard University]], and his wife Blanche were traveling in Brazil and met Loefgren. Together they accidentally found again, on the slopes of Itatiaia mountain, another specimen of the plant which had been lost almost ten years before.<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Oakes Ames</span>: ''The rediscovery of a lost orchid'' in '''Orchids in retrospect''' (1948)</ref> This time Loefgreen decided to describe the species himself and considering it close to ''Leptotes'' placed it under this genus with the name ''Leptotes blanche-amesiae'' in homage to professor Ames wife.<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Loefgren, Johan Albert Constantin</span>: ''Novos subsídios para a flora Orchidaceae do Brasil'' in '''Arquivos do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Vol.2''': p. 58. Rio de Janeiro, 1918.</ref> In 1827, a later work on the genus ''Leptotes'' by [[Frederico Carlos Hoehne]] led him to conclude that this species, despite being closely related to it, would be better placed in another genus, therefore he proposed the genus ''Loefgrenianthus'', in reference to Loefgren who, besides discovering the species twice, had described it.<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Hoehne, Frederico Carlos</span>: ''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'' in '''Boletim do Instituto Brasileiro de Sciencias vol.2: 352. São Paulo, 1927.</ref> | |||
According to [[Cássio van den Berg]], who studied their [[phylogeny]], ''Loefgrenianthus'' is closely related to ''[[Leptotes]]'' and both form a sister clade to another small clade that includes ''[[Pseudolaelia]]'', ''[[Constantia]]'' and ''[[Isabellia]]''. The two clades constitute ''Isabellia'' alliance, which is one of the eight clades of subtribus [[Laeliinae]].<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Van den Berg, Cássio ''et al''</span>: ''A Phylogenetic analysis of Laellinae based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA'' in '''Lindleyana vol.15-2''', pp. 96–114, 2000. [http://www.cassiovandenberg.hpg.ig.com.br/pdfs/vandenbergetal2000.pdf Published on Internet].</ref> | |||
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==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
Revision as of 14:59, 18 March 2009
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Phymatochilum is an orchid genus formed by only one species, Phymatochilum brasiliense, inhabitant of Serra do Mar mountains in Brazilian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles Oncidium species, however, is more closely related to the genus Miltonia.
Distribution and habit
Description
| Measures (mm) | ||
| Structure | Lenght | Width |
| Rhizome | 15 | 15 |
| Leaf | 500 | 100 |
| Pseudobulb | 100 | 70 |
| Inflorescence | 1500 | 30 |
| Flower | 50 | 25 |
| Sepal | 35 | 3 |
| Petal | 25 | 3 |
| Labellum | 20 | 12 |