Phymatochilum: Difference between revisions
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==Distribution and habit== | ==Distribution and habit== | ||
''Phymatochilum brasiliense'' is a comparatively large | ''Phymatochilum brasiliense'' is a comparatively large sympodial epiphyte species which inhabits high areas of the [[Atlantic Forest]] of [[Rio de Janeiro State|Rio de Janeiro]], [[São Paulo State|São Paulo]], [[Espírito Santo]] and [[Pernambuco]] States of Brazil,<ref name="OB"><span style="font-variant:small-caps">Pabst, Guido & Dungs, Fritz </span>: '''Orchidaceae Brasilienses vol. 2''' p. 195. Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow, Hildesheim, 1978. ISBN 3871050107 </ref> particularly in the warmer areas around [[Serra do Mar]] chain of mountains, where it is somewhat rare. It grows under the shadow of [[tree]]s, however, mostly near the jungles well ventilated clearances where it can get brighter light, between 600 and 1,300 meters of [[altitude]] in dryer areas. It ordinarily grows over the trees where the shade is not intense, on thick branches.<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps">Baker, Charles O & Baker, Margaret L.</span> (2006), ''Miltonia phymatochila'' in '''Orchid Species Culture''' Oncidium/Odontoglossum Alliance: 345, Timber Press. ISBN 9780881927757 </ref> | ||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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O Phymatochilum brasiliense não guarda praticamente nenhuma semelhança com as outras espécies subordinadas a este gênero. Apresenta pseudobulbos e folhas muito mais robustos. O rizoma é bastante curto e os pseudobulbos agregados, ovóides, curtos, lateralmente comprimidos, mas muito carnosos e fibrosos, arredondados, de cor muito mais escura, com matizes amarronzados, monofoliados, com folha larga, coriácea e bastante grande, no aspecto geral lembrando muito a vegetação da Maxillaria setigera. A inflorescência é paniculada, muito mais alta que as folhas, com mais de uma centena de pequenas flores espaçadas que a primeira vista lembram Oncidium, com sépalas e pétalas eretas e bem explanadas, onduladas, e longamente acuminadas. | |||
slightly compressed, enveloped basally by several imbricating sheaths and carrying a single apical, elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, dark green, speckled red basally leaf and blooms on a pendant, 3 to 6' [90 to 180 cm] long, loosely many flowered, panicle that is pale green with crimson spots and has showy, light, with highly variable lateral sepals. | |||
''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'' usually are attached to their hosts stems by a knot of thin pinkish few branched elongated strong [[root]]s that grow mostly at the base of their stems. Adventitious roots are uncommon and possibly grow just occasionally when the stems become very long. The stems are thin, flexible and pending, formed by a simple but occasionally bifurcating elongated rhyzome, and tiny pseudobulbs. The rhizome is completely covered by thin dried imbricating steaths and, after three internodes, usually gives birth to a pseudobulb always hidden by a dried narrow steath. The pseudobulbs are spaced at one centimeter intervals and have only one apical flat, but folded at the base, elliptical lanceolated and comparetively large leaf. The leaves last for some years and normally there are about seven pseudobulbs with leaves at the end of the stem. The older leaves at the base of the stem fall so the older segments of the plant usually are formed just by a number of bare stems and the important roots to attach the plant to the stem, occasionally showing a new growth. The [[inflorescence]]s shoot from the apexes of the last one or two pseudobulbs and are apical, short and pending, bearing just one flower which faces the ground.<ref name="W"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Withner, Carl Leslie</span>: '''The Cattleyas and Their Relatives, Vol. 3''', pp.98-100. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 0881922692</ref> | ''Loefgrenianthus blanche-amesiae'' usually are attached to their hosts stems by a knot of thin pinkish few branched elongated strong [[root]]s that grow mostly at the base of their stems. Adventitious roots are uncommon and possibly grow just occasionally when the stems become very long. The stems are thin, flexible and pending, formed by a simple but occasionally bifurcating elongated rhyzome, and tiny pseudobulbs. The rhizome is completely covered by thin dried imbricating steaths and, after three internodes, usually gives birth to a pseudobulb always hidden by a dried narrow steath. The pseudobulbs are spaced at one centimeter intervals and have only one apical flat, but folded at the base, elliptical lanceolated and comparetively large leaf. The leaves last for some years and normally there are about seven pseudobulbs with leaves at the end of the stem. The older leaves at the base of the stem fall so the older segments of the plant usually are formed just by a number of bare stems and the important roots to attach the plant to the stem, occasionally showing a new growth. The [[inflorescence]]s shoot from the apexes of the last one or two pseudobulbs and are apical, short and pending, bearing just one flower which faces the ground.<ref name="W"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Withner, Carl Leslie</span>: '''The Cattleyas and Their Relatives, Vol. 3''', pp.98-100. Timber Press, Oregon. ISBN 0881922692</ref> | ||
The [[petal]]s and [[sepal]]s are white and oblong, the sepals slightly larger than the petals, sometimes with the apexes reflected. The petals are similar to the sepals but slightly narrower at the base. The labellum is strong yellow margined of bright purple; at the base it is fused to the [[Column (botany)|column]] base forming a narrow spur shaped [[nectary]]; it is internally slightly pubescent and has a thick callus that splits in five digitate keels on the disk; the central lobe is partially saccate and has two longer fringes at the apex. The column is white almost cylindrical without any appendages. The [[anther]], contrasting to the flower, is very bright purple, apical, bearing six [[pollinia]], four small and two large, hold by a [[caudicle]] similar to the ones of ''Leptotes''.<ref name="W"/> | |||
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''Phymatochilum brasiliense'' blooms between from the end of [[summer]] to middle [[autumn]] and its sweet fragrant flowers last for about two weeks. There is no reference about their [[pollinators]]. | |||
==Taxonomic notes== | ==Taxonomic notes== | ||
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According to [[Cássio van den Berg]], who studied their [[phylogeny]], ''Loefgrenianthus'' is closely related to ''[[Leptotes]]'' and both form a sister clade to another small clade that includes ''[[Pseudolaelia]]'', ''[[Constantia]]'' and ''[[Isabellia]]''. The two clades constitute ''Isabellia'' alliance, which is one of the eight clades of subtribus [[Laeliinae]].<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Van den Berg, Cássio ''et al''</span>: ''A Phylogenetic analysis of Laellinae based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA'' in '''Lindleyana vol.15-2''', pp. 96–114, 2000. [http://www.cassiovandenberg.hpg.ig.com.br/pdfs/vandenbergetal2000.pdf Published on Internet].</ref> | According to [[Cássio van den Berg]], who studied their [[phylogeny]], ''Loefgrenianthus'' is closely related to ''[[Leptotes]]'' and both form a sister clade to another small clade that includes ''[[Pseudolaelia]]'', ''[[Constantia]]'' and ''[[Isabellia]]''. The two clades constitute ''Isabellia'' alliance, which is one of the eight clades of subtribus [[Laeliinae]].<ref><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Van den Berg, Cássio ''et al''</span>: ''A Phylogenetic analysis of Laellinae based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA'' in '''Lindleyana vol.15-2''', pp. 96–114, 2000. [http://www.cassiovandenberg.hpg.ig.com.br/pdfs/vandenbergetal2000.pdf Published on Internet].</ref> | ||
Em 2001, com base em resultados de análises filogenéticas o gênero recebeu o acréscimo de mais uma espécie, previamente classificada como Oncidium phymatochilum , a ser classificada como Miltonia phymatochila. Espécie de morfologia por demais divergente das outras Miltonia , esta proposta não encontrou eco entre muitos taxonomistas. Em 2005 Eric Christenson propôs um novo gênero uniespecífico para ela, que seria então denominada Phymatochilum brasiliense. | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 16:41, 18 March 2009
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Phymatochilum is an orchid genus formed by only one species, Phymatochilum brasiliense, inhabitant of Serra do Mar mountains in Brazilian southeast and northeast, which vegetatively resembles Oncidium species, however, is more closely related to the genus Miltonia.
Distribution and habit
Phymatochilum brasiliense is a comparatively large sympodial epiphyte species which inhabits high areas of the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Pernambuco States of Brazil,[1] particularly in the warmer areas around Serra do Mar chain of mountains, where it is somewhat rare. It grows under the shadow of trees, however, mostly near the jungles well ventilated clearances where it can get brighter light, between 600 and 1,300 meters of altitude in dryer areas. It ordinarily grows over the trees where the shade is not intense, on thick branches.[2]
Description
| Measures (mm) | ||
| Structure | Lenght | Width |
| Rhizome | 15 | 15 |
| Leaf | 500 | 100 |
| Pseudobulb | 100 | 70 |
| Inflorescence | 1800 | - |
| Flower | 50 | 25 |
| Sepal | 35 | 3 |
| Petal | 25 | 3 |
| Labellum | 18 | 12 |
Phymatochilum brasiliense blooms between from the end of summer to middle autumn and its sweet fragrant flowers last for about two weeks. There is no reference about their pollinators.
Taxonomic notes
References
- ↑ Pabst, Guido & Dungs, Fritz : Orchidaceae Brasilienses vol. 2 p. 195. Brucke-Verlag Kurt Schmersow, Hildesheim, 1978. ISBN 3871050107
- ↑ Baker, Charles O & Baker, Margaret L. (2006), Miltonia phymatochila in Orchid Species Culture Oncidium/Odontoglossum Alliance: 345, Timber Press. ISBN 9780881927757