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'''Kiev''' (in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] Київ '''''Kyiv'''''; [[Russian language|Russian]] Киев ''Kiev'') is the [[capital (city)|capital city]] of [[Ukraine]], located in the north-central part of the [[country]] along the banks of the [[Dnieper River]] (''Dnipro''). It has a population of about three million.  


'''Kyiv''' (formerly spelled ''Kiev'') is the capital city of [[Ukraine]], is located in the north-central part of the country along the banks of the river Dnipro (Dnieper River), and has a population of about three million.
Kiev [[oblast]] is the province surrounding the [[city ]]of Kiev.


The Kyiv (Kiev) oblast is the province surrounding the city of Kyiv.
==Name==
The city is generally regarded to have been named after Kyi, one of it legendary founders. 'Kiev' is a [[transliteration]] into the [[Roman alphabet|Roman script]], specifically into the [[English alphabet]] (in [[German language|German]], it is ''Kiew''), from [[Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]], the [[writing system|script]] used to write both Ukrainian and Russian. The name is different in the two languages, which also employ different conventions to adapt the script to their sound and spelling systems, so 'Kiev' is written as 'Київ' and 'Киев' respectively. As these would be transliterated into ''Kyiv'' and ''Kiev'' in English, the most likely explanation is that 'Kiev' is a straightforward rendering of the Russian form of the name. An alternative and less accepted view is that it may be derived from an old Ukrainian form .<ref>A. Gregorovich (1995) '[http://www.infoukes.com/faq/kyiv-2/ Kiev or Kyiv?]' ''FORUM Ukrainian Review'' 92.</ref> Since the 1990s, the Ukrainian government has mandated the use of 'Kyiv' in English;<ref>''Ukrainian Information Project'': '[http://www.uazone.net/Kiev_Kyiv.html Resolution of the Ukrainian Commission for Legal Terminology: No. 5: Protocol No.1 of October 14, 1995]'.</ref> however, 'Kiev' remains the more popular English usage.<ref>See [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Kiev%2CKyiv&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3 Google Ngram survey of publications since 1800 which mention 'Kiev' or 'Kyiv']. Accessed 6th March 2014.</ref>


==Kyiv History==
==History==
===Early history===
Legend has it that Kiev was founded about 500 by three brothers, Ky, Khoriv, and Shchek, along with their sister Lybid. Around 900, it was seized by the Varangians from the [[Khazar people|Khazars]], who had built a fortress along the Dnieper. Varangians were a [[Baltic]] people linked with the [[Vikings]], led by King [[Oleh]] from [[Scandinavia]], who established the [[Rus' people|Rus']] dynasty.  (The term ''rus''' means red-haired.) For 100 years the region expanded as a riverine trade route, sending [[fur]], [[honey]], and [[slavery|slaves]] south to [[Constantinople]], and receiving luxury goods in return. Around 1000, King [[Volodymyr]] married into Constantinople royalty and forcibly converted the people of Kiev from [[pagan]]ism to [[Orthodox Christianity]]. Subsequently [[Yaroslav the Wise]] (Volodymyr's son) expanded Kiev into a major sociopolitical and economic centre.


Following are some historical milestones of Kyivan history:
===Medieval period===
[[Mongol people|Mongol]] raiders sacked Kiev in 1240, and the city languished and shrank. In 1362, Kiev was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of [[Lithuania]]. Later, the city and surrounding area became a voivodeship of [[Poland]] as part of the [[Union of Lublin]], a monarchical alliance that created the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in 1569.


* Legend has it that Kyiv was founded about 500 CE by three brothers -- Ky, Khoriv, and Shchek -- along with their sister Lybid.
===Nineteenth century===
* Around 900 CE, King Oleh from Scandanavia seized power over the city, starting the Kyivan Rus' dynasty.  (The term rus' means red-haired.)
In about 1800, [[czar]]ist policies encouraged an influx of [[Russia]]n immigration, boosting the population considerably.
* For 100 years the region expanded as a riverine trade route, sending fur, honey, and slaves south to Constantinople, and receiving luxury goods in return.
* Around 1000 CE, King Volodymyr married into Constantinople royalty and forcibly converted the people of Kyiv from paganism to Orthodox Christianity.  Subsequently Yaroslav the Wise (Volodymyr's son) expanded Kyiv into a major sociopolitical and economic center.
* Mongol raiders sacked Kyiv in 1240, and the city languished and shrank.
* About 1800, czarist policies encouraged an influx of Russian immigration, boosting the population considerably.
* In the early 1900s, the Bolshevik Revolution resulted in many Red versus White battles in and around Kyiv, and subsequent Stalinist famines killed many.
* Early in the 1940s, the German invasion of World War II also destroyed many lives, both military and civilian.
* Around 1990, as the Soviet Union crumbled, Ukrainians agitated for independence, ultimately leading to the peaceful democratic Orange Revolution in the first decade of the 21st Century.


==Kyiv Websites==
===Soviet period===
===Government===
In 1917, the [[October Revolution]] resulted in many Red versus White battles in and around Kiev, and subsequent[[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[famine]]s killed many. In 1934, Kiev became the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the [[Soviet Union]].
* [http://kiev.usembassy.gov/main_eng.html US embassy in Kyiv]
* [http://un.org.ua United Nations Kyiv office]
* [http://kmv.gov.ua Kyiv city government] (in Ukrainian)


===Media===
====World War II====
* [http://www.kyivpost.com/ Kyiv Post magazine]
Early in the 1940s, the [[German]] invasion of [[World War II]] also destroyed many lives, both military and civilian. Between 20-28 September 1941, the city centre of Kiev, in particular buildings along the Khreshchatyk and parallel streets, were destroyed in a series of controlled explosions initiated by [[NKVD]] agents left behind in Kiev by the retreating Soviet Army. Hundreds of people were killed and 23,000 left homeless.
* [http://www.uazone.net/gallery/Kyiv.html Pictures of Kyiv]
* [http://biztravel.kiev.ua/kiev_photo_gallery.shtml More pictures of Kyiv]
* [http://dynamo.kiev.ua Kyiv Dynamo soccer team] (in Ukrainian)


===Travel===
===Post-Soviet period===
* [http://uazone.net/Kiev.html UAzone online travel guide]
Around 1990, as the Soviet Union crumbled, Ukrainians agitated for independence, ultimately leading to the peaceful [[Orange Revolution]] in the first decade of the 21st Century. In 1991, Kiev became the capital of the newly-independent Ukraine.
* [http://www.inyourpocket.com/ukraine/city/kyiv.html InYourPocket online travel guide]
* [http://www.bradt-travelguides.com/details.asp?prodid=111 Bradt Kyiv travel guide]
* [http://biztravel.kiev.ua Business travel guide]
* [http://travel.kyiv.org Kyiv.org travel guide]
* [http://www.kiev.info/ Kyiv.info travel guide]
* [http://kievukraine.info/ Kyiv Ukraine info]


[[Category:CZ Live]]
In November 2013, the [[Euromaidan]] protests began in Kiev against the government's intention to seek closer ties with Russia. In February 2014, another revolution ousted the pro-Russian President [[Viktor Yanukovych]] from office, leading to the takeover of key government buildings in Kiev.
[[Category:Geography Workgroup]]
 
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 10:40, 6 March 2014

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Kiev (in Ukrainian Київ Kyiv; Russian Киев Kiev) is the capital city of Ukraine, located in the north-central part of the country along the banks of the Dnieper River (Dnipro). It has a population of about three million.

Kiev oblast is the province surrounding the city of Kiev.

Name

The city is generally regarded to have been named after Kyi, one of it legendary founders. 'Kiev' is a transliteration into the Roman script, specifically into the English alphabet (in German, it is Kiew), from Cyrillic, the script used to write both Ukrainian and Russian. The name is different in the two languages, which also employ different conventions to adapt the script to their sound and spelling systems, so 'Kiev' is written as 'Київ' and 'Киев' respectively. As these would be transliterated into Kyiv and Kiev in English, the most likely explanation is that 'Kiev' is a straightforward rendering of the Russian form of the name. An alternative and less accepted view is that it may be derived from an old Ukrainian form .[1] Since the 1990s, the Ukrainian government has mandated the use of 'Kyiv' in English;[2] however, 'Kiev' remains the more popular English usage.[3]

History

Early history

Legend has it that Kiev was founded about 500 by three brothers, Ky, Khoriv, and Shchek, along with their sister Lybid. Around 900, it was seized by the Varangians from the Khazars, who had built a fortress along the Dnieper. Varangians were a Baltic people linked with the Vikings, led by King Oleh from Scandinavia, who established the Rus' dynasty. (The term rus' means red-haired.) For 100 years the region expanded as a riverine trade route, sending fur, honey, and slaves south to Constantinople, and receiving luxury goods in return. Around 1000, King Volodymyr married into Constantinople royalty and forcibly converted the people of Kiev from paganism to Orthodox Christianity. Subsequently Yaroslav the Wise (Volodymyr's son) expanded Kiev into a major sociopolitical and economic centre.

Medieval period

Mongol raiders sacked Kiev in 1240, and the city languished and shrank. In 1362, Kiev was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later, the city and surrounding area became a voivodeship of Poland as part of the Union of Lublin, a monarchical alliance that created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569.

Nineteenth century

In about 1800, czarist policies encouraged an influx of Russian immigration, boosting the population considerably.

Soviet period

In 1917, the October Revolution resulted in many Red versus White battles in and around Kiev, and subsequentStalinist famines killed many. In 1934, Kiev became the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union.

World War II

Early in the 1940s, the German invasion of World War II also destroyed many lives, both military and civilian. Between 20-28 September 1941, the city centre of Kiev, in particular buildings along the Khreshchatyk and parallel streets, were destroyed in a series of controlled explosions initiated by NKVD agents left behind in Kiev by the retreating Soviet Army. Hundreds of people were killed and 23,000 left homeless.

Post-Soviet period

Around 1990, as the Soviet Union crumbled, Ukrainians agitated for independence, ultimately leading to the peaceful Orange Revolution in the first decade of the 21st Century. In 1991, Kiev became the capital of the newly-independent Ukraine.

In November 2013, the Euromaidan protests began in Kiev against the government's intention to seek closer ties with Russia. In February 2014, another revolution ousted the pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych from office, leading to the takeover of key government buildings in Kiev.

Footnotes