https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&feed=atom&action=historyItaly - Revision history2024-03-29T15:35:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.5https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=923997&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "immigration" to "immigration"2024-03-02T14:16:15Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Immigration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immigration (page does not exist)">immigration</a>" to "immigration"</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>immigration<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>(especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating immigration (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=32132&oldid=previmported>Martin Wyatt: /* History */2013-06-08T21:03:51Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">History</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:03, 8 June 2013</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, including that of the [[Etruscans]] but most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]]. The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, [[Romulus Augustus]], was deposed in 476. The transition from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages has long been regarded as a "Dark Age" in Western Europe, however modern scholarly approaches have shown that there was a degree of continuity.<ref>Ermatinger, James William (2004). ''The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-313-32692-4.</ref><ref>Christie, Neil (2006). ''From Constantine To Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300&ndash;800''. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1, 18. ISBN 978-1859284216.</ref> A series of invasions followed the end of Romulus Augutus' reign. In 489 the Ostrogoths took control of Italy, while between 535 and 553 [[Justinian]], emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], attempted to bring Italy under his direct control. Though he was successful the campaign against the Ostrogoths left Italy weakened and in 569 the north of the country was conquered by the [[Lombards]].<ref>Bougard, François (2000). "Italy" in André Vauchez, Barrie Dobson, and Michael Lapidge (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A&ndash;J''. Cambridge: James Clark & Co. pp. 745&ndash;746. ISBN 1-57958-282-6.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, including that of the [[Etruscans]] but most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]]. The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, [[Romulus Augustus]], was deposed in 476. The transition from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages has long been regarded as a "Dark Age" in Western Europe, however modern scholarly approaches have shown that there was a degree of continuity.<ref>Ermatinger, James William (2004). ''The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-313-32692-4.</ref><ref>Christie, Neil (2006). ''From Constantine To Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300&ndash;800''. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1, 18. ISBN 978-1859284216.</ref> A series of invasions followed the end of Romulus Augutus' reign. In 489 the Ostrogoths took control of Italy, while between 535 and 553 [[Justinian]], emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], attempted to bring Italy under his direct control. Though he was successful the campaign against the Ostrogoths left Italy weakened and in 569 the north of the country was conquered by the [[Lombards]].<ref>Bougard, François (2000). "Italy" in André Vauchez, Barrie Dobson, and Michael Lapidge (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A&ndash;J''. Cambridge: James Clark & Co. pp. 745&ndash;746. ISBN 1-57958-282-6.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For several centuries, Italy, though united by a common language, was a collection of individual states. It nonetheless continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), or its artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the Italian [[Renaissance]]). [[Machiavelli]] vainly urged the [[Medici]] of [[Florence]] to take the lead in its unification. The peninsula fell under the influence of [[Austria]], which tried to ensure that it remained divided. In 1849, [[Metternich]] famously stated in a letter that "Italy is a geographical expression.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">" </del> The events of the [[Risorgimento]], leading to the unification of most of the country under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]] in 1860/61 proved him wrong. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For several centuries, Italy, though united by a common language, was a collection of individual states. It nonetheless continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), or its artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the Italian [[Renaissance]]). [[Machiavelli]] vainly urged the [[Medici]] of [[Florence]] to take the lead in its unification. The peninsula fell under the influence of [[Austria]], which tried to ensure that it remained divided. In 1849<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, following the failure of nationalist uprisings</ins>, [[Metternich]] famously stated in a letter that "Italy is a geographical expression<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">"</ins>. The events of the [[Risorgimento]], leading to the unification of most of the country under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]] in 1860/61 proved him wrong. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Martin Wyatthttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280077&oldid=previmported>Martin Wyatt: rearrangement and expansion2013-06-08T20:33:40Z<p>rearrangement and expansion</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, including that of the [[Etruscans]] but most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, [[Romulus Augustus]], was deposed in 476. The transition from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages has long been regarded as a "Dark Age" in Western Europe, however modern scholarly approaches have shown that there was a degree of continuity.<ref>Ermatinger, James William (2004). ''The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-313-32692-4.</ref><ref>Christie, Neil (2006). ''From Constantine To Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300&ndash;800''. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1, 18. ISBN 978-1859284216.</ref> A series of invasions followed the end of Romulus Augutus' reign. In 489 the Ostrogoths took control of Italy, while between 535 and 553 [[Justinian]], emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], attempted to bring Italy under his direct control. Though he was successful the campaign against the Ostrogoths left Italy weakened and in 569 the north of the country was conquered by the [[Lombards]].<ref>Bougard, François (2000). "Italy" in André Vauchez, Barrie Dobson, and Michael Lapidge (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A&ndash;J''. Cambridge: James Clark & Co. pp. 745&ndash;746. ISBN 1-57958-282-6.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, including that of the [[Etruscans]] but most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]]. </ins>The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, [[Romulus Augustus]], was deposed in 476. The transition from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages has long been regarded as a "Dark Age" in Western Europe, however modern scholarly approaches have shown that there was a degree of continuity.<ref>Ermatinger, James William (2004). ''The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-313-32692-4.</ref><ref>Christie, Neil (2006). ''From Constantine To Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300&ndash;800''. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1, 18. ISBN 978-1859284216.</ref> A series of invasions followed the end of Romulus Augutus' reign. In 489 the Ostrogoths took control of Italy, while between 535 and 553 [[Justinian]], emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], attempted to bring Italy under his direct control. Though he was successful the campaign against the Ostrogoths left Italy weakened and in 569 the north of the country was conquered by the [[Lombards]].<ref>Bougard, François (2000). "Italy" in André Vauchez, Barrie Dobson, and Michael Lapidge (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A&ndash;J''. Cambridge: James Clark & Co. pp. 745&ndash;746. ISBN 1-57958-282-6.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For several centuries, Italy, though united by a common language, was a collection of individual states. It nonetheless continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), or its artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the Italian [[Renaissance]]). [[Machiavelli]] vainly urged the [[Medici]] of [[Florence]] to take the lead in its unification. The peninsula fell under the influence of [[Austria]], which tried to ensure that it remained divided. In 1849, [[Metternich]] famously stated in a letter that "Italy is a geographical expression." The events of the [[Risorgimento]], leading to the unification of most of the country under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]] in 1860/61 proved him wrong. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{reflist}}</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Martin Wyatthttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280073&oldid=previmported>Martin Wyatt at 19:56, 8 June 20132013-06-08T19:56:41Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including that of the [[Etruscans]] but </ins>most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Enrico Letta]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Martin Wyatthttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280080&oldid=previmported>Martin Wyatt: update2013-06-08T19:54:02Z<p>update</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mario Monti</del>]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Enrico Letta</ins>]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Martin Wyatthttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280072&oldid=previmported>Richard Nevell: Hasn't been Berlusconi for a year2012-12-09T22:02:24Z<p>Hasn't been Berlusconi for a year</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]ary [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Silvio Berlusconi</del>]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Mario Monti</ins>]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==History==</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Richard Nevellhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280067&oldid=previmported>Richard Nevell: Add a paragraph on the end of the Roman Empire2012-12-09T21:19:53Z<p>Add a paragraph on the end of the Roman Empire</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a multi-ethnic society.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==History==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, [[Romulus Augustus]], was deposed in 476. The transition from the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages has long been regarded as a "Dark Age" in Western Europe, however modern scholarly approaches have shown that there was a degree of continuity.<ref>Ermatinger, James William (2004). ''The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. xxii. ISBN 0-313-32692-4.</ref><ref>Christie, Neil (2006). ''From Constantine To Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy, AD 300&ndash;800''. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 1, 18. ISBN 978-1859284216.</ref> A series of invasions followed the end of Romulus Augutus' reign. In 489 the Ostrogoths took control of Italy, while between 535 and 553 [[Justinian]], emperor of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]], attempted to bring Italy under his direct control. Though he was successful the campaign against the Ostrogoths left Italy weakened and in 569 the north of the country was conquered by the [[Lombards]].<ref>Bougard, François (2000). "Italy" in André Vauchez, Barrie Dobson, and Michael Lapidge (eds.) ''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A&ndash;J''. Cambridge: James Clark & Co. pp. 745&ndash;746. ISBN 1-57958-282-6.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==References==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{reflist}}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Richard Nevellhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280079&oldid=previmported>Richard Nevell at 20:21, 9 December 20122012-12-09T20:21:38Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:21, 9 December 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>19th century<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|parliamentary</del>]] [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the 19th century under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ary </ins>[[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|</del>7th<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">multiethnic </del>society.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Today Italy is a [[developed country]] (7th by [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 17th by [[Human Development Index]] in the world), integral part of the European Union (having hosted the signing of the [[Treaty of Rome]] in 1957), and also a member of the [[G8]], [[NATO]], [[Council of Europe]], and [[United Nations]]. The current [[President of the Italian Republic]] is [[Giorgio Napolitano]], and the current [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy|President of the Council of Ministers]] is [[Silvio Berlusconi]]. Italy has a little less than 60 million inhabitants who mainly speak the [[Italian language]] (although considerable linguistic minorities exist), and struggles to accommodate constantly escalating [[immigration]] (especially from [[Africa]] and [[Eastern Europe]]) in the transition towards a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">multi-ethnic </ins>society.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some accounts by [[Thucydides]] and [[Virgil]] suggest that Italy derived its name from an early leader named [[Italus]], but [[history|historical]] evidence is not firm.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Richard Nevellhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280069&oldid=previmported>Richard Nevell at 17:28, 28 September 20122012-09-28T17:28:31Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Italy''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Italia''), officially known as the '''Italian Republic''' (Italian: ''Repubblica Italiana''), is a [[state]] of [[Southern Europe]] and founding member of the [[European Union]]. Its capital city is [[Rome]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Italy''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Italia''), officially known as the '''Italian Republic''' (Italian: ''Repubblica Italiana''), is a [[state]] of [[Southern Europe]] and founding member of the [[European Union]]. Its capital city is [[Rome]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sea</del>|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Sea</ins>|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the [[19th century]] under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament|parliamentary]] [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy was the cradle of various ancient cultures, most notably that of [[Ancient Rome]], which made it the centre of [[Western civilisation]] during the [[Roman Empire]], and continued to play important roles at various times in Western history, be it on the grounds of financial influence (the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Marine Republics]] and early [[bank]]s), religious importance (as the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]), as well as artistic and cultural prominence (most notably during the [[Italian Renaissance]]). However, Italy 's importance in world affairs waned since the late [[Renaissance]] and the country remained fractured among various small states, until it was finally [[Unification of Italy|unified]] in the second half of the [[19th century]] under the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]]. After winning [[World War I]] and becoming a [[dictatorship]] under [[Italian fascism]] in 1922, Italy suffered heavily from [[World War II]]. In the post-war period, Italy discarded monarchy in favour of the current [[democracy|democratic]] [[parliament|parliamentary]] [[republic]] and underwent an "[[Italian economic boom|economic boom]]" which ferried the country from [[agriculture|agricultural]] to an industrial and service economy.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Richard Nevellhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Italy&diff=280076&oldid=previmported>Alexander Liptak at 03:00, 8 August 20122012-08-08T03:00:00Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:00, 7 August 2012</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|Italian Map.png|right|250px|Map of Italy.}} </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Image|Italian Map.png|right|250px|Map of Italy.}} </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Italy''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Italia''), officially known as the ''Italian Republic'' (Italian: ''Repubblica Italiana''), is a [[state]] of [[Southern Europe]] and founding member of the [[European Union]]. Its capital city is [[Rome]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Italy''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Italia''), officially known as the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>''Italian Republic<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</ins>'' (Italian: ''Repubblica Italiana''), is a [[state]] of [[Southern Europe]] and founding member of the [[European Union]]. Its capital city is [[Rome]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Italy consists of twenty [[Regions of Italy|regions]], which encompass almost all of the [[Italian peninsula]] and most of the [[Mediterranean sea|Mediterranean]] islands surrounding it, including the two largest ones, [[Sicily]] and [[Sardinia]]. Italy's northern border is largely defined by the [[Alps]], which separate it from neighbouring [[France]], [[Switzerland]] (whose territory includes the Italian [[exclave]] of [[Campione d'Italia]]), [[Austria]], and [[Slovenia]] (proceeding west to east). The Italian peninsula also includes two sovereign states as [[land-locked]] [[enclave]]s within Italian territory: [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican City]].</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Alexander Liptak