Hydrocortisone: Difference between revisions
imported>David E. Volk (New page: {{subpages}} right|thumb|200px|{{#ifexist:Template:Hydrocortisone structure.jpg/credit|{{Hydrocortisone structure.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Hydrocortisone....) |
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[[Image:Hydrocortisone structure.jpg|right|thumb| | [[Image:Hydrocortisone structure.jpg|right|thumb|250px|{{#ifexist:Template:Hydrocortisone structure.jpg/credit|{{Hydrocortisone structure.jpg/credit}}<br/>|}}Hydrocortisone.]] | ||
'''Hydrocortisone''' , a [[steroid]] hormone, is the most important human [[glucocorticoid]] and it is produced by the adrenal cortex. Synthetic versions are used in the treatment of [[inflammation]], [[allergy]], [[collagen]] diseases, [[asthma]], adrenocortical deficiency, [[endocrine]] (hormonal) disorders such as [[Addisons disease]], shock, and some [[neoplastic]] conditions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Hydrocortisone binds to the [[cortisol receptor]], as do all glucocorticoids, to trigger metabolic, immunologic, cardiovascular and hoemostatic effects. It binds different receptors than do the sex steroids ([[androgen]]s and [[estrogen]]s) and the [[mineralocorticoid]]s. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes expression for many cytokines, including interleukins IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and [[tumor necrosis factor alpha]] (TNF-alpha), and by suppressing humoral immunity which caused lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors to be expressed by B cells. This results in fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated. It is sold as over 100 different brand names. | '''Hydrocortisone''' , a [[steroid]] hormone, is the most important human [[glucocorticoid]] and it is produced by the adrenal cortex. Synthetic versions are used in the treatment of [[inflammation]], [[allergy]], [[collagen]] diseases, [[asthma]], adrenocortical deficiency, [[endocrine]] (hormonal) disorders such as [[Addisons disease]], shock, and some [[neoplastic]] conditions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Hydrocortisone binds to the [[cortisol receptor]], as do all glucocorticoids, to trigger metabolic, immunologic, cardiovascular and hoemostatic effects. It binds different receptors than do the sex steroids ([[androgen]]s and [[estrogen]]s) and the [[mineralocorticoid]]s. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes expression for many cytokines, including interleukins IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and [[tumor necrosis factor alpha]] (TNF-alpha), and by suppressing humoral immunity which caused lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors to be expressed by B cells. This results in fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated. It is sold as over 100 different brand names. | ||
Revision as of 14:36, 25 January 2008
Hydrocortisone , a steroid hormone, is the most important human glucocorticoid and it is produced by the adrenal cortex. Synthetic versions are used in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, endocrine (hormonal) disorders such as Addisons disease, shock, and some neoplastic conditions. Topical hydrocortisone is used for its anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive properties to treat inflammation due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Hydrocortisone binds to the cortisol receptor, as do all glucocorticoids, to trigger metabolic, immunologic, cardiovascular and hoemostatic effects. It binds different receptors than do the sex steroids (androgens and estrogens) and the mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes expression for many cytokines, including interleukins IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and by suppressing humoral immunity which caused lower amounts of IL-2 and IL-2 receptors to be expressed by B cells. This results in fewer T lymphocyte cells being activated. It is sold as over 100 different brand names.
Mechanism
Hydrocortisone binds to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor. The receptor-ligand complex translocates into the cell nucleus and thne binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of the target genes. The DNA bound receptor then interacts with basic transcription factors, causing increased production of the target genes. Corticosteroids are thought to control inflammation by controlling the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leuktrienes, the two main products of inflammation, through inhibition of achidonic acid. Specifically, glucocorticoids induce lipocortin-1 (annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to cell membranes preventing the phospholipase A2 from binding its substrate, arachidonic acid, leading to diminished eicosanoid production. The cyclooxygenase (both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect. The glucocorticoids stimulates lipcortin-1 to escape intor the extracellular space where it binds to leukocyte receptors to inhibit opithelial adhersion, emigration, enzymes, phagocytosis, respiratory burst and the release of inflammatory mediators such as as cytokines, chemokines and lysosomal enzymes, from neutrophils, macrophages and mastocytes.
External Links
- {{DailyMed}
- Drug Bank at http://www.drugbank.ca/cgi-bin/getCard.cgi?CARD=DB00741.txt