Houses of the Holy: Difference between revisions

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'''''Houses of the Holy''''' is the fifth album by [[England|English]] [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Led Zeppelin]], released by [[Atlantic Records]] on 28 March 1973. The album title is a dedication by the band to their fans who appeared at venues they dubbed "Houses of the Holy." It was the first Led Zeppelin album to not be, at least unofficially, titled after the band. The album represents a musical turning point for Led Zeppelin, as they began to use more layering and production techniques in recording their songs.
'''''Houses of the Holy''''' is the fifth album by [[England|English]] [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Led Zeppelin]], released by [[Atlantic Records]] on 28 March 1973. The album title is a dedication by the band to their fans who appeared at venues they dubbed 'Houses of the Holy.' It was the first Led Zeppelin album to not be, at least unofficially, titled after the band. The album represents a musical turning point for Led Zeppelin, as they began to use more layering and production techniques in recording their songs.


Although ''Houses of the Holy'' initially received mixed reviews, it has since become regarded by critics as one of Led Zeppelin's finest albums. The album provided notable additions to the band's catalogue, including "[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]", "[[Dancing Days]]", "[[The Song Remains the Same (song)|The Song Remains the Same]]", "[[D'yer Mak'er]]", "[[No Quarter (song)|No Quarter]]" and "[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]", and it has sold over 11 million copies in the [[United States]].
Although ''Houses of the Holy'' initially received mixed reviews, it has since become regarded by critics as one of Led Zeppelin's finest albums. The album provided notable additions to the band's catalogue, including '[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]', '[[Dancing Days]]', '[[The Song Remains the Same (song)|The Song Remains the Same]]', '[[D'yer Mak'er]]', '[[No Quarter (song)|No Quarter]]' and '[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]', and it has sold over 11 million copies in the [[United States]].


== Recording sessions ==
== Recording sessions ==
Much of this album was recorded in Spring 1972 at [[Stargroves]], the country estate in [[Berkshire]], using the [[Rolling Stones Mobile Studio]]. Some songs from the album had initially been tried out earlier than this, such as "No Quarter", which was first attempted during a session at [[Headley Grange]].<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>
Much of this album was recorded in Spring 1972 at [[Stargroves]], the country estate in [[Berkshire]], using the [[Rolling Stones Mobile Studio]]. Some songs from the album had initially been tried out earlier than this, such as 'No Quarter', which was first attempted during a session at [[Headley Grange]].<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>


Several of the songs were also demo'd at the personal [[recording studio|studios]] of guitarist [[Jimmy Page]] and bass player/keyboardist [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]]. These two musicians had recently installed the studios in their respective homes, which enabled them to complete the arrangements which had been laid down earlier.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> In particular, Page was able to present complete arrangements of "[[The Rain Song]]" and "[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]", while Jones had developed "No Quarter".<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>
Several of the songs were also demo'd at the personal [[recording studio|studios]] of guitarist [[Jimmy Page]] and bass player/keyboardist [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]]. These two musicians had recently installed the studios in their respective homes, which enabled them to complete the arrangements which had been laid down earlier.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> In particular, Page was able to present complete arrangements of '[[The Rain Song]]' and '[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]', while Jones had developed 'No Quarter'.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>


Another bout of recording took place at [[Olympic Studios]] in May 1972, and during the band's [[Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1972|1972 North American tour]] additional recording sessions were conducted at [[Electric Lady Studios]] in [[New York]].<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> Some of these songs which were recorded from various sessions did not eventually make it onto ''Houses of the Holy'', namely "[[Black Country Woman]]", "[[Walter's Walk]]", "[[The Rover]]" and also the title-track, "[[Houses of the Holy (song)|Houses of the Holy]]". All of these songs were retained and later released on subsequent Led Zeppelin albums.
Another bout of recording took place at [[Olympic Studios]] in May 1972, and during the band's [[Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1972|1972 North American tour]] additional recording sessions were conducted at [[Electric Lady Studios]] in [[New York]].<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> Some of these songs which were recorded from various sessions did not eventually make it onto ''Houses of the Holy'', namely '[[Black Country Woman]]', '[[Walter's Walk]]', '[[The Rover]]' and also the title-track, '[[Houses of the Holy (song)|Houses of the Holy]]'. All of these songs were retained and later released on subsequent Led Zeppelin albums.


== Composition ==
== Composition ==
This album was a stylistic turning point in the lifespan of Led Zeppelin. [[Guitar riff]]s became more layered within Jimmy Page's production techniques and departed from the [[blues]] influences of earlier records. In the album's opening opus, "[[The Song Remains the Same (song)|The Song Remains the Same]]", and its intricate companion suite, "[[The Rain Song]]", [[Robert Plant]]'s lyrics matured toward a less overt form of the [[mysticism]] and fantasy of previous efforts. ''Houses of the Holy'' also featured styles not heard on the first four Led Zeppelin albums. For example, "[[D'yer Mak'er]]" is a [[reggae]]-based tune; "No Quarter" features atmospheric keyboard sounds and an acoustic piano solo from John Paul Jones; "[[The Crunge]]" is a [[funk]] tribute; and "The Rain Song" is embellished by Jones on his newly-acquired [[mellotron]]. The album's closing song "[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]" is dedicated to "the ocean" of fans who at this point of the band's career massed to [[Led Zeppelin concert tour chronology|Led Zeppelin concerts]].
This album was a stylistic turning point in the lifespan of Led Zeppelin. [[Guitar riff]]s became more layered within Jimmy Page's production techniques and departed from the [[blues]] influences of earlier records. In the album's opening opus, 'The Song Remains the Same', and its intricate companion suite, 'The Rain Song', [[Robert Plant]]'s lyrics matured toward a less overt form of the [[mysticism]] and fantasy of previous efforts. ''Houses of the Holy'' also featured styles not heard on the first four Led Zeppelin albums. For example, 'D'yer Mak'er' is a [[reggae]]-based tune; 'No Quarter' features atmospheric keyboard sounds and an acoustic piano solo from John Paul Jones; '[[The Crunge]]' is a [[funk]] tribute; and 'The Rain Song' is embellished by Jones on his newly-acquired [[mellotron]]. The album's closing song '[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]' is dedicated to 'the ocean' of fans who at this point of the band's career massed to [[Led Zeppelin concert tour chronology|Led Zeppelin concerts]].


In the assessment of Led Zeppelin expert Dave Lewis:
In the assessment of Led Zeppelin expert Dave Lewis: {{Quote|In retrospect, ''Houses of the Holy'' holds its ground with the middle period releases quite admirably. The barnstorming effect of the early era was now levelling off and though devoid of the electricity of ''Led Zeppelin I'' and ''II'', or the sheer diversity of the third album, and lacking the classic status of the fourth, 'Houses' took stock of their situation. In doing so, it laid several foundations on which they would expand their future collective musical aspirations.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>}}
 
<blockquote>In retrospect, 'Houses of the Holy' holds its ground with the middle period releases quite admirably. The barnstorming effect of the early era was now levelling off and though devoid of the electricity of 'Led Zeppelin I' and 'II', or the sheer diversity of the third album, and lacking the classic status of the fourth, 'Houses' took stock of their situation. In doing so, it laid several foundations on which they would expand their future collective musical aspirations.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref></blockquote>


== Album sleeve design ==
== Album sleeve design ==
The cover art for ''Houses of the Holy'' was inspired by the ending of [[Arthur C. Clarke]]'s novel ''[[Childhood's End]].''<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> It is a [[collage]] of several photographs which were taken at the [[Giant's Causeway]], [[Northern Ireland]], by [[Aubrey Powell]] of [[Hipgnosis]]. This location was chosen ahead of an alternative one in [[Peru]] which was being considered.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>
The cover art for ''Houses of the Holy'' was inspired by the ending of [[Arthur C. Clarke]]'s novel ''[[Childhood's End]].''<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> It is a [[collage]] of several photographs which were taken at the [[Giant's Causeway]], [[Northern Ireland]], by [[Aubrey Powell]] of [[Hipgnosis]]. This location was chosen ahead of an alternative one in [[Peru]] which was being considered.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>


The two children who modelled for the cover were siblings [[Stefan Gates|Stefan]] and Samanatha Gates.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=500606&in_page_id=1773 Solved: Mystery of the iconic Led Zeppelin album cover and its golden-haired children]</ref> The photoshoot was a frustrating affair over the course of ten days. Shooting was done first thing in the morning and at sunset in order to capture the light at dawn and dusk, but the desired effect was never achieved due to constant rain and clouds. The photos of the two children were taken in black and white and were multi-printed to create the effect of 11 individuals that can be seen on the album cover. The results of the shoot were less than satisfactory, but some accidental tinting effects in post-production created an unexpectedly striking album cover.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> The inner sleeve photograph was taken at [[Dunluce Castle]] near to the Causeway.
The two children who modelled for the cover were siblings [[Stefan Gates|Stefan]] and Samanatha Gates.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=500606&in_page_id=1773 Solved: Mystery of the iconic Led Zeppelin album cover and its golden-haired children]</ref> The photoshoot was a frustrating affair over the course of ten days. Shooting was done first thing in the morning and at sunset in order to capture the light at dawn and dusk, but the desired effect was never achieved due to constant rain and clouds. The photos of the two children were taken in black and white and were multi-printed to create the effect of 11 individuals that can be seen on the album cover. The results of the shoot were less than satisfactory, but some accidental tinting effects in post-production created an unexpectedly striking album cover.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> The inner sleeve photograph was taken at [[Dunluce Castle]] near to the Causeway.


Like Led Zeppelin's [[Led Zeppelin IV|fourth album]], neither the band's name nor the album title was printed on the sleeve. However, manager [[Peter Grant (music manager)|Peter Grant]] did allow Atlantic Records to add a wrap-around band to UK copies of the sleeve that had to be broken or slid off to access the record.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> The first CD release of the album in the 1980s did have the title logos printed on the cover itself.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>
Like Led Zeppelin's [[Led Zeppelin IV|fourth album]], neither the band's name nor the album title was printed on the sleeve. However, manager [[Peter Grant]] did allow Atlantic Records to add a wrap-around band to UK copies of the sleeve that had to be broken or slid off to access the record.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> The first CD release of the album in the 1980s did have the title logos printed on the cover itself.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>


In 1974 the album was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] in the category of [[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package|best album package]]. The cover was rated #6 on [[VH1]]'s 50 Greatest Album Covers in 2003.
In 1974 the album was nominated for a [[Grammy Award]] in the category of [[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package|best album package]]. The cover was rated number 6 on [[VH1]]'s 50 Greatest Album Covers in 2003.


== Release and critical reaction ==
== Release and critical reaction ==
This was Led Zeppelin's final studio release on Atlantic Records before forming their own label, [[Swan Song Records]], in 1974. It was also the only Led Zeppelin album that contained complete printed lyrics to each song.
This was Led Zeppelin's final studio release on Atlantic Records before forming their own label, [[Swan Song Records]], in 1974. It was also the only Led Zeppelin album that contained complete printed lyrics to each song.


Although intended for release in January 1973, delays in producing the album cover meant that it was not released until March, when the band was on its [[Led Zeppelin European Tour 1973|1973 European tour]]. The album was promoted heavily before the commencement of Led Zeppelin's subsequent [[Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1973|North American Tour]], ensuring that it had ascended the top of the American chart by the beginning of the tour.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> Because much of the album had been recorded almost a year previously, many of the songs which are featured on the album had already been played live by Led Zeppelin on their [[concert tour]]s of North America, Japan, Europe and the United Kingdom in 1972-1973.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>
Although intended for release in January 1973, delays in producing the album cover meant that it was not released until March, when the band was on its [[Led Zeppelin European Tour 1973|1973 European tour]]. The album was promoted heavily before the commencement of Led Zeppelin's subsequent [[Led Zeppelin North American Tour 1973|North American Tour]], ensuring that it had ascended the top of the American chart by the beginning of the tour.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> Because much of the album had been recorded almost a year previously, many of the songs which are featured on the album had already been played live by Led Zeppelin on their [[concert tour]]s of North America, Japan, Europe and the United Kingdom in 1972-1973.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref>


Upon its release, the album received some mixed reviews, with some criticism from the music press being directed at the off-beat nature of tracks such as "The Crunge" and "D'yer Mak'er".<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> However, the album was very commercially successful, entering the UK chart at number one, while in America its 39-week run on the ''[[Billboard]]'' Top 40 was their longest since their third album.<ref>Dave Lewis (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> In 2003, the album was ranked number 149 on ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's list of [[The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|the 500 greatest albums of all time]].
Upon its release, the album received some mixed reviews, with some criticism from the music press being directed at the off-beat nature of tracks such as 'The Crunge' and 'D'yer Mak'er'.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> However, the album was very commercially successful, entering the UK chart at number one, while in America its 39-week run on the ''[[Billboard]]'' Top 40 was their longest since their third album.<ref>Lewis, Dave (1994), ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin'', Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9</ref> In 2003, the album was ranked number 149 on ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine's list of [[The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|the 500 greatest albums of all time]].


=== Accolades ===
=== Accolades ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class='wikitable sortable'
|-
|-
! Publication
! Publication
Line 58: Line 56:
! Accolade
! Accolade
! Year
! Year
!align="center"|Rank
!align='center'|Rank
|-
|-
| [[Dave Marsh]]
| [[Dave Marsh]]
| United States
| United States
| "The Top 40 Albums (1973)"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/dmarshal.html#70| title=The Top 40 Albums 1973|accessdate=2009-02-10| publisher=rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| The Top 40 Albums (1973)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/dmarshal.html#70| title=The Top 40 Albums 1973|accessdate=2009-02-10| publisher=rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| 1973
| 1973
| 13
| 13
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| [[Grammy Award]]
| [[Grammy Award]]
| United States
| United States
| "[[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package]]"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Music/1973/Grammys.asp | title=Grammy Award for Best Album Package (Hipgnosis) - 2 March 1974| accessdate=2009-02-10 | publisher=Grammy}}</ref>
| [[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Music/1973/Grammys.asp | title=Grammy Award for Best Album Package (Hipgnosis) - 2 March 1974| accessdate=2009-02-10 | publisher=Grammy}}</ref>
| 1974
| 1974
| Nominee
| Nominee
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| ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]''
| ''[[Classic Rock (magazine)|Classic Rock]]''
| United Kingdom
| United Kingdom
| "100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/steveparker/classicrock2.htm | title=Classic Rock - 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever - April 2006| accessdate=2009-02-10 | publisher=''Classic Rock''}}</ref>
| 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/steveparker/classicrock2.htm | title=Classic Rock - 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever - April 2006| accessdate=2009-02-10 | publisher=''Classic Rock''}}</ref>
| 2006
| 2006
| 90
| 90
Line 80: Line 78:
| [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]
| [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]]
| United States
| United States
| "The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200|title= The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=''Rock and Roll Hall of Fame'' (United States)}}</ref>
| The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rockhall.com/pressroom/definitive-200|title= The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time|accessdate=2009-02-10|publisher=''Rock and Roll Hall of Fame'' (United States)}}</ref>
| 2007
| 2007
| 51
| 51
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<small>(*) designates unordered lists.</small>
<small>(*) designates unordered lists.</small>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class='wikitable'
|colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue"|<center>'''Album information'''</center>
|colspan='2' style='background:lightsteelblue'|<center>'''Album information'''</center>
|-
|-
|
|
Track listing:
Track listing:
*Side 1:
*Side 1:
# "[[The Song Remains the Same (song)|The Song Remains the Same]]" ([[Jimmy Page]], [[Robert Plant]]) – 5:24
#'[[The Song Remains the Same (song)|The Song Remains the Same]]' ([[Jimmy Page]], [[Robert Plant]]) – 5:24
# "[[The Rain Song]]" (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 7:32
#'[[The Rain Song]]' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 7:32
# "[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]" (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:42
#'[[Over the Hills and Far Away]]' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:42
# "[[The Crunge]]" ([[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:10
#'[[The Crunge]]' ([[John Bonham]], [[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]], Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:10
*Side 2:
*Side 2:
# "[[Dancing Days]]" (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:40
#'[[Dancing Days]]' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:40
# "[[D'yer Mak'er]]" (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:19
#'[[D'yer Mak'er]]' (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:19
# "[[No Quarter (song)|No Quarter]]" (John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 6:57
#'[[No Quarter (song)|No Quarter]]' (John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 6:57
# "[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]" (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page) – 4:28
#'[[The Ocean (song)|The Ocean]]' (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page) – 4:28
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 108: Line 106:
== Chart positions ==
== Chart positions ==
=== Album ===
=== Album ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class='wikitable sortable'
!Chart (1973)
!Chart (1973)
!align="center"|Peak Position
!align='center'|Peak Position
|-
|-
| Japanese Albums Chart<ref name="Japanese albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.oricon.co.jp/ | title = Top 100 Albums - 10 April 1973 | publisher = Oricon | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Japanese Albums Chart<ref name='Japanese albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.oricon.co.jp/ | title = Top 100 Albums - 10 April 1973 | publisher = Oricon | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|align='center'|3
|-
|-
| UK Albums Chart<ref name="UK albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=3225 | title = Top 100 Albums - 14 April 1973 | publisher = chartstats.com | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| UK Albums Chart<ref name='UK albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.chartstats.com/albuminfo.php?id=3225 | title = Top 100 Albums - 14 April 1973 | publisher = chartstats.com | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| Norwegian Albums Chart<ref name="Norwegian albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Houses+Of+The+Holy&cat=a | title = Top 20 Albums - 29 April 1973 | publisher = norwegiancharts.com | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Norwegian Albums Chart<ref name='Norwegian albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Houses+Of+The+Holy&cat=a | title = Top 20 Albums - 29 April 1973 | publisher = norwegiancharts.com | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|4
|align='center'|4
|-
|-
| US ''Billboard'' The 200 Albums Chart<ref name="US billboard 200 chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3069088&cdi=8739973&cid=05%2F12%2F1973 | title = The Billboard 200 - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| US ''Billboard'' The 200 Albums Chart<ref name='US billboard 200 chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=305&cfgn=Albums&cfn=The+Billboard+200&ci=3069088&cdi=8739973&cid=05%2F12%2F1973 | title = The Billboard 200 - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| US ''Cash Box'' Top 100 Albums Chart<ref name="US cash box chart">{{cite web | url = http://msdb.hp.infoseek.co.jp/cb&bb/album%20no1/1973.htm | title = Top 100 Albums - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Cash Box'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| US ''Cash Box'' Top 100 Albums Chart<ref name='US cash box chart'>{{cite web | url = http://msdb.hp.infoseek.co.jp/cb&bb/album%20no1/1973.htm | title = Top 100 Albums - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Cash Box'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| US ''Record World'' Top Pop Albums Chart<ref name="US record world chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.geocities.com/muggy59/RWPOPLPS1970THRU1974.html | title = Top Pop Albums - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Record World'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| US ''Record World'' Top Pop Albums Chart<ref name='US record world chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.geocities.com/muggy59/RWPOPLPS1970THRU1974.html | title = Top Pop Albums - 12 May 1973 | publisher = ''Record World'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| Austrian Albums Chart<ref name="Austrian albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Houses+Of+The+Holy&cat=a | title = Top 75 Albums - 15 May 1973 | publisher = austriancharts.at | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Austrian Albums Chart<ref name='Austrian albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Led+Zeppelin&titel=Houses+Of+The+Holy&cat=a | title = Top 75 Albums - 15 May 1973 | publisher = austriancharts.at | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|align='center'|3
|-
|-
| Canadian ''RPM'' Top 100 Albums Chart<ref name="Canadian rpm chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.4811&volume=19&issue=14&issue_dt=May%2019%201973&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=hrg50o22lgammqcogv27ve6d95 | title = RPM Albums Chart - 19 May 1973 | publisher = ''RPM'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Canadian ''RPM'' Top 100 Albums Chart<ref name='Canadian rpm chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.4811&volume=19&issue=14&issue_dt=May%2019%201973&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=hrg50o22lgammqcogv27ve6d95 | title = RPM Albums Chart - 19 May 1973 | publisher = ''RPM'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| Spanish Albums Chart<ref name="Spanish albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = Top 100 Albums - 9 June 1973 | publisher = PROMUSICAE | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Spanish Albums Chart<ref name='Spanish albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = Top 100 Albums - 9 June 1973 | publisher = PROMUSICAE | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|9
|align='center'|9
|-
|-
| Australian ''Go-Set'' Top 20 Albums Chart<ref name="Australian album chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.poparchives.com.au/gosetcharts/1973/19730630.html#albums | title = Top 20 Albums - 30 June 1973 | publisher = ''Go Set'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| Australian ''Go-Set'' Top 20 Albums Chart<ref name='Australian album chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.poparchives.com.au/gosetcharts/1973/19730630.html#albums | title = Top 20 Albums - 30 June 1973 | publisher = ''Go Set'' | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| Australian [[Kent Music Report]] Albums Chart
| Australian [[Kent Music Report]] Albums Chart
|align="center"|1
|align='center'|1
|-
|-
| German Albums Chart<ref name="German albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php | title = Top 100 Albums - June 1973 | publisher = charts-surfer.de | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| German Albums Chart<ref name='German albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.charts-surfer.de/musiksearch.php | title = Top 100 Albums - June 1973 | publisher = charts-surfer.de | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|8
|align='center'|8
|-
|-
| French Albums Chart<ref name="French albums chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.infodisc.fr/B-CD_1973.php | title = Top 100 Albums - 1973 | publisher = infodisc.fr | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
| French Albums Chart<ref name='French albums chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.infodisc.fr/B-CD_1973.php | title = Top 100 Albums - 1973 | publisher = infodisc.fr | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|align='center'|3
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Singles ===
=== Singles ===
{|class="wikitable" border="1"
{|class='wikitable' border='1'
|-
|-
! Year
! Year
Line 162: Line 160:
|-
|-
| 1973
| 1973
| "D'yer Mak'er"
| 'D'yer Mak'er'
| ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)<ref name="US singles chart">{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=379&cfgn=Singles&cfn=The+Billboard+Hot+100&ci=3070763&cdi=8858410&cid=12%2F29%2F1973 | title = Hot 100 Singles - 29 December 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-17}}</ref>
| ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)<ref name='US singles chart'>{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=379&cfgn=Singles&cfn=The+Billboard+Hot+100&ci=3070763&cdi=8858410&cid=12%2F29%2F1973 | title = Hot 100 Singles - 29 December 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-17}}</ref>
| 20
| 20
|-
|-
| 1973
| 1973
| "Over The Hills And Far Away"
| 'Over The Hills And Far Away'
| ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=379&cfgn=Singles&cfn=The+Billboard+Hot+100&ci=3070741&cdi=8856198&cid=07%2F28%2F1973 | title = Hot 100 Singles - 28 July 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-17}}</ref>
| ''Billboard'' Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=379&cfgn=Singles&cfn=The+Billboard+Hot+100&ci=3070741&cdi=8856198&cid=07%2F28%2F1973 | title = Hot 100 Singles - 28 July 1973 | publisher = ''Billboard'' | accessdate = 2009-01-17}}</ref>
| 51
| 51
Line 173: Line 171:


== Sales certifications ==
== Sales certifications ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{|class='wikitable sortable'
! Country
! Country
!align="center"|Sales
!align='center'|Sales
!align="center"|Certification
!align='center'|Certification
|-
|-
| United Kingdom ([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])
| United Kingdom ([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])
|align="center"|300,000+
|align='center'|300,000+
|align="center"|Platinum<ref name="BPI">{{cite web | url = http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=23685| title = BPI Houses of the Holy certification - 24 November 1988 |publisher = BPI | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|Platinum<ref name='BPI'>{{cite web | url = http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=23685| title = BPI Houses of the Holy certification - 24 November 1988 |publisher = BPI | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Germany (IFPI)
| Germany (IFPI)
|align="center"|100,000+
|align='center'|100,000+
|align="center"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank.html | title = Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Houses of the Holy - 1993| publisher = musikindustrie.de | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank.html | title = Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Houses of the Holy - 1993| publisher = musikindustrie.de | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Argentina ([[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|CAPIF]])
| Argentina ([[Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers|CAPIF]])
|align="center"|30,000+
|align='center'|30,000+
|align="center"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Led+Zeppelin&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | title = CAPIF: Led Zeppelin - 1993| publisher = CAPIF | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.capif.org.ar/Default.asp?PerDesde_MM=0&PerDesde_AA=0&PerHasta_MM=0&PerHasta_AA=0&interprete=Led+Zeppelin&album=&LanDesde_MM=0&LanDesde_AA=0&LanHasta_MM=0&LanHasta_AA=0&Galardon=O&Tipo=1&ACCION2=+Buscar+&ACCION=Buscar&CO=5&CODOP=ESOP | title = CAPIF: Led Zeppelin - 1993| publisher = CAPIF | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| United States ([[RIAA]])
| United States ([[RIAA]])
|align="center"|11,000,000+
|align='center'|11,000,000+
|align="center"|11× Multi-Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS | title = RIAA.org Houses of the Holy - 15 November 1999| publisher = RIAA | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|11× Multi-Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS | title = RIAA.org Houses of the Holy - 15 November 1999| publisher = RIAA | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| France ([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])
| France ([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])
|align="center"|150,000+
|align='center'|150,000+
|align="center"|2× Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/monopage.xml?id=259165&year=2001&type=11 | title = Disque en France: Houses of the Holy - 18 October 2001| publisher = SNEP | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|2× Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.disqueenfrance.com/fr/monopage.xml?id=259165&year=2001&type=11 | title = Disque en France: Houses of the Holy - 18 October 2001| publisher = SNEP | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Spain ([[PROMUSICAE]])
| Spain ([[PROMUSICAE]])
|align="center"|40,000+
|align='center'|40,000+
|align="center"|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = PROMUSICAE Houses of the Holy - 2002| publisher = PROMUSICAE | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|align='center'|Gold<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.promusicae.es/english.html | title = PROMUSICAE Houses of the Holy - 2002| publisher = PROMUSICAE | accessdate = 2009-01-19}}</ref>
|-
|-
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
==Credits==
|colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen"|<center>'''Personnel'''</center>
{| class='wikitable'
|colspan='2' style='background:lightgreen'|<center>'''Personnel'''</center>
|-
|-
|
|

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Houses of the Holy
Hothalbum1973.jpg
Type Studio album
Artist Led Zeppelin
Release Date 18 March 1973 (US), 26 March 1973 (UK)
Recorded May 1972 at
Stargroves with the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio;
Island Studios, London.
Mixed at Olympic Studios, London;
Electric Lady, New York.
Genre Hard rock, prog rock, folk rock, rock
Language English
Length 40 min 58 sec
Label Atlantic Records
Catalogue Atlantic SD 7255 (US), Atlantic K 50014 (UK)
Producer Jimmy Page
Engineer Eddie Kramer & Andy Johns

Houses of the Holy is the fifth album by English rock band Led Zeppelin, released by Atlantic Records on 28 March 1973. The album title is a dedication by the band to their fans who appeared at venues they dubbed 'Houses of the Holy.' It was the first Led Zeppelin album to not be, at least unofficially, titled after the band. The album represents a musical turning point for Led Zeppelin, as they began to use more layering and production techniques in recording their songs.

Although Houses of the Holy initially received mixed reviews, it has since become regarded by critics as one of Led Zeppelin's finest albums. The album provided notable additions to the band's catalogue, including 'Over the Hills and Far Away', 'Dancing Days', 'The Song Remains the Same', 'D'yer Mak'er', 'No Quarter' and 'The Ocean', and it has sold over 11 million copies in the United States.

Recording sessions

Much of this album was recorded in Spring 1972 at Stargroves, the country estate in Berkshire, using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio. Some songs from the album had initially been tried out earlier than this, such as 'No Quarter', which was first attempted during a session at Headley Grange.[1]

Several of the songs were also demo'd at the personal studios of guitarist Jimmy Page and bass player/keyboardist John Paul Jones. These two musicians had recently installed the studios in their respective homes, which enabled them to complete the arrangements which had been laid down earlier.[2] In particular, Page was able to present complete arrangements of 'The Rain Song' and 'Over the Hills and Far Away', while Jones had developed 'No Quarter'.[3]

Another bout of recording took place at Olympic Studios in May 1972, and during the band's 1972 North American tour additional recording sessions were conducted at Electric Lady Studios in New York.[4] Some of these songs which were recorded from various sessions did not eventually make it onto Houses of the Holy, namely 'Black Country Woman', 'Walter's Walk', 'The Rover' and also the title-track, 'Houses of the Holy'. All of these songs were retained and later released on subsequent Led Zeppelin albums.

Composition

This album was a stylistic turning point in the lifespan of Led Zeppelin. Guitar riffs became more layered within Jimmy Page's production techniques and departed from the blues influences of earlier records. In the album's opening opus, 'The Song Remains the Same', and its intricate companion suite, 'The Rain Song', Robert Plant's lyrics matured toward a less overt form of the mysticism and fantasy of previous efforts. Houses of the Holy also featured styles not heard on the first four Led Zeppelin albums. For example, 'D'yer Mak'er' is a reggae-based tune; 'No Quarter' features atmospheric keyboard sounds and an acoustic piano solo from John Paul Jones; 'The Crunge' is a funk tribute; and 'The Rain Song' is embellished by Jones on his newly-acquired mellotron. The album's closing song 'The Ocean' is dedicated to 'the ocean' of fans who at this point of the band's career massed to Led Zeppelin concerts.

In the assessment of Led Zeppelin expert Dave Lewis:

‘ In retrospect, Houses of the Holy holds its ground with the middle period releases quite admirably. The barnstorming effect of the early era was now levelling off and though devoid of the electricity of Led Zeppelin I and II, or the sheer diversity of the third album, and lacking the classic status of the fourth, 'Houses' took stock of their situation. In doing so, it laid several foundations on which they would expand their future collective musical aspirations.[5] ’

Album sleeve design

The cover art for Houses of the Holy was inspired by the ending of Arthur C. Clarke's novel Childhood's End.[6] It is a collage of several photographs which were taken at the Giant's Causeway, Northern Ireland, by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis. This location was chosen ahead of an alternative one in Peru which was being considered.[7]

The two children who modelled for the cover were siblings Stefan and Samanatha Gates.[8] The photoshoot was a frustrating affair over the course of ten days. Shooting was done first thing in the morning and at sunset in order to capture the light at dawn and dusk, but the desired effect was never achieved due to constant rain and clouds. The photos of the two children were taken in black and white and were multi-printed to create the effect of 11 individuals that can be seen on the album cover. The results of the shoot were less than satisfactory, but some accidental tinting effects in post-production created an unexpectedly striking album cover.[9] The inner sleeve photograph was taken at Dunluce Castle near to the Causeway.

Like Led Zeppelin's fourth album, neither the band's name nor the album title was printed on the sleeve. However, manager Peter Grant did allow Atlantic Records to add a wrap-around band to UK copies of the sleeve that had to be broken or slid off to access the record.[10] The first CD release of the album in the 1980s did have the title logos printed on the cover itself.[11]

In 1974 the album was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of best album package. The cover was rated number 6 on VH1's 50 Greatest Album Covers in 2003.

Release and critical reaction

This was Led Zeppelin's final studio release on Atlantic Records before forming their own label, Swan Song Records, in 1974. It was also the only Led Zeppelin album that contained complete printed lyrics to each song.

Although intended for release in January 1973, delays in producing the album cover meant that it was not released until March, when the band was on its 1973 European tour. The album was promoted heavily before the commencement of Led Zeppelin's subsequent North American Tour, ensuring that it had ascended the top of the American chart by the beginning of the tour.[12] Because much of the album had been recorded almost a year previously, many of the songs which are featured on the album had already been played live by Led Zeppelin on their concert tours of North America, Japan, Europe and the United Kingdom in 1972-1973.[13]

Upon its release, the album received some mixed reviews, with some criticism from the music press being directed at the off-beat nature of tracks such as 'The Crunge' and 'D'yer Mak'er'.[14] However, the album was very commercially successful, entering the UK chart at number one, while in America its 39-week run on the Billboard Top 40 was their longest since their third album.[15] In 2003, the album was ranked number 149 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank
Dave Marsh United States The Top 40 Albums (1973)[16] 1973 13
Grammy Award United States Grammy Award for Best Recording Package[17] 1974 Nominee
Classic Rock United Kingdom 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever[18] 2006 90
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame United States The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time[19] 2007 51

(*) designates unordered lists.

Album information

Track listing:

  • Side 1:
  1. 'The Song Remains the Same' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 5:24
  2. 'The Rain Song' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 7:32
  3. 'Over the Hills and Far Away' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:42
  4. 'The Crunge' (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:10
  • Side 2:
  1. 'Dancing Days' (Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 3:40
  2. 'D'yer Mak'er' (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 4:19
  3. 'No Quarter' (John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, Robert Plant) – 6:57
  4. 'The Ocean' (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page) – 4:28

Chart positions

Album

Chart (1973) Peak Position
Japanese Albums Chart[20] 3
UK Albums Chart[21] 1
Norwegian Albums Chart[22] 4
US Billboard The 200 Albums Chart[23] 1
US Cash Box Top 100 Albums Chart[24] 1
US Record World Top Pop Albums Chart[25] 1
Austrian Albums Chart[26] 3
Canadian RPM Top 100 Albums Chart[27] 1
Spanish Albums Chart[28] 9
Australian Go-Set Top 20 Albums Chart[29] 1
Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart 1
German Albums Chart[30] 8
French Albums Chart[31] 3

Singles

Year Single Chart Position
1973 'D'yer Mak'er' Billboard Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)[32] 20
1973 'Over The Hills And Far Away' Billboard Hot 100 Chart (Pop Singles)[33] 51

Sales certifications

Country Sales Certification
United Kingdom (BPI) 300,000+ Platinum[34]
Germany (IFPI) 100,000+ Gold[35]
Argentina (CAPIF) 30,000+ Gold[36]
United States (RIAA) 11,000,000+ 11× Multi-Platinum[37]
France (SNEP) 150,000+ 2× Gold[38]
Spain (PROMUSICAE) 40,000+ Gold[39]

Credits

Personnel
  • Musicians:
    • Jimmy Page – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, pedal steel guitar, backing vocals, producer, remastering, digital remastering
    • Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica
    • John Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, synthesizer, organ, piano, mellotron, clavinet, bass pedals, harpsichord, backing vocals
    • John Bonham - drums, percussion, backing vocals
  • Production:
    • Peter Grant – executive producer
    • Eddie Kramer – engineer, mixing
    • Andy Johns - engineer, mixing
    • Keith Harwood – mixing
    • Bob Ludwig - mastering
    • Aubrey Powell – photography
    • Hipgnosis – sleeve design
    • Barry Diament - original CD mastering engineer (mid-1980s)
    • George Marino - remastered CD engineer (1990)

Notes

  1. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  2. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  3. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  4. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  5. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  6. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  7. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  8. ↑ Solved: Mystery of the iconic Led Zeppelin album cover and its golden-haired children
  9. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  10. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  11. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  12. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  13. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  14. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  15. ↑ Lewis, Dave (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
  16. ↑ The Top 40 Albums 1973. rocklistmusic.co.uk. Retrieved on 2009-02-10.
  17. ↑ Grammy Award for Best Album Package (Hipgnosis) - 2 March 1974. Grammy. Retrieved on 2009-02-10.
  18. ↑ Classic Rock - 100 Greatest British Rock Album Ever - April 2006. Classic Rock. Retrieved on 2009-02-10.
  19. ↑ The Definitive 200: Top 200 Albums of All-Time. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (United States). Retrieved on 2009-02-10.
  20. ↑ Top 100 Albums - 10 April 1973. Oricon. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  21. ↑ Top 100 Albums - 14 April 1973. chartstats.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  22. ↑ Top 20 Albums - 29 April 1973. norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  23. ↑ The Billboard 200 - 12 May 1973. Billboard. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  24. ↑ Top 100 Albums - 12 May 1973. Cash Box. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  25. ↑ Top Pop Albums - 12 May 1973. Record World. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  26. ↑ Top 75 Albums - 15 May 1973. austriancharts.at. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  27. ↑ RPM Albums Chart - 19 May 1973. RPM. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  28. ↑ Top 100 Albums - 9 June 1973. PROMUSICAE. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  29. ↑ Top 20 Albums - 30 June 1973. Go Set. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  30. ↑ Top 100 Albums - June 1973. charts-surfer.de. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  31. ↑ Top 100 Albums - 1973. infodisc.fr. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  32. ↑ Hot 100 Singles - 29 December 1973. Billboard. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
  33. ↑ Hot 100 Singles - 28 July 1973. Billboard. Retrieved on 2009-01-17.
  34. ↑ BPI Houses of the Holy certification - 24 November 1988. BPI. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  35. ↑ Bundesverband Musikindustrie: Houses of the Holy - 1993. musikindustrie.de. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  36. ↑ CAPIF: Led Zeppelin - 1993. CAPIF. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  37. ↑ RIAA.org Houses of the Holy - 15 November 1999. RIAA. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  38. ↑ Disque en France: Houses of the Holy - 18 October 2001. SNEP. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
  39. ↑ PROMUSICAE Houses of the Holy - 2002. PROMUSICAE. Retrieved on 2009-01-19.
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