Gold standard/Tutorials: Difference between revisions
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==The effect of gold stocks upon the money supply== | ==The effect of gold stocks upon the money supply== | ||
:''(the following is a summary of a passage in Bernanke (2000) <ref> Ben Bernanke: ''Essays on the Great Depression'', Princeton University Press, 2000 </ref> page 9)'' | |||
Under the gold standard the effect of variations in a country's central bank stock of gold upon that country's money supply is governed by the identity: | Under the gold standard the effect of variations in a country's central bank stock of gold upon that country's money supply is governed by the identity: | ||
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:GOLD = gold reserves of the central bank, - PGOLD x QGOLD; | :GOLD = gold reserves of the central bank, - PGOLD x QGOLD; | ||
:PGOLD = the price of gold per unit of quantity | :PGOLD = the price of gold per unit of quantity at which the central bank is required to buy and sell gold; and, | ||
:QGOLD = the size (quantity) of the central bank's gold reserve; | :QGOLD = the size (quantity) of the central bank's gold reserve; | ||
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and | and | ||
:the ratio M1/BASE - the "money multiplier" is greater than 1 in a fractional reserve banking system | :the ratio M1/BASE - the "money multiplier" is greater than 1 in a fractional reserve banking system ''(see the [[Banking/Tutorials|addendum to the article on banking]])''; | ||
:the ratio BASE/RES is also greater than 1 where the central bank holds domestic assets as well as gold: and, | |||
:the ratio RES/GOLD is greater than 1 in a gold exchange system under which foreign exchange that is convertible to gold is counted as gold in a central bank's reserves. | |||
Where - as was usually the case - those ratios were greater than 1, fluctuations in the gold reserves of a country's central bank led to larger fluctuations in its money supply - often many times as large. | |||
<references/> | |||
Latest revision as of 06:20, 3 June 2022
The effect of gold stocks upon the money supply
- (the following is a summary of a passage in Bernanke (2000) [1] page 9)
Under the gold standard the effect of variations in a country's central bank stock of gold upon that country's money supply is governed by the identity:
- M1 = (M1/BASE) x (BASE/RES) x (RES/GOLD) x PGOLD x QGOLD
where
- M1 = money supply (money in circulation plus retail bank deposits);
- BASE = monetary base (money in circulation plus retail bank reserves);
- RES = international reserves of the central bank (foreign assets plus gold reserves);
- GOLD = gold reserves of the central bank, - PGOLD x QGOLD;
- PGOLD = the price of gold per unit of quantity at which the central bank is required to buy and sell gold; and,
- QGOLD = the size (quantity) of the central bank's gold reserve;
and
- the ratio M1/BASE - the "money multiplier" is greater than 1 in a fractional reserve banking system (see the addendum to the article on banking);
- the ratio BASE/RES is also greater than 1 where the central bank holds domestic assets as well as gold: and,
- the ratio RES/GOLD is greater than 1 in a gold exchange system under which foreign exchange that is convertible to gold is counted as gold in a central bank's reserves.
Where - as was usually the case - those ratios were greater than 1, fluctuations in the gold reserves of a country's central bank led to larger fluctuations in its money supply - often many times as large.
- ↑ Ben Bernanke: Essays on the Great Depression, Princeton University Press, 2000