Eurozone crisis/Catalogs: Difference between revisions

From Citizendium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
imported>Nick Gardner
imported>Nick Gardner
 
(47 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{subpages}}
{{subpages}}


==The Principal Actors==
==The principal actors==
{{TOC|right}}


===Jose Manuel Barroso===
===Jose Manuel Barroso===
President of the European Commission since 2004 [http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm website]. Previously Prime Minister of Portugal and leader of its ''Social Democratic Party''.
President of the European Commission since 2004 ([http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/president/index_en.htm website]). Previously Prime Minister of Portugal and leader of its ''Social Democratic Party''.


===Silvio Berlusconi===
===Silvio Berlusconi===
Former Prime Minister of Italy (2008-2011 and two previous terms). Businessman and media proprietor. Founder of the conservative ''Forza Italia'' political party. The subject of alleged sex scandals. Has been accused of embezzlement, tax fraud and false accounting, and attempting to bribe a judge, but has never been convicted.  A range of polls in September 2011 indicated that some 80 per cent of Italians had lost confidence in his ability to govern, and he lost the support of parliament and was forced to resign in November 2011.
Former Prime Minister of Italy (2008-2011 and two previous terms).


===Pedro Passos Coelho===
===Pedro Passos Coelho===
Line 13: Line 14:


===Mario Draghi===
===Mario Draghi===
Governor of the Bank of Italy since 16 January 2006. President of the European Central Bank from November 2011.
President of the European Central Bank from November 2011([http://www.ecb.int/press/key/date/2011/html/sp111219.en.html interview 14/12/2011]). Former Governor of the Bank of Italy (2006-2011). ([http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/03/us-draghi-profile-idUSTRE7A228K20111103 Reuters profile])
 
===François Hollande===
President of France
[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.francoishollande.fr/&ei=wZ0eT972Ncnh8AOB4ty1Dg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DFrancois%2BHollande%2Bwebsite%26hl%3Den%26prmd%3Dimvns (website)]. ([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15311645 BBC profile])


===Jean-Claude Juncker===
===Jean-Claude Juncker===
President of Luxembourg since 1995 [http://www.gouvernement.lu/gouvernement/premier-ministre/en/index.html website]. Previously leader of the ''Christian Socialist Party''.  Chairman of the [[Eurogroup]] of eurozone Finance Ministers. Proponent of [[eurobond]]s.
President of Luxembourg since 1995 [http://www.gouvernement.lu/gouvernement/premier-ministre/en/index.html website]. Previously leader of the ''Christian Socialist Party''.  Chairman of the [[Eurogroup]] of eurozone Finance Ministers. Proponent of [[eurobond]]s.


===Angela Merkel===
===[[Angela Merkel]]===
Chancellor of Germany since 2005 [http://www.angela-merkel.de/ (website)].  Leader of the centre-right ''Christian Democratic Union'' and head of a coalition with the centre-right ''Free Democratic Party'' since re-elected in 2009 (the next elections are due in 2013). Under international pressure to rescue Greece and under domestic pressure
Born 1954. Chancellor of Germany since 2005 ([http://www.economist.com/node/21540283 ''Economist'' profile] [http://www.angela-merkel.de/ website]).  Leader of the centre-right ''Christian Democratic Union'' and head of a coalition with the centre-right ''Free Democratic Party'' since re-elected in 2009 (the next elections are due in 2013). Under international pressure to rescue Greece and under domestic pressure
<ref> ''Merkel's Government Remains Divided on Euro Policy'', Spiegel, 15 September 2011[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,786421,00.html]</ref> to abandon it (a  poll conducted in September 2011 by the Forsa Institute, 80% of Germans  are against rescuing Greece). Her approval rating dropped to 36  per cent in August 2011, compared with 60 per cent 3 years  previously<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/profile/angela-merkel/ ''Angela Merkel'', Forbes, August 2011]</ref>.
<ref> ''Merkel's Government Remains Divided on Euro Policy'', Spiegel, 15 September 2011[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,786421,00.html]</ref> to abandon it (a  poll conducted in September 2011 by the Forsa Institute, 80% of Germans  are against rescuing Greece). Her approval rating dropped to 36  per cent in August 2011, compared with 60 per cent 3 years  previously<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/profile/angela-merkel/ ''Angela Merkel'', Forbes, August 2011]</ref>, but had recovered to 66 per cent by July 2012<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/57ad9002-c781-11e1-a850-00144feab49a.html#axzz28Jyl9ghN Gerrit Wiesmann ''Merkel’s public approval ratings soar'', July 6, 2012]</ref>


===Mario Monti===
===Mario Monti===
Probable successor to  Silvio Berlusconi as Prime Minister of Italy. Distinguished Italian economist.([http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/48461414-0bb5-11e1-9a61-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1dETr9pJy FT profile]) Former Chancellor and Professor of Political Economy at Bocconi University. European Commissioner for Competition from 1999 to 2004.
Prime Minister of Italy from 14 November 2011. Distinguished Italian economist.([http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/48461414-0bb5-11e1-9a61-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1dETr9pJy FT profile]) Studied economics at Yale under [[James Tobin]]. Former Chancellor and Professor of Political Economy at Bocconi University. European Commissioner for Competition from 1999 to 2004. Founder of the [http://www.bruegel.org/ Bruegel] economics think-tank and  founder member of the [http://www.spinelligroup.eu/ Spinelli Group] which seeks to promote greater European integration.
([[Eurozone crisis/Tutorials#Italy|Attitudes to the crisis]]).
 
===Pierre Moscovici===
French finance minister since May 2012. A social democrat and economics graduate who is said to be opposed to Angela Merkel's austerity policy. ([http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/16/france-moscovici-profile-idUSL5E8GGJDJ20120516 Reuters profile])


===Lucas Papademos===
===Lucas Papademos===
Prime Minister of Greece from  10th November 2011. Distinguished Greek economist and former vice president of the European Central Bank.
Former Prime Minister of Greece from  10th November 2011 until 6th June 2012. Distinguished Greek economist and former vice president of the European Central Bank. Fiscal conservative. As President of the Greek central bank he negotiated  Greek's entry to the eurozone. ([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15643454 BBC profile]).


===George Papandreou===
===George Papandreou===
Line 32: Line 41:


===Mariano Rajoy===
===Mariano Rajoy===
Leader of the Spanish Partido Popular (PP) conservative party.
Prime Minister of Spain since November 2011. Leader of the  Partido Popular (PP) conservative party. Interior Minister  and other ministerial posts in the Aznar governments of 1996-2004  ([http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.rajoy.es/&ei=1SjKTruAG4f28gP7uJFf&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CFMQ7gEwBg&prev=/search%3Fq%3DMariano%2BRajoy%2Bwebsite%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dimvnsuo website]) ([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15781440 BBC profile]).


===Horst Reichenbach===
===Horst Reichenbach===
Line 39: Line 48:
===Olli Rehn===
===Olli Rehn===
European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs since 2010. [http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/rehn/index_en.htm (website)]
European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs since 2010. [http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/rehn/index_en.htm (website)]
===Antonis Samaras===
Prime Minister of Greece since 20th June 2012. An economist and politician who had been leader of New Democracy, Greece's major conservative party and main opposition party, from 2009 until June 2012 when it became the largest of Greek's parliamentary parties([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18410765 BBC Profile]). He now heads a coalition[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18515185] comprising New Democracy, Pasok (Socialists) and the smaller "Democratic Left".


===Nicholas Sarkozy===
===Nicholas Sarkozy===
President of France since 2007 [http://www.elysee.fr/president/accueil.1.html website]. A lawyer by training. Previously president of the centre-right ''Union for a Popular Movement''. His initially high approval rating fell to 30 percent in April 2011 and recovered slightly to reach 37 percent at the start of September<ref>[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/09/06/uk-france-politics-idUKTRE7855IG20110906 ''Sarkozy's approval rating hits 12-month high'', Reuters, Sep 6, 2011]</ref>.  Intends to stand for re-election in April 2012, but he is said to be France's most unpopular president<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/21533416 ''Sauce Hollandaise'', The Economist 22 October 2011]</ref>.  His re-election prospects are said to have been set back by his party's loss of control of the Senate<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/26/world/europe/french-left-takes-control-of-the-senate.html?_r=1&scp=3&sq=nicolas%20sarkozy&st=cse Steven Erlanger ''French Left Takes Control of the Senate'', New York Times, September 25, 2011]</ref>, but enhanced by the success of France's intervention in the [[Arab Spring#Civil war in Libya|Libyan civil war]]<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/21528636 ''After his Libyan adventure'', The Economist, 10 October 2011]</ref>.
Former President of France since 2007-2012 [http://www.elysee.fr/president/accueil.1.html website]. A lawyer by training. Previously president of the centre-right ''Union pour un Mouvement Populaire''.


===Wolfgang Schaeuble===
===Wolfgang Schaeuble===
German Finance Minister since 2009 [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.wolfgang-schaeuble.de/&ei=4Y2hTvPmJ8rZ8gOaz83hBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCIQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DWolfgang%2BSchaeuble%2Bwebsite%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dimvnso website].
German Finance Minister since 2009. Former leader of the Christian Democratic Union.  Studied economics and law before qualifying as a lawyer and entering the tax administration office in the southern state of Baden Würtemberg. ([http://cachef.ft.com/cms/s/0/2e4a8072-bfe5-11de-aed2-00144feab49a.html#axzz1eKrNNn77 FT profile])  ([http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.wolfgang-schaeuble.de/index.php%3Fid%3D37&ei=AyrKTp7eAYji8QPGpORs&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dwolfgang%2Bschaeuble%2Binterview%26hl%3Den%26prmd%3Dimvnso interviews]) ([http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://www.wolfgang-schaeuble.de/&ei=4Y2hTvPmJ8rZ8gOaz83hBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCIQ7gEwAA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DWolfgang%2BSchaeuble%2Bwebsite%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26prmd%3Dimvnso website]).
 
===Hans-Werner Sinn===
Professor of Economics at the University of Munich nd President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research[http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/CESifo-Group.html]. He also serves on the German economy ministry’s Advisory Council. His book ''Can Germany be Saved?'' is one of the most widely read public-policy books in recent German history. ([http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/policy/Sinns-Corner/Contributions-by-Hans-Werner-Sinn.html Publications])([http://www.economist.com/node/21006933/contributors/Hans-Werner%20Sinn Interview])


===José Sócrates===
===José Sócrates===
Line 53: Line 68:


===Jean-Claude Trichet===
===Jean-Claude Trichet===
President of the European Central Bank since 2003 (term of office ends November 2011).
Former president of the European Central Bank (2003-2011).
 
===Herman van Rompuy===
President of the European Union, January 2010 t0 May 2012. Former Prime Minister of Belgian since 2008 ([http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8358504.stm BBC profile])


===Evangelos Venizelos===
===Evangelos Venizelos===
Greek Finance Minister since June 2011. Socialist Party member. Constitutional lawyer. Rival to George Papandreou. ([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13807826 BBC profile])
Greek Finance Minister since June 2011. Socialist Party member. Constitutional lawyer. Rival to George Papandreou. ([http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13807826 BBC profile])
===Jens Weidmann===
German Bundesbank ([[central bank]]) President since May 2011. Formerly principal economic advisor to Angela Merkel ([http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/05/20/germany-cenbank-idINLDE74J17320110520 Reuters profile]). Opposed to the use of the [[European Central Bank]] as [[lender of last resort]] to governments.


===Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff===
===Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff===
Line 62: Line 83:


===Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero===
===Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero===
Prime Minister of Spain  2008 to 2011 [http://www.euroresidentes.com/euroresiuk/Spanish_Government/Jose_Luis_Rodriguez_Zapatero.htm website]. Leader of the ruling Socialist Party. Has called a general election for 20th November 2011 and he does not intend to seek re-election.
Former Prime Minister of Spain  2008 to 2011 [http://www.euroresidentes.com/euroresiuk/Spanish_Government/Jose_Luis_Rodriguez_Zapatero.htm website]. Leader of the ruling Socialist Party.
 


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

Latest revision as of 07:29, 5 October 2012

This article is developed but not approved.
 Main Article
 Discussion
Related Articles  [?]
Bibliography  [?]
External Links  [?]
Citable Version  [?]
Catalogs [?]
Timelines [?]
Tutorials [?]
Addendum [?]
 
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Eurozone_crisis/Catalogs&printable=yes
An informational catalog, or several catalogs, about Eurozone crisis.

The principal actors

Jose Manuel Barroso

President of the European Commission since 2004 (website). Previously Prime Minister of Portugal and leader of its Social Democratic Party.

Silvio Berlusconi

Former Prime Minister of Italy (2008-2011 and two previous terms).

Pedro Passos Coelho

Prime Minister of Portugal since June 2011. Economics graduate and former businessman. Leader of the Social Democratic Party.

Mario Draghi

President of the European Central Bank from November 2011(interview 14/12/2011). Former Governor of the Bank of Italy (2006-2011). (Reuters profile)

François Hollande

President of France (website). (BBC profile)

Jean-Claude Juncker

President of Luxembourg since 1995 website. Previously leader of the Christian Socialist Party. Chairman of the Eurogroup of eurozone Finance Ministers. Proponent of eurobonds.

Angela Merkel

Born 1954. Chancellor of Germany since 2005 (Economist profile website). Leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union and head of a coalition with the centre-right Free Democratic Party since re-elected in 2009 (the next elections are due in 2013). Under international pressure to rescue Greece and under domestic pressure [1] to abandon it (a poll conducted in September 2011 by the Forsa Institute, 80% of Germans are against rescuing Greece). Her approval rating dropped to 36 per cent in August 2011, compared with 60 per cent 3 years previously[2], but had recovered to 66 per cent by July 2012[3]

Mario Monti

Prime Minister of Italy from 14 November 2011. Distinguished Italian economist.(FT profile) Studied economics at Yale under James Tobin. Former Chancellor and Professor of Political Economy at Bocconi University. European Commissioner for Competition from 1999 to 2004. Founder of the Bruegel economics think-tank and founder member of the Spinelli Group which seeks to promote greater European integration. (Attitudes to the crisis).

Pierre Moscovici

French finance minister since May 2012. A social democrat and economics graduate who is said to be opposed to Angela Merkel's austerity policy. (Reuters profile)

Lucas Papademos

Former Prime Minister of Greece from 10th November 2011 until 6th June 2012. Distinguished Greek economist and former vice president of the European Central Bank. Fiscal conservative. As President of the Greek central bank he negotiated Greek's entry to the eurozone. (BBC profile).

George Papandreou

Former Prime Minister of Greece 2009-2011 (website). Leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (BBC profile). Resigned 07 November 2011.

Mariano Rajoy

Prime Minister of Spain since November 2011. Leader of the Partido Popular (PP) conservative party. Interior Minister and other ministerial posts in the Aznar governments of 1996-2004 (website) (BBC profile).

Horst Reichenbach

Leader of the European Comission's Greece task force since July 2011. Previously Vice President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development[4].

Olli Rehn

European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs since 2010. (website)

Antonis Samaras

Prime Minister of Greece since 20th June 2012. An economist and politician who had been leader of New Democracy, Greece's major conservative party and main opposition party, from 2009 until June 2012 when it became the largest of Greek's parliamentary parties(BBC Profile). He now heads a coalition[2] comprising New Democracy, Pasok (Socialists) and the smaller "Democratic Left".

Nicholas Sarkozy

Former President of France since 2007-2012 website. A lawyer by training. Previously president of the centre-right Union pour un Mouvement Populaire.

Wolfgang Schaeuble

German Finance Minister since 2009. Former leader of the Christian Democratic Union. Studied economics and law before qualifying as a lawyer and entering the tax administration office in the southern state of Baden Würtemberg. (FT profile) (interviews) (website).

Hans-Werner Sinn

Professor of Economics at the University of Munich nd President of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research[3]. He also serves on the German economy ministry’s Advisory Council. His book Can Germany be Saved? is one of the most widely read public-policy books in recent German history. (Publications)(Interview)

José Sócrates

Former Prime Minister of Portugal (2004-2011). Leader of the Socialist Party. Succeeded as Prime Minister by Pedro Passos Coelho in June 2011.

Giulio Tremonti

Italian Finance Minister since 2005. Professor of Law. Has a reputation for fiscal prudence. Weakened by rumoured connection with a graft scandal in 2011[4].

Jean-Claude Trichet

Former president of the European Central Bank (2003-2011).

Herman van Rompuy

President of the European Union, January 2010 t0 May 2012. Former Prime Minister of Belgian since 2008 (BBC profile)

Evangelos Venizelos

Greek Finance Minister since June 2011. Socialist Party member. Constitutional lawyer. Rival to George Papandreou. (BBC profile)

Jens Weidmann

German Bundesbank (central bank) President since May 2011. Formerly principal economic advisor to Angela Merkel (Reuters profile). Opposed to the use of the European Central Bank as lender of last resort to governments.

Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff

President of Germany since June 2010. Formerly Premier of Lower Saxony. Member of the Christian Democratic Union.

Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero

Former Prime Minister of Spain 2008 to 2011 website. Leader of the ruling Socialist Party.

References

  1. ↑ Merkel's Government Remains Divided on Euro Policy, Spiegel, 15 September 2011[1]
  2. ↑ Angela Merkel, Forbes, August 2011
  3. ↑ Gerrit Wiesmann Merkel’s public approval ratings soar, July 6, 2012
  4. ↑ Anthony Williams: Horst Reichenbach named head of EU Comission task force, EBRD, 20 July 2011
Retrieved from "https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Eurozone_crisis/Catalogs&oldid=761575"