Diuretic: Difference between revisions
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==Physiology of sodium reabsorption in the kidney== | ==Physiology of sodium reabsorption in the kidney== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Physiology of sodium reabsorption in the kidney | |+ Physiology of sodium reabsorption in the kidney | ||
! Location in nephron !! Proportion of total sodium reabsorption<br>accounted for!! [[Ion pump]]!! | ! Location in nephron !! Proportion of total sodium reabsorption<br>accounted for!! [[Ion pump]]!! Diuretics that<br>act at this location | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Proximal convulated tubule || 40% || [[ | | Proximal convulated tubule || 40% || [[Sodium-hydrogen antiporter]] || Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Late proximal tubule || || [[ | | Late proximal tubule || || [[Chloride-bicarbonate antiporter]] || cell | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Loop of Henle:<br>thin descending limb || 0% || Not applicable || Osmotic diuretics | | Loop of Henle:<br>thin descending limb || 0% || Not applicable || Osmotic diuretics | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Loop of Henle:<br>thick ascending limb<br>('diluting segment') || 25% || [[ | | Loop of Henle:<br>thick ascending limb<br>('diluting segment') || 25% || [[Sodium potassium chloride symporter]] || Loop diuretics | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Distal convulated tubule || 10% || [[Sodium chloride symporter]] || Thiazides | | Distal convulated tubule || 10% || [[Sodium chloride symporter]] || Thiazides | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Collecting tubule || 2-5% || || | | Collecting tubule || 2-5% || || Potassium-sparing diuretics | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Potassium-sparing diuretics=== | ===Potassium-sparing diuretics=== | ||
These work in the | These work in the collecting duct and late distal convoluted tubule. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 23:28, 18 June 2008
Diuretics are "agents that promote the excretion of urine through their effects on kidney function."[1]
Physiology of sodium reabsorption in the kidney
| Location in nephron | Proportion of total sodium reabsorption accounted for |
Ion pump | Diuretics that act at this location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Proximal convulated tubule | 40% | Sodium-hydrogen antiporter | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
| Late proximal tubule | Chloride-bicarbonate antiporter | cell | |
| Loop of Henle: thin descending limb |
0% | Not applicable | Osmotic diuretics |
| Loop of Henle: thick ascending limb ('diluting segment') |
25% | Sodium potassium chloride symporter | Loop diuretics |
| Distal convulated tubule | 10% | Sodium chloride symporter | Thiazides |
| Collecting tubule | 2-5% | Potassium-sparing diuretics |
Classification
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a "class of compounds that reduces the secretion of h+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of carbonic anhydrases."[2][3]
Osmotic diuretic
Osmotic diuretics are "compounds that increase urine volume by increasing the amount of osmotically active solute in the urine. Osmotic diuretics also increase the osmolarity of plasma."[4]
Loop diuretics
More formally called sodium potassium chloride symporter inhibitors, these are agents that inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters in the thick ascending limb at the junction of the Loop of Henle and distal kidney tubules.[5]
Thiazides
Thiazides are "heterocyclic compounds with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring. This term commonly refers to the benzothiadiazines that inhibit sodium-potassium-chloride symporters."[6]
Potassium-sparing diuretics
These work in the collecting duct and late distal convoluted tubule.
References
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Diuretic (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Katzung, Bertram G. (2001). “Diuretic Agents”, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 249. ISBN 0-8385-0598-8.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Osmotic diuretics (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ Anonymous (2024), Thiazides (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.