Cortical thickness: Difference between revisions
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In brain anatomy, '''cortical thickness''' is a global measure used to describe the combined thickness of the layers of the [[cerebral cortex]] in [[mammal]]s. It is commonly determined from the [[grey matter]] set in [[image segmentation|segmented]] [[neuroimaging]] data and changes only minimally with [[brain size]], both within and across species | In [[brain]] [[anatomy]], '''cortical thickness''' is a global measure used to describe the combined thickness of the layers of the [[cerebral cortex]] in [[mammal]]s. It is commonly determined from the [[grey matter]] set in [[image segmentation|segmented]] [[neuroimaging]] data and changes only minimally with [[brain size]], both within and across species. Its variation across the human brain follows [[small world|small-world]] principles<ref name=He2007>{{CZ:Ref:He 2007 Small-World Anatomical Networks in the Human Brain Revealed by Cortical Thickness from MRI}}</ref>. Typical values in adult humans are (2.5±0.2) [[millimetre|mm]], and during [[aging]], a decrease (also known as [[cortical thinning]]) on the order of about 10 [[micrometre|μm]] per year can be observed <ref name=Salat2004>{{CZ:Ref:Salat 2004 Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging}}</ref>. Deviations from these patterns can be used as diagnostic indicators for [[brain disorder]]s: While [[Alzheimer's disease]], even very early on, is characterized by cortical thinning<ref name=Dickerson2009>{{CZ:Ref:Dickerson 2009 The cortical signature of Alzheimer's disease: regionally specific cortical thinning relates to symptom severity in very mild to mild AD dementia and is detectable in asymptomatic amyloid-positive individuals}}</ref>, [[Williams syndrome]] patients exhibit an increase in cortical thickness of about 5-10% in some regions <ref name=Thompson2005>{{CZ:Ref:Thompson 2005 Abnormal Cortical Complexity and Thickness Profiles Mapped in Williams Syndrome}}</ref>, and [[lissencephalic]] patients show drastic thickening, up to several centimetres in occipital regions<ref name=Guerrini2006>{{CZ:Ref:Guerrini 2006 Genetic malformations of cortical development}}</ref>. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 07:23, 7 January 2010
In brain anatomy, cortical thickness is a global measure used to describe the combined thickness of the layers of the cerebral cortex in mammals. It is commonly determined from the grey matter set in segmented neuroimaging data and changes only minimally with brain size, both within and across species. Its variation across the human brain follows small-world principles[1]. Typical values in adult humans are (2.5±0.2) mm, and during aging, a decrease (also known as cortical thinning) on the order of about 10 μm per year can be observed [2]. Deviations from these patterns can be used as diagnostic indicators for brain disorders: While Alzheimer's disease, even very early on, is characterized by cortical thinning[3], Williams syndrome patients exhibit an increase in cortical thickness of about 5-10% in some regions [4], and lissencephalic patients show drastic thickening, up to several centimetres in occipital regions[5].
References
- ↑ He, Yong; Zhang J. Chen & Alan C. Evans (2007), "Small-World Anatomical Networks in the Human Brain Revealed by Cortical Thickness from MRI", Cerebral Cortex 17 (10): 2407-2419, DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhl149 [e]
- ↑ Salat DH, Buckner RL, Snyder AZ, Greve DN, Desikan RS, Busa E et al. (2004). "Thinning of the cerebral cortex in aging". Cereb Cortex 14 (7): 721-30. DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhh032. PMID 15054051. Research Blogging. [e]
- ↑ Dickerson BC, Bakkour A, Salat DH, Feczko E, Pacheco J, Greve DN et al. (2009). "The cortical signature of Alzheimer's disease: regionally specific cortical thinning relates to symptom severity in very mild to mild AD dementia and is detectable in asymptomatic amyloid-positive individuals". Cereb Cortex 19 (3): 497-510. DOI:10.1093/cercor/bhn113. PMID 18632739. PMC PMC2638813. Research Blogging. [e]
- ↑ Thompson, Paul M.; Agatha D. Lee & Rebecca A. Dutton et al. (2005), "Abnormal Cortical Complexity and Thickness Profiles Mapped in Williams Syndrome", Journal of Neuroscience 25 (16): 4146–4158, DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0165-05.2005 [e]
- ↑ Guerrini R, Marini C (2006). "Genetic malformations of cortical development". Exp Brain Res 173 (2): 322-33. DOI:10.1007/s00221-006-0501-z. PMID 16724181. Research Blogging. [e]