https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&feed=atom&action=historyColonel - Revision history2024-03-29T13:10:20ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.5https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=940729&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "]]" to ""2024-03-18T12:27:51Z<p>Text replacement - "]]" to ""</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a Military formation (ground)#brigade-regiment|regiment<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, brigade<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see restructuring of the United States Army<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a division<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>, or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a corps<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>or higher command.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a Military formation (ground)#brigade-regiment|regiment, brigade, or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see restructuring of the United States Army), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a division, or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a corps or higher command.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | contribution = Colonel</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | contribution = Colonel</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Merriam-Webster online</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Merriam-Webster online</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonel}}</ref>. Historically, the colonel was the individual that raised a regiment-sized formation, and was senior among its officers. Such a regiment might be mercenaries, especially in the Middle Ages, or of volunteers, as in the American Civil War<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonel}}</ref>. Historically, the colonel was the individual that raised a regiment-sized formation, and was senior among its officers. Such a regiment might be mercenaries, especially in the Middle Ages, or of volunteers, as in the American Civil War.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==National variations==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==National variations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Nazi SS<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer'', followed by ''Brigadefuehrer''. Since the ''Oberfueher'' is between regimental and brigade command, some translate it as "senior colonel" and ''Brigadefuehrer'' as "brigadier general", where others translate ''Oberfuehrer'' as "brigadier general" and "Brigadefuehrer" as "major general". </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Nazi SS ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer'', followed by ''Brigadefuehrer''. Since the ''Oberfueher'' is between regimental and brigade command, some translate it as "senior colonel" and ''Brigadefuehrer'' as "brigadier general", where others translate ''Oberfuehrer'' as "brigadier general" and "Brigadefuehrer" as "major general". </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Colonel" is sometimes used as a modifier, as in "Colonel-General". Colonel-general is usually NATO grade OF-10, or "four star".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Colonel" is sometimes used as a modifier, as in "Colonel-General". Colonel-general is usually NATO grade OF-10, or "four star".</div></td></tr>
</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=940595&oldid=prevJohn Leach: Text replacement - "[[" to ""2024-03-18T12:27:19Z<p>Text replacement - "[[" to ""</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:27, 18 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>Military formation (ground)#brigade-regiment|regiment]], <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>brigade]], or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>restructuring of the United States Army]]), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>division]], or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>corps]] or higher command.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a Military formation (ground)#brigade-regiment|regiment]], brigade]], or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see restructuring of the United States Army]]), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a division]], or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a corps]] or higher command.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | contribution = Colonel</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | contribution = Colonel</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Merriam-Webster online</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = Merriam-Webster online</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonel}}</ref>. Historically, the colonel was the individual that raised a regiment-sized formation, and was senior among its officers. Such a regiment might be mercenaries, especially in the Middle Ages, or of volunteers, as in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>American Civil War]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonel}}</ref>. Historically, the colonel was the individual that raised a regiment-sized formation, and was senior among its officers. Such a regiment might be mercenaries, especially in the Middle Ages, or of volunteers, as in the American Civil War]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==National variations==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==National variations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Nazi <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>SS]] ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer'', followed by ''Brigadefuehrer''. Since the ''Oberfueher'' is between regimental and brigade command, some translate it as "senior colonel" and ''Brigadefuehrer'' as "brigadier general", where others translate ''Oberfuehrer'' as "brigadier general" and "Brigadefuehrer" as "major general". </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Nazi SS]] ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer'', followed by ''Brigadefuehrer''. Since the ''Oberfueher'' is between regimental and brigade command, some translate it as "senior colonel" and ''Brigadefuehrer'' as "brigadier general", where others translate ''Oberfuehrer'' as "brigadier general" and "Brigadefuehrer" as "major general". </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
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</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=940271&oldid=prevJohn Leach at 22:13, 17 March 20242024-03-17T22:13:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TOC|right</del>}}</div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td></tr>
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</table>John Leachhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521774&oldid=previmported>Caesar Schinas: Robot: Changing template: TOC-right2009-05-31T10:32:41Z<p>Robot: Changing template: TOC-right</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{TOC<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-</del>right}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{TOC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|</ins>right}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = NATO codes for grades of military personnel: Agreed English texts</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = NATO codes for grades of military personnel: Agreed English texts</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Caesar Schinashttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521772&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 22:10, 26 May 20092009-05-26T22:10:12Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Etymology==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The derives from <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Latin from </del>Middle French modification of Old Italian colonnello column of soldiers: colonel, diminutive of '''colonna''' column, from Latin ''columna'' <ref name=MWDict>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The derives from <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a </ins>Middle French modification of Old Italian <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>colonnello<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' (</ins>column of soldiers<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>: colonel, diminutive of '''colonna''' column, from Latin ''columna'' <ref name=MWDict>{{citation</div></td></tr>
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</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521770&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz at 22:08, 26 May 20092009-05-26T22:08:59Z<p></p>
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<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{TOC-right}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = NATO codes for grades of military personnel: Agreed English texts</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | title = NATO codes for grades of military personnel: Agreed English texts</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521773&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz: linked regiment2008-08-18T17:19:16Z<p>linked regiment</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> | url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a regiment, brigade, or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see [[restructuring of the United States Army]]), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a [[division]], or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a [[corps]] or higher command.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Military formation (ground)#brigade-regiment|</ins>regiment<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>brigade<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see [[restructuring of the United States Army]]), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a [[division]], or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a [[corps]] or higher command.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521775&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz: SS confusion2008-08-18T17:15:06Z<p>SS confusion</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:15, 18 August 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l17">Line 17:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. The Nazi [[SS]] ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'</del>'', followed by '''Brigadefuehrer". </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Nazi [[SS]] ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer'', followed by '<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'Brigadefuehrer''. Since the ''Oberfueher'' is between regimental and brigade command, some translate it as "senior colonel" and </ins>''Brigadefuehrer<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' as "brigadier general", where others translate ''Oberfuehrer'' as "brigadier general" and "Brigadefuehrer" as "major general</ins>". </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Colonel" is sometimes used as a modifier, as in "Colonel-General". Colonel-general is usually NATO grade OF-10, or "four star".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Colonel" is sometimes used as a modifier, as in "Colonel-General". Colonel-general is usually NATO grade OF-10, or "four star".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Insignia==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Insignia==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many countries follow U.S. or British usages. In the U.S. military, which does have a brigadier general rank, colonels or equivalent wear a silver eagle.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many countries follow U.S. or British usages. In the U.S. military, which does have a brigadier general rank, colonels or equivalent wear a silver eagle.</div></td></tr>
</table>imported>Howard C. Berkowitzhttps://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Colonel&diff=521771&oldid=previmported>Howard C. Berkowitz: New page: {{subpages}} '''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),...2008-08-18T17:10:20Z<p>New page: {{subpages}} '''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{subpages}}<br />
'''Colonel''' is a military rank, the top of the "field grade" system that divides officers into junior, field, and general/flag. In the NATO designation system (STANAG 2116),<ref name=RankMaven>{{citation<br />
| title = NATO codes for grades of military personnel: Agreed English texts<br />
| id = NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2116<br />
| year = 1992<br />
| url = http://rankmaven.tripod.com/NATO-92-RM.htm}}</ref> it is level OF-6, which is equivalent to the naval rank of '''captain''', or national variants referring to "full" or "post" captain, or "ship captain." The next lower rank is commonly, but not exclusively, "lieutenant colonel". The next higher, again depending on the specific military organization, is "brigadier" or "brigadier general".<br />
<br />
In modern militaries, typical command assignments at this level would be a regiment, brigade, or group. These are formations of 3,000 to 5,000 troops, or smaller specialized units that require a high degree of responsibility for field operations. While the trend has been to have the brigade as the basic field formation (see [[restructuring of the United States Army]]), some militaries have brigades made of more than one regiment. A colonel might also be assigned to a senior staff assignment, such as chief of staff for a [[division]], or of a branch (e.g., intelligence) of a [[corps]] or higher command.<br />
<br />
Promotion above colonel is substantially difficult in contemporary military organizations. Between 10 and 25 percent of U.S. colonels rise to brigadier general; the promotion from lieutenant colonel to colonel is also a major hurdle.<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The derives from Latin from Middle French modification of Old Italian colonnello column of soldiers: colonel, diminutive of '''colonna''' column, from Latin ''columna'' <ref name=MWDict>{{citation<br />
| contribution = Colonel<br />
| title = Merriam-Webster online<br />
| url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/colonel}}</ref>. Historically, the colonel was the individual that raised a regiment-sized formation, and was senior among its officers. Such a regiment might be mercenaries, especially in the Middle Ages, or of volunteers, as in the [[American Civil War]].<br />
==National variations==<br />
In some militaries, especially Asian communist, there are grades within colonel, distinct from colonel vs. lieutenant colonel. In China and North Korea, there are colonels and senior colonels. <br />
<br />
Other militaries either do not have the title of brigadier/brigadier general; the Russian military, for example, goes from colonel to major general. Yet others consider brigadier (not brigadier general) to be the highest field rank, but not a general officer rank. The Nazi [[SS]] ranks did not clearly map to more traditional military ranks; ''Standartenfuehrer'' was the commander of a regiment-equivalent, or "Standarte", but the next higher rank was ''Oberfuehrer''', followed by '''Brigadefuehrer". <br />
<br />
"Colonel" is sometimes used as a modifier, as in "Colonel-General". Colonel-general is usually NATO grade OF-10, or "four star".<br />
==Insignia==<br />
Many countries follow U.S. or British usages. In the U.S. military, which does have a brigadier general rank, colonels or equivalent wear a silver eagle.<br />
<br />
The British and widespread Commonwealth usage has a crown and two diamonds. In this system, brigadier is not a general officer rank, so the brigadier wears a crown and three diamonds, where a major general wears crossed swords and a diamond. All general officer ranks are distinguished by crossed swords.<br />
<br />
In the Russian system, a colonel (''polkovnik'') wears three small stars, much smaller than those of a general. There are other systems that use diamonds for staff grades, and reflect the Russian pattern of a colonel wearing three diamonds.<br />
==Colonel-in-chief==<br />
The term "colonel-in-chief" is honorary, used, for example, for the usually aristocratic patron of British regiments. "Usually" can cover a great deal, as, for example, with Colonel-in-Chief of the Norwegian Army, Sir Nils Olav, who is a penguin in the Edinburgh, Scotland zoo. <ref name=Penguin>{{citation<br />
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7562773.stm<br />
| title = Military penguin becomes a 'Sir'<br />
| date =15 August 2008}}</ref><br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}</div>imported>Howard C. Berkowitz