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'''Cephalosporins''' are a class of [[antibiotic]] compounds sharing a common base structure, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), that was derived from the first cephalosporin discovered, [[cephalosporin C]].  [[Penicillin]]s are very similar, although they contain a five-membered ring in place of the six-membered ring present in the cephalosporin.  The activity of cephalosporins, penicillins, and some other antibiotics are due to the presence of a [[lactam|beta-lactam]], which binds irreversibly, via acylation, to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby inhibiting the peptidogycan layer of bacterial cell wall synthesis.  Cephalosporins are often made semisynthetically.  Cephalosporins and the very closely related[[cephamycin]]s are collectively referred to as [[cephems]].
'''Cephalosporins''' are a class of [[antibiotic]] compounds sharing a common base structure, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), that was derived from the first cephalosporin discovered, [[cephalosporin C]].  [[Penicillin]]s are very similar, although they contain a five-membered ring in place of the six-membered ring present in the cephalosporin.  The activity of cephalosporins, penicillins, and some other antibiotics are due to the presence of a [[lactam|beta-lactam]], which binds irreversibly, via acylation, to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby inhibiting the peptidogycan layer of bacterial cell wall synthesis.  Cephalosporins are often made semisynthetically.  Cephalosporins and the very closely related[[cephamycin]]s are collectively referred to as [[cephems]].
== Nomenclature ==
Because the original cephalosporins used the "ceph" form of the spelling and were often trademarked, the [[International Nonproprietary Name]]s (INN) suggested by the [[World Health Organization]] use the "cef" spelling for the generic drug name of all cephalosporins.
== First generation cephalosporins ==
* [[Cefacetrile]]
* [[Cefadroxil]]
* [[Cefalexin]]
* [[Cefaloglycin]]
* [[Cefalonium]]
* [[Cefaloridine]]
* [[Cefalotin]]
* [[Cefapirin]]
* [[Cefatrizine]]
* [[Cefazaflur]]
* [[Cefazedone]]
* [[Cefazolin]]
* [[Cefradine]]
* [[Cefroxadine]]
* [[Ceftezole]]
== Second generation cephalosporins ==
In general, second generation cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of activity against [[Gram-negative]] bacteria.
* [[Cefaclor]]
* [[Cefonicid]]
* [[Cefprozil]]
* [[Cefuroxime]]
* [[Cefuzonam]]
* [[Cefmetazole]]
* [[Cefotetan]]
* [[Cefoxitin]]
== Third generation cephalosporins ==
* [[Cefcapene]]
* [[Cefdaloxime]]
* [[Cefdinir]]
* [[Cefditoren]]
* [[Cefetamet]]
* [[Cefixime]]
* [[Cefmenoxime]]
* [[Cefodizime]]
* [[Cefotaxime]]
* [[Cefpimizole]]
* [[Cefpodoxime]]
* [[Cefteram]]
* [[Ceftibuten]]
* [[Ceftiofur]]
* [[Ceftiolene]]
* [[Ceftizoxime]]
* [[Ceftriaxone]]
* [[Cefoperazone]]
* [[Ceftazidime]]

Revision as of 16:32, 5 April 2009

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(CC) Image: David E. Volk
Base structure of all cephalosporins.

Cephalosporins are a class of antibiotic compounds sharing a common base structure, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), that was derived from the first cephalosporin discovered, cephalosporin C. Penicillins are very similar, although they contain a five-membered ring in place of the six-membered ring present in the cephalosporin. The activity of cephalosporins, penicillins, and some other antibiotics are due to the presence of a beta-lactam, which binds irreversibly, via acylation, to penicillin-binding proteins, thereby inhibiting the peptidogycan layer of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cephalosporins are often made semisynthetically. Cephalosporins and the very closely relatedcephamycins are collectively referred to as cephems.

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