CZ:Core Articles/Natural Sciences

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Scores

Astronomy

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HR Diagram: Add brief definition or description  Neutron star: the remnant of a star that had sufficient mass to explode in a supernova, but not so much mass that it forms a black hole instead of a neutron star. [e] William Herschel: Add brief definition or description Asteroid belt: Add brief definition or description Binary star: Add brief definition or description Celestial coordinates: Any of a number of reference systems designed to specify the positions of celestial objects. [e] Celestial mechanics: Study of the application of the laws of physics to the motions of planets, satellites, and other celestial objects. [e] Cepheid variable: Pulsating variable star which exhibits a relation between period of variation and absolute luminosity as a result of which they are good indicators of cosmic distances. [e] Cosmic microwave background: Add brief definition or description Cosmic rays: Add brief definition or description Eros (asteroid): Add brief definition or description Flare star: Add brief definition or description Galilean satellites: Add brief definition or description H I region: Add brief definition or description H II region: Add brief definition or description Halley's comet: Add brief definition or description Hubble constant: Add brief definition or description Magellanic Clouds: Add brief definition or description Nebula: Add brief definition or description Nova: Add brief definition or description Orion nebula: Add brief definition or description 2006 definition of planet: Add brief definition or description Extrasolar Planet: Add brief definition or description Scattered disc: Add brief definition or description Meteroid: Add brief definition or description Dust: Add brief definition or description Oort Cloud: Add brief definition or description Walter Baade: Add brief definition or description Friedrich Bessel: Add brief definition or description Planetary nebula: Add brief definition or description Pleiades: Add brief definition or description Proper motion: Add brief definition or description Pulsar: Add brief definition or description

Quasar: Add brief definition or description Solar eclipse: Add brief definition or description Solar wind: Add brief definition or description Star formation: Add brief definition or description Stellar evolution: Add brief definition or description Stellar parallax: Add brief definition or description Stellar populations: Add brief definition or description Sunspots: Add brief definition or description White dwarf: Add brief definition or description Henrietta Leavitt: Add brief definition or description Edward C. Pickering: Add brief definition or description Henry Norris Russell: Add brief definition or description Harlow Shapley: Add brief definition or description European Space Agency: Add brief definition or description Royal Astronomical Society: Add brief definition or description Palomar Observatory: Add brief definition or description Annie Jump Cannon: Add brief definition or description Alvan Clark: Add brief definition or description George Ellery Hale: Add brief definition or description Edwin Hubble: Add brief definition or description Gerard Kuiper: Add brief definition or description

Biology

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Biochemistry

• Protein synthesis: Add brief definition or description
• Oxidative phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
• Anaerobic respiration: Add brief definition or description
• Active site: Add brief definition or description
• ATP synthase: Add brief definition or description
• Carbohydrate: Add brief definition or description
• Chemiosmosis: Add brief definition or description
• Electron transport chain: Add brief definition or description
• Enzyme kinetics: Add brief definition or description
• Glycoprotein: Add brief definition or description
• Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Add brief definition or description
• Myosin: Add brief definition or description
• Protein phosphorylation: Add brief definition or description
• Polysaccharide: Add brief definition or description
• Proteolysis: Add brief definition or description
• Receptor (biochemistry): Add brief definition or description
• Redox: Add brief definition or description
• Substrate (biology): Add brief definition or description
•  Vitamin: Add brief definition or description

Biography

• James Watson: Add brief definition or description

Botany

• Xylem: Add brief definition or description
• Ethylene: Add brief definition or description
• Auxin: Add brief definition or description
• Calvin cycle: Add brief definition or description
• Cellulose: Add brief definition or description
• Chlorophyll: Add brief definition or description
• Gibberellin: Add brief definition or description
• Gravitropism: Add brief definition or description
• Phloem: Add brief definition or description
• Plasmolysis: Add brief definition or description
• Seed: Add brief definition or description
• Starch: Add brief definition or description
• Stoma: Add brief definition or description

Cell Biology

• Cell Biology: Add brief definition or description
• Phospholipid bilayer: Add brief definition or description
• Flagellum: Add brief definition or description
• Biological membrane: Add brief definition or description
• Cell wall: Add brief definition or description
• Cytoplasm: Add brief definition or description
• Cytosol: Add brief definition or description
• Endoplasmic reticulum: Add brief definition or description
• Fluid mosaic model: Add brief definition or description
• Microtubules: Add brief definition or description
• Pseudopod: Add brief definition or description
• Ribosome: Add brief definition or description
• Vacuole: Add brief definition or description
• Vesicle (biology): Add brief definition or description

Developmental Biology

• Developmental Biology: Add brief definition or description
• Calcium wave: Add brief definition or description
• Zygote: Add brief definition or description

Ecology

• Chemoautotrophic: Add brief definition or description
• Parasitism: Add brief definition or description
• Carbon cycle: Add brief definition or description
• Ecological niche: Add brief definition or description
• Fundamental niche: Add brief definition or description
• Growth curve: Add brief definition or description
• Herbivore: Add brief definition or description
• Hibernation: Add brief definition or description
• Insectivores: Add brief definition or description
• Invasive species: Add brief definition or description
• Predation: Add brief definition or description

Evolution

• Microevolution: Add brief definition or description
• Speciation: Add brief definition or description
• Phylogeny: Add brief definition or description
• Endosymbiosis: Add brief definition or description
• Convergent evolution: Add brief definition or description
• Evolutionary tree: Add brief definition or description
• Genetic drift: Add brief definition or description
• Homology (biology): Add brief definition or description
• Molecular clock: Add brief definition or description
• Monophyletic: Add brief definition or description
• Muller's ratchet: Add brief definition or description

Genetics

• Chromosome: Add brief definition or description
• Mendelian inheritance: Add brief definition or description
• Acquired characteristics: Add brief definition or description
• Adaptive radiation: Add brief definition or description
• Autosome: Add brief definition or description
• Centromere: Add brief definition or description
• Chiasma: Add brief definition or description
• Chromatid: Add brief definition or description
• Chromatin: Add brief definition or description
• Codon: Add brief definition or description
• Diploid: Add brief definition or description
• Double helix: Add brief definition or description
• Exon: Add brief definition or description
• Gamete: Add brief definition or description
•  Gene: Add brief definition or description
• Genetic recombination: Add brief definition or description
•  Genome: Add brief definition or description
• Haploid: Add brief definition or description
• Heredity: Add brief definition or description
• Hermaphrodite: Add brief definition or description
• Heterochromatin: Add brief definition or description
• Heterozygote: Add brief definition or description
• Homozygote: Add brief definition or description
• Locus (genetics): Add brief definition or description
• Lyon hypothesis: Add brief definition or description
• Meiosis: Add brief definition or description
• Mutagen: Add brief definition or description
• Oncogene: Add brief definition or description
• Punnett square: Add brief definition or description
• Quantitative trait loci: Add brief definition or description
• Recombination: Add brief definition or description
• Sexual reproduction: Add brief definition or description
• Sister chromatid: Add brief definition or description
• Splicing (genetics): Add brief definition or description
• Telomere: Add brief definition or description
• Trait (biology): Add brief definition or description
• Wobble base pair: Add brief definition or description
• X chromosome: Add brief definition or description
• Y chromosome: Add brief definition or description

Molecular Biology

• Molecular Biology: Add brief definition or description
• Transcription (genetics): Add brief definition or description
• DNA replication: Add brief definition or description
• Enhancer: Add brief definition or description
• Homeobox: Add brief definition or description
• Lac repressor: Add brief definition or description
• Microarray: Add brief definition or description
• Non-coding RNA: Add brief definition or description
• Okazaki fragment: Add brief definition or description
• Operon: Add brief definition or description
• Plasmid: Add brief definition or description
• Promoter: Add brief definition or description
• Transcription factor: Add brief definition or description
• Transformation (genetics): Add brief definition or description

Physiology

• Circadian rhythm: Add brief definition or description
• Senescence: Add brief definition or description
• Vision: Add brief definition or description
• Systems biology: Add brief definition or description

Taxonomy

• Phylogeny: Add brief definition or description
• Amniota: Add brief definition or description
• Cyanobacteria: Add brief definition or description
• Drosophila melanogaster: Add brief definition or description
• Vertebrata: Add brief definition or description

Chemistry

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Electrochemistry: Add brief definition or description Gibb's free energy: Add brief definition or description Functional group: Add brief definition or description Bronstad-Lowry acid-base theory: Add brief definition or description Oxidation-reduction chemistry: Add brief definition or description Reaction mechanisms: Add brief definition or description Catalyst: Add brief definition or description Equilibrium constant: Add brief definition or description LeChatelier's principle: Add brief definition or description Metathesis reactions: Add brief definition or description Pauli exclusion principle: Add brief definition or description Rate-determining step: Add brief definition or description Reaction mechanism: Add brief definition or description Net ionic equation: Add brief definition or description Osmosis: Add brief definition or description Photoelectric effect: Add brief definition or description Rate law: Add brief definition or description Aldehyde: Add brief definition or description Covalent bond: Add brief definition or description Ionic bond: Add brief definition or description Lanthanides: Add brief definition or description Law of mass action: Add brief definition or description Law of multiple proportions: Add brief definition or description Ligand: Add brief definition or description Lipids: Add brief definition or description Markownikoff's rule: Add brief definition or description Mass number: Add brief definition or description Metals: Add brief definition or description Metaloids: Add brief definition or description Molecular equation: Add brief definition or description Molecular formula: Add brief definition or description

Nernst equation: Add brief definition or description Nitric Acid: Add brief definition or description Ostwald process: Add brief definition or description Oxidation state: Add brief definition or description Paramagnetic: Add brief definition or description Double bond: Add brief definition or description Formula weight: Add brief definition or description Halides: Add brief definition or description Hexagonal closest-packed structure: Add brief definition or description Hund's rule: Add brief definition or description Peptide bond: Add brief definition or description Period (of the periodic table): Add brief definition or description Periodic law: Add brief definition or description Pi bond: Add brief definition or description Polar covalent bond: Add brief definition or description Raoult's law: Add brief definition or description Rate constant: Add brief definition or description Reaction intermediate: Add brief definition or description Reaction quotient: Add brief definition or description Reduction: Add brief definition or description Saponification: Add brief definition or description Saturated fat: Add brief definition or description Sigma bond: Add brief definition or description Solubility-product constant: Add brief definition or description Solvay process: Add brief definition or description Transition elements: Add brief definition or description Zwitterion: Add brief definition or description

Earth science

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El-Niño Southern Oscillation: Add brief definition or description Lithosphere: Add brief definition or description North Atlantic Oscillation: Add brief definition or description Ocean: Add brief definition or description Petroleum: Add brief definition or description Crust: Add brief definition or description Erosion: Add brief definition or description Holocene: Add brief definition or description Ice age: Add brief definition or description Landslide: Add brief definition or description Mantle (geology): Add brief definition or description Paleontology: Add brief definition or description Pleistocene: Add brief definition or description Thermohaline circulation: Add brief definition or description Volcano: Add brief definition or description Weather: Add brief definition or description Asbestos: Add brief definition or description Biosphere: Add brief definition or description Cainozoic: Add brief definition or description Calcite: Add brief definition or description Carbonate platform: Add brief definition or description Cave: Add brief definition or description Climate model: Add brief definition or description Cloud (meteorology): Add brief definition or description Current: Add brief definition or description Earth's magnetic field: Add brief definition or description Feldspar: Add brief definition or description Flood: Add brief definition or description Fold (geology): Add brief definition or description

Gem: Add brief definition or description Geochemistry: Add brief definition or description Geomagnetic reversal: Add brief definition or description Granite: Add brief definition or description Gulf Stream: Add brief definition or description Ice cap: Add brief definition or description Karst: Add brief definition or description Limestone: Add brief definition or description Mesozoic: Add brief definition or description Mineral: Add brief definition or description Monsoon: Add brief definition or description Nucleus (geology): Add brief definition or description Olivine: Add brief definition or description Ore: Add brief definition or description Ore mining: Add brief definition or description Orogeny: Add brief definition or description Ozone depletion: Add brief definition or description Paleoclimatology: Add brief definition or description Paleozoic: Add brief definition or description Peridotite: Add brief definition or description Plate (geology): Add brief definition or description Precambrian: Add brief definition or description Precipitation: Add brief definition or description Quarry: Add brief definition or description Quartz: Add brief definition or description Quaternary (disambiguation) Radiocarbon: Add brief definition or description Rain: Add brief definition or description  River: Add brief definition or description Sea level change: Add brief definition or description Sedimentology: Add brief definition or description Seismology: Add brief definition or description  Soil: Add brief definition or description Thunderstorm: Add brief definition or description Tornado (wind): Add brief definition or description Tunnel: Add brief definition or description (also under Civil engineering?) Water table: Add brief definition or description Zircon: Add brief definition or description

Mathematics

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Exponentiation: Add brief definition or description Geometry Angle: Add brief definition or description Circle (disambiguation) Sphere (disambiguation) Cone: Add brief definition or description Differential geometry: Add brief definition or description Homology: Add brief definition or description Poincaré conjecture: Add brief definition or description Calculus Trigonometry: Add brief definition or description Polar coordinate: Add brief definition or description Limit: Add brief definition or description Differential calculus: Add brief definition or description Jacobian matrix: Add brief definition or description Fundamental Theorem of Calculus: Add brief definition or description Convolution: Add brief definition or description Analysis Analysis (disambiguation) Mean value theorem: Add brief definition or description Taylor's theorem: Add brief definition or description Harmonic analysis: Add brief definition or description Harmonic function: Add brief definition or description Laplace transform: Add brief definition or description Jensen's inequality: Add brief definition or description Borel measure: Add brief definition or description Lebesgue measure: Add brief definition or description Lebesgue integral: Add brief definition or description Riemann integral: Add brief definition or description Complex analysis De Moivre's identity: Add brief definition or description Euler formula: Add brief definition or description Complex logarithm: Add brief definition or description Complex exponentiation: Add brief definition or description Cauchy–Riemann equations: Add brief definition or description Pole (mathematics): Add brief definition or description Meromorphic function: Add brief definition or description Residue (disambiguation) Cauchy's integral theorem: Add brief definition or description Cauchy's integral formula: Add brief definition or description Contour integral: Add brief definition or description Analytic continuation: Add brief definition or description Riemann hypothesis: Add brief definition or description Functional analysis Functional analysis: Add brief definition or description Lp space: Add brief definition or description Hölder's inequality: Add brief definition or description Tempered distribution: Add brief definition or description Sobolev space: Add brief definition or description Operator theory: Add brief definition or description Adjoint (disambiguation) Riesz representation theorem: Add brief definition or description

Differential equations Ordinary differential equation: Add brief definition or description Linear differential equation: Add brief definition or description First order ordinary differential equation: Add brief definition or description Laplace equation: Add brief definition or description Poisson's equation: Add brief definition or description Wave equation: Add brief definition or description Poisson kernel: Add brief definition or description Dirichlet problem: Add brief definition or description Boundary value problem: Add brief definition or description K-theory: Add brief definition or description Algebra Quadratic form: Add brief definition or description Group representation: Add brief definition or description Field theory: Add brief definition or description Abel–Ruffini theorem: Add brief definition or description Lie group: Add brief definition or description Linear algebra System of linear equations: Add brief definition or description Basis (mathematics): Add brief definition or description Matrix theory Matrix multiplication: Add brief definition or description Determinant (disambiguation) Spectral theorem: Add brief definition or description Stochastic matrix: Add brief definition or description Set theory Russell's paradox: Add brief definition or description Banach–Tarski paradox: Add brief definition or description Continuum: Add brief definition or description Function (disambiguation) Bijection: Add brief definition or description Logic Mathematical logic: Add brief definition or description Mathematical proof: Add brief definition or description Proof by contradiction: Add brief definition or description Gödel's incompleteness theorem: Add brief definition or description Philosophy of mathematics: Add brief definition or description Probability Probability theory: Add brief definition or description Statistical hypothesis testing: Add brief definition or description Mean: Add brief definition or description Variance: Add brief definition or description Moment (mathematics): Add brief definition or description Moment-generating function: Add brief definition or description Central limit theorem: Add brief definition or description Cauchy distribution: Add brief definition or description Stochastic calculus: Add brief definition or description Itô calculus: Add brief definition or description Stochastic differential equation: Add brief definition or description Chapman–Kolmogorov equation: Add brief definition or description Lévy process: Add brief definition or description Poisson process: Add brief definition or description Random walk (disambiguation) Applied Dynamical system: Add brief definition or description Ergodic theory: Add brief definition or description Mathematical model: Add brief definition or description Variational calculus: Add brief definition or description History History of mathematics: Add brief definition or description Augustin Louis Cauchy: Add brief definition or description Pierre-Simon Laplace: Add brief definition or description David Hilbert: Add brief definition or description Gottfried Leibniz: Add brief definition or description John von Neumann: Add brief definition or description Siméon Denis Poisson: Add brief definition or description Henri Poincaré: Add brief definition or description Fields medal: Add brief definition or description

Physics

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String theory: Add brief definition or description General relativity: Add brief definition or description Mathematical physics: Add brief definition or description Statistical mechanics: Add brief definition or description Optics: Add brief definition or description Condensed matter physics: Add brief definition or description Atomic, molecular, and optical physics: Add brief definition or description Nuclear physics: Add brief definition or description Materials physics: Add brief definition or description Computational physics: Add brief definition or description Standard Model: Add brief definition or description Particle accelerators: Add brief definition or description Huygen's principle: Add brief definition or description Lagrangian mechanics: Add brief definition or description Wave: Add brief definition or description Standing waves: Add brief definition or description Harmonic oscillator: Add brief definition or description Relativistic quantum mechanics: Add brief definition or description Fluid: Add brief definition or description Perturbation theory: Add brief definition or description Strong force: Add brief definition or description Fermion: Add brief definition or description  Lepton: Add brief definition or description  Hadron: Add brief definition or description Dirac equation: Add brief definition or description Klein-Gordon equation: Add brief definition or description Čerenkov radiation: Add brief definition or description Refractive index: Add brief definition or description Ferromagnetism: Add brief definition or description

Paramagnetism: Add brief definition or description Diamagnetism: Add brief definition or description  Semiconductor: Add brief definition or description Bernouilli's equation: Add brief definition or description Viscosity: Add brief definition or description Pascal's principle: Add brief definition or description Rutherford scattering: Add brief definition or description Quantum field theory: Add brief definition or description Charge (disambiguation) Four vector: Add brief definition or description Photo-electric effect: Add brief definition or description Blackbody radiation: Add brief definition or description Supersymmetry: Add brief definition or description Electroweak unification: Add brief definition or description Grand unified theory: Add brief definition or description Quantum harmonic oscillator: Add brief definition or description Double beta decay: Add brief definition or description Large extra dimension: Add brief definition or description Millikan oildrop experiment: Add brief definition or description Michelson-Morley experiment: Add brief definition or description Polarization (disambiguation) Archimedes' principle: Add brief definition or description Tensor: Add brief definition or description Potential energy: Add brief definition or description Electric potential: Add brief definition or description