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The '''Bullingdon Club''' is a long-established club for students at the University of Oxford]].<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>
The '''Bullingdon Club''' is a long-established club for students at the University of Oxford.<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>


Originally founded as a sports club in the 19th century, it became notorious for vandalism, sexism, drunken rowdiness, and elitism.<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/> By the 21st century the degenerate behaviour of club members &mdash; including future Tory ministers like Cameron, Osborne, Gove, and Johnson &mdash; had caused the club membership to dwindle.<ref name=BBCNews2010-05-11/> In 2018, the Oxford Conservative Party Association]] barred Club members from leadership positions within the Association.<ref name=theguardian2018-10-14/>
Originally founded as a sports club in the 19th century, it became notorious for vandalism, sexism, drunken rowdiness, and elitism.<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/> By the 21st century the degenerate behaviour of club members &mdash; including future Tory ministers like Cameron, Osborne, Gove, and Johnson &mdash; had caused the club membership to dwindle.<ref name=BBCNews2010-05-11/> In 2018, the Oxford Conservative Party Association barred Club members from leadership positions within the Association.<ref name=theguardian2018-10-14/>


When Johnson was Prime Minister he was criticized for appointing individuals, who had been his friends in the club, to posts for which they seem unqualified.<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>
When Johnson was Prime Minister he was criticized for appointing individuals, who had been his friends in the club, to posts for which they seem unqualified.<ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>


Johnson was widely criticized for appointing former Bullingdon Club member Ewen Fergusson]] to the Committee on Standards in Public Life]] - a committee intended to rout out corrupt activities.<ref name=Mirror2021-08-02/>  Ferguson was the 173 choice in a ranking of possible candidates for committee membership.<ref name=independent2021-08-02/>
Johnson was widely criticized for appointing former Bullingdon Club member Ewen Fergusson to the Committee on Standards in Public Life - a committee intended to rout out corrupt activities.<ref name=Mirror2021-08-02/>  Ferguson was the 173 choice in a ranking of possible candidates for committee membership.<ref name=independent2021-08-02/>


Even after the earlier criticism for appointing other friends of his, on September 2, 2022 - less than a week before his scheduled retirement as Prime Minister, Johnson appointed former club member Harry Mount]] to the House of Lords appointments commission]].<ref name=theguardian2022-09-02/> Mount is the author of ''The Wit and Wisdom of Boris Johnson'', which is not a satire]].
Even after the earlier criticism for appointing other friends of his, on September 2, 2022 - less than a week before his scheduled retirement as Prime Minister, Johnson appointed former club member Harry Mount to the House of Lords appointments commission.<ref name=theguardian2022-09-02/> Mount is the author of ''The Wit and Wisdom of Boris Johnson'', which is not a satire.


The club was mocked by Evelyn Waugh]] in ''Brideshead Revisited]]'' and ''Decline and Fall]]'', and in the 2014 film ''The Riot Club]]''.<ref name=radiotimes2017-03-31/><ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>
The club was mocked by Evelyn Waugh in ''Brideshead Revisited'' and ''Decline and Fall'', and in the 2014 film ''The Riot Club''.<ref name=radiotimes2017-03-31/><ref name=theguardian2022-06-16/>


==Members include==
==Members include==
Line 18: Line 18:
! name || period || notes
! name || period || notes
|-
|-
| Prince of Wales]] || 1913 || His mother Queen Mary]], forced him to resign.<ref name=nytimes1913-05-28/>
| Prince of Wales || 1913 || His mother Queen Mary, forced him to resign.<ref name=nytimes1913-05-28/>
|-
|-
| Edward Sebastian Grigg]] || 1980s ||
| Edward Sebastian Grigg || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| David Cameron]] || 1980s || Later served as Prime Minister.
| David Cameron || 1980s || Later served as Prime Minister.
|-
|-
| Ralph Perry Robinson]] || 1980s ||
| Ralph Perry Robinson || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| Ewen Fergusson]] || 1980s ||
| Ewen Fergusson || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| Matthew Benson]] || 1980s ||
| Matthew Benson || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| Sebastian James]] || 1980s ||
| Sebastian James || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| Jonathan Ford]] || 1980s ||
| Jonathan Ford || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| Boris Johnson]] || 1980s || Later served as Prime Minister.
| Boris Johnson || 1980s || Later served as Prime Minister.
|-
|-
| Harry Eastwood]] || 1980s ||
| Harry Eastwood || 1980s ||
|-
|-
| George Osborne]] || 1990s || Served as Chancellor of the Exchequer]].<ref name=nytimes2008-10-22/><ref name=nytimes2009-10-16/>
| George Osborne || 1990s || Served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.<ref name=nytimes2008-10-22/><ref name=nytimes2009-10-16/>
|-
|-
| Nathaniel Rothschild]] || 1990s || A hedge fund financier.<ref name=nytimes2008-10-22/>  Had a high-profile breach in his friendship with fellow Bullingdon member George Osborne]].  
| Nathaniel Rothschild || 1990s || A hedge fund financier.<ref name=nytimes2008-10-22/>  Had a high-profile breach in his friendship with fellow Bullingdon member George Osborne.  
|-
|-
| Jason Gissing]] || 1990s || A founder of Ocado]], a successful online grocery delivery service.<ref name=theguardian2008-10-26/><ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
| Jason Gissing || 1990s || A founder of Ocado, a successful online grocery delivery service.<ref name=theguardian2008-10-26/><ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
|-
|-
| Chris Coleridge]] || 1990s || From the Coleridge family of publishers, he founded a firm that successfully marketed "vitamin water".<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
| Chris Coleridge || 1990s || From the Coleridge family of publishers, he founded a firm that successfully marketed "vitamin water".<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
|-
|-
| Lupus von Maltzahn]] || 1990s || A German from a family with inherited wealth.<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
| Lupus von Maltzahn || 1990s || A German from a family with inherited wealth.<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
|-
|-
| Mark Petre]] || 1990s || Heir to a hereditary title, died in 2004, if his father had pre-deceased him he would have been the 19th Baron Petre]].<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
| Mark Petre || 1990s || Heir to a hereditary title, died in 2004, if his father had pre-deceased him he would have been the 19th Baron Petre.<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
|-
|-
| Peter Holmes a Court]] || 1990s || A theatre empressario and owner of a Rugby club]].<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
| Peter Holmes a Court || 1990s || A theatre empressario and owner of a Rugby club.<ref name=dailymail2007-04-07/>
|-
|-
| Michael Gove]] || 1990s || ''"Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, former president of the Oxford Union"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
| Michael Gove || 1990s || ''"Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, former president of the Oxford Union"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
|-
|-
| Adam Bruce]] || 1990s || ''"Son of the Earl of Elgin]] and incumbent Unicorn Pursuivant of Arms]]"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
| Adam Bruce || 1990s || ''"Son of the Earl of Elgin and incumbent Unicorn Pursuivant of Arms"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
|-
|-
| Edward Vaizey]] || 1990s || ''"son of Lord Vaizey and the Shadow Minister for Culture"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
| Edward Vaizey || 1990s || ''"son of Lord Vaizey and the Shadow Minister for Culture"''.<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
|-
|-
| Nicholas Boles]] || 1990s || ''"Founder of Think Tank Policy Exchange, and conservative activist."''<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
| Nicholas Boles || 1990s || ''"Founder of Think Tank Policy Exchange, and conservative activist."''<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
|-
|-
| Steven Hilton]] || 1990s || ''"director of strategy for Cameron and godfather of Cameron’s children."''<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
| Steven Hilton || 1990s || ''"director of strategy for Cameron and godfather of Cameron’s children."''<ref name=TheBullingdonClub2010-03-14/>
|}
|}


Line 69: Line 69:
| url        = https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-447223/Oxford-1992-Portrait-classless-Tory.html
| url        = https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-447223/Oxford-1992-Portrait-classless-Tory.html
| title      = Oxford 1992: Portrait of a 'classless' Tory
| title      = Oxford 1992: Portrait of a 'classless' Tory
| work        = Daily Mail]]
| work        = Daily Mail
| date        = 2007-04-07
| date        = 2007-04-07
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220804151022/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-447223/Oxford-1992-Portrait-classless-Tory.html
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220804151022/https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-447223/Oxford-1992-Portrait-classless-Tory.html
Line 84: Line 84:
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/1927/02/23/archives/smash-windows-at-oxford-bullingdon-club-students-stage-disorder-at.html
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/1927/02/23/archives/smash-windows-at-oxford-bullingdon-club-students-stage-disorder-at.html
| title      = SMASH WINDOWS AT OXFORD; Bullingdon Club Students Stage Disorder at Christ Church College.
| title      = SMASH WINDOWS AT OXFORD; Bullingdon Club Students Stage Disorder at Christ Church College.
| work        = New York Times]]
| work        = New York Times
| author      =  
| author      =  
| date        = 1927-02-23
| date        = 1927-02-23
Line 104: Line 104:
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/1913/05/28/archives/wales-in-trouble-over-club-supper-queen-mary-orders-the-prince-to.html
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/1913/05/28/archives/wales-in-trouble-over-club-supper-queen-mary-orders-the-prince-to.html
| title      = WALES IN TROUBLE OVER CLUB SUPPER; Queen Mary Orders the Prince to Resign from the Lively Bullingdon at Oxford.
| title      = WALES IN TROUBLE OVER CLUB SUPPER; Queen Mary Orders the Prince to Resign from the Lively Bullingdon at Oxford.
| work        = New York Times]]
| work        = New York Times
| author      =  
| author      =  
| date        = 1913-05-28
| date        = 1913-05-28
Line 124: Line 124:
| url        = https://hitchensblog.mailonsunday.co.uk/2008/10/who-doctored-th.html
| url        = https://hitchensblog.mailonsunday.co.uk/2008/10/who-doctored-th.html
| title      = Who doctored the toffs?
| title      = Who doctored the toffs?
| work        = Mail on Sunday]]
| work        = Mail on Sunday
| author      = Peter Hitchens
| author      = Peter Hitchens
| date        = 2008-10-25
| date        = 2008-10-25
Line 140: Line 140:
| url        = https://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/the-bullingdon-club/
| url        = https://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/the-bullingdon-club/
| title      = The Bullingdon Club
| title      = The Bullingdon Club
| work        = Iconic photos]]
| work        = Iconic photos
| author      =  
| author      =  
| date        = 2010-03-14
| date        = 2010-03-14
Line 283: Line 283:
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/world/europe/22iht-britain.4.17177066.html
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/22/world/europe/22iht-britain.4.17177066.html
| title      = The whiff of scandal stinks in crisis-struck U.K.
| title      = The whiff of scandal stinks in crisis-struck U.K.
| work        = New York Times]]
| work        = New York Times
| date        = 2008-10-22
| date        = 2008-10-22
| page        =  
| page        =  
Line 303: Line 303:
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/business/global/17debt.html
| url        = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/business/global/17debt.html
| title      = In Britain, a Soaring Deficit Lifts a Hawk
| title      = In Britain, a Soaring Deficit Lifts a Hawk
| work        = New York Times]]
| work        = New York Times
| author      = Landon Thomas Jr.
| author      = Landon Thomas Jr.
| date        = 2009-10-16
| date        = 2009-10-16
| page        = B1
| page        = B1
| location    = Manchester]]
| location    = Manchester
| archiveurl  =  
| archiveurl  =  
| archivedate =  
| archivedate =  
Line 321: Line 321:
| url        = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-sleaze-committee-standards-public-life-b1895212.html
| url        = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-sleaze-committee-standards-public-life-b1895212.html
| title      = Government passed over 171 candidates to pick Bullingdon Club ‘chum’ of Boris Johnson for sleaze watchdog role
| title      = Government passed over 171 candidates to pick Bullingdon Club ‘chum’ of Boris Johnson for sleaze watchdog role
| work        = The Independent]]
| work        = The Independent
| author      = Jon Stone
| author      = Jon Stone
| date        = 2021-08-02
| date        = 2021-08-02
Line 336: Line 336:
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/14/bullingdon-is-on-its-uppers-lets-celebrate-by-trashing-a-restaurant
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/14/bullingdon-is-on-its-uppers-lets-celebrate-by-trashing-a-restaurant
| title      = The Bullingdon is on its uppers. Let’s all celebrate by trashing a restaurant
| title      = The Bullingdon is on its uppers. Let’s all celebrate by trashing a restaurant
| work        = The Guardian]]
| work        = The Guardian
| author      = Barbara Ellen
| author      = Barbara Ellen
| date        = 2018-10-14
| date        = 2018-10-14
| location    = University of Oxford]]
| location    = University of Oxford
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220212023207/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/14/bullingdon-is-on-its-uppers-lets-celebrate-by-trashing-a-restaurant
| archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20220212023207/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/14/bullingdon-is-on-its-uppers-lets-celebrate-by-trashing-a-restaurant
| archivedate = 2022-02-12
| archivedate = 2022-02-12
Line 353: Line 353:
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/02/boris-johnson-gives-peerages-job-author-book-wit-wisdom-harry-mount
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/02/boris-johnson-gives-peerages-job-author-book-wit-wisdom-harry-mount
| title      = Boris Johnson gives peerages job to author of book on his ‘wit and wisdom’
| title      = Boris Johnson gives peerages job to author of book on his ‘wit and wisdom’
| work        = The Guardian]]
| work        = The Guardian
| author      = Matthew Weaver, Henry Dyer
| author      = Matthew Weaver, Henry Dyer
| date        = 2022-09-02
| date        = 2022-09-02
Line 369: Line 369:
| url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8661964.stm
| url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8661964.stm
| title      = David Cameron: Life and times of new UK Prime Minister
| title      = David Cameron: Life and times of new UK Prime Minister
| work        = BBC News]]
| work        = BBC News
| author      = Brian Wheeler
| author      = Brian Wheeler
| date        = 2010-05-11
| date        = 2010-05-11
Line 385: Line 385:
| url        = https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/boris-johnsons-bullingdon-club-chum-24669503
| url        = https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/boris-johnsons-bullingdon-club-chum-24669503
| title      = Boris Johnson's Bullingdon club 'chum' selected out of 173 applicants for sleaze watchdog
| title      = Boris Johnson's Bullingdon club 'chum' selected out of 173 applicants for sleaze watchdog
| work        = The Mirror]]
| work        = The Mirror
| author      = Rachel Wearmouth
| author      = Rachel Wearmouth
| date        = 2021-08-02
| date        = 2021-08-02
Line 405: Line 405:
| url        = https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/comedy/did-decline-and-falls-bollinger-club-really-exist-evelyn-waugh-and-his-bullingdon-club-inspiration/     
| url        = https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/comedy/did-decline-and-falls-bollinger-club-really-exist-evelyn-waugh-and-his-bullingdon-club-inspiration/     
| title      = Did Decline and Fall's Bollinger Club really exist? Evelyn Waugh and his Bullingdon Club inspiration
| title      = Did Decline and Fall's Bollinger Club really exist? Evelyn Waugh and his Bullingdon Club inspiration
| work        = Radio Times]]
| work        = Radio Times
| author      =  Eleanor Bley Griffiths
| author      =  Eleanor Bley Griffiths
| date        = 2017-03-31
| date        = 2017-03-31
Line 440: Line 440:
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/07/oxford-bullingdon-club-boris-johnson-sexism-violence-bullying-culture
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/07/oxford-bullingdon-club-boris-johnson-sexism-violence-bullying-culture
| title      = Sexism, vandalism and bullying: inside the Boris Johnson-era Bullingdon Club
| title      = Sexism, vandalism and bullying: inside the Boris Johnson-era Bullingdon Club
| work        = The Guardian]]
| work        = The Guardian
| author      = Harriet Sherwood
| author      = Harriet Sherwood
| date        = 2019-07-07
| date        = 2019-07-07
Line 456: Line 456:
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2008/oct/26/george-osborne-nat-rothschild
| url        = https://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2008/oct/26/george-osborne-nat-rothschild
| title      = George Osborne, Nat Rothschild and the curious case of a Bullingdon Club picture
| title      = George Osborne, Nat Rothschild and the curious case of a Bullingdon Club picture
| work        = The Guardian]]
| work        = The Guardian
| author      = Steve Busfield
| author      = Steve Busfield
| date        = 2008-10-26
| date        = 2008-10-26

Revision as of 18:47, 3 April 2024

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The Bullingdon Club is a long-established club for students at the University of Oxford.[1]

Originally founded as a sports club in the 19th century, it became notorious for vandalism, sexism, drunken rowdiness, and elitism.[1] By the 21st century the degenerate behaviour of club members — including future Tory ministers like Cameron, Osborne, Gove, and Johnson — had caused the club membership to dwindle.[2] In 2018, the Oxford Conservative Party Association barred Club members from leadership positions within the Association.[3]

When Johnson was Prime Minister he was criticized for appointing individuals, who had been his friends in the club, to posts for which they seem unqualified.[1]

Johnson was widely criticized for appointing former Bullingdon Club member Ewen Fergusson to the Committee on Standards in Public Life - a committee intended to rout out corrupt activities.[4] Ferguson was the 173 choice in a ranking of possible candidates for committee membership.[5]

Even after the earlier criticism for appointing other friends of his, on September 2, 2022 - less than a week before his scheduled retirement as Prime Minister, Johnson appointed former club member Harry Mount to the House of Lords appointments commission.[6] Mount is the author of The Wit and Wisdom of Boris Johnson, which is not a satire.

The club was mocked by Evelyn Waugh in Brideshead Revisited and Decline and Fall, and in the 2014 film The Riot Club.[7][1]

Members include

Members include
name period notes
Prince of Wales 1913 His mother Queen Mary, forced him to resign.[8]
Edward Sebastian Grigg 1980s
David Cameron 1980s Later served as Prime Minister.
Ralph Perry Robinson 1980s
Ewen Fergusson 1980s
Matthew Benson 1980s
Sebastian James 1980s
Jonathan Ford 1980s
Boris Johnson 1980s Later served as Prime Minister.
Harry Eastwood 1980s
George Osborne 1990s Served as Chancellor of the Exchequer.[9][10]
Nathaniel Rothschild 1990s A hedge fund financier.[9] Had a high-profile breach in his friendship with fellow Bullingdon member George Osborne.
Jason Gissing 1990s A founder of Ocado, a successful online grocery delivery service.[11][12]
Chris Coleridge 1990s From the Coleridge family of publishers, he founded a firm that successfully marketed "vitamin water".[12]
Lupus von Maltzahn 1990s A German from a family with inherited wealth.[12]
Mark Petre 1990s Heir to a hereditary title, died in 2004, if his father had pre-deceased him he would have been the 19th Baron Petre.[12]
Peter Holmes a Court 1990s A theatre empressario and owner of a Rugby club.[12]
Michael Gove 1990s "Shadow Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, former president of the Oxford Union".[13]
Adam Bruce 1990s "Son of the Earl of Elgin and incumbent Unicorn Pursuivant of Arms".[13]
Edward Vaizey 1990s "son of Lord Vaizey and the Shadow Minister for Culture".[13]
Nicholas Boles 1990s "Founder of Think Tank Policy Exchange, and conservative activist."[13]
Steven Hilton 1990s "director of strategy for Cameron and godfather of Cameron’s children."[13]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Harriet Sherwood. Sexism, vandalism and bullying: inside the Boris Johnson-era Bullingdon Club, The Guardian, 2019-07-07. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “Now new light has been shed on the outrageous antics of the Bullingdon Club – the Oxford University group that may be about to produce its second British prime minister – by someone intimately connected to it during Boris Johnson’s membership.” mirror
  2. ↑ Brian Wheeler. David Cameron: Life and times of new UK Prime Minister, BBC News, 2010-05-11. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “He was captain of Brasenose College's tennis team and a member of the Bullingdon dining club, famed for its hard drinking and bad behaviour, an episode Mr Cameron has always refused to talk about.” mirror
  3. ↑ Barbara Ellen. The Bullingdon is on its uppers. Let’s all celebrate by trashing a restaurant, The Guardian, 2018-10-14. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “While past members include David Cameron, Boris Johnson and George Osborne, people recently invited to join the Bullingdon have been turning it down, those who join are branded “losers” and, in 2016, it was said to be on the brink of closure for lack of members.” mirror
  4. ↑ Rachel Wearmouth. Boris Johnson's Bullingdon club 'chum' selected out of 173 applicants for sleaze watchdog, The Mirror, 2021-08-02. Retrieved on 2022-09-07.
  5. ↑ Jon Stone. Government passed over 171 candidates to pick Bullingdon Club ‘chum’ of Boris Johnson for sleaze watchdog role, The Independent, 2021-08-02. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “The longtime friend of the prime minister was appointed to scrutinise him after an advisory panel had “carefully considered all applications”, she said.”
  6. ↑ Matthew Weaver, Henry Dyer. Boris Johnson gives peerages job to author of book on his ‘wit and wisdom’, The Guardian, 2022-09-02. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “Boris Johnson has sparked fresh accusations of cronyism after choosing the author of a book on his 'wit and wisdom' to help oversee the appointment of new peers to the House of Lords.” mirror
  7. ↑ Eleanor Bley Griffiths. Did Decline and Fall's Bollinger Club really exist? Evelyn Waugh and his Bullingdon Club inspiration, Radio Times, 2017-03-31. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “The Bollinger Club is, of course, a barely-concealed version of the real-life Bullingdon Club.” mirror
  8. ↑ WALES IN TROUBLE OVER CLUB SUPPER; Queen Mary Orders the Prince to Resign from the Lively Bullingdon at Oxford., New York Times, 1913-05-28. Retrieved on 2022-09-07.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 The whiff of scandal stinks in crisis-struck U.K., New York Times, 2008-10-22. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “As for the 37-year-old Osborne, who has been a member of Parliament since the age of 30, he and Rothschild were close friends at Oxford where they belonged to the elite Bullingdon club, an exclusive drinking society whose celebrated wild parties sometimes ended with the destruction of the restaurant or pub where they were held.”
  10. ↑ Landon Thomas Jr.. In Britain, a Soaring Deficit Lifts a Hawk, New York Times, 2009-10-16, p. B1. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “Mr. Cameron, who is close to Mr. Osborne and comes from a similar background, has transcended the ignominy of his membership in the Bullingdon Club, the elite drinking enclave at Oxford. By contrast, Mr. Osborne seems far less removed from the haughty picture of himself and his club members, garbed in bow ties and tails, that has come to define the view that the recast Conservatives still lack a common touch.”
  11. ↑ Steve Busfield. George Osborne, Nat Rothschild and the curious case of a Bullingdon Club picture, The Guardian, 2008-10-26. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “To the left of the middle, there's a mysterious gap where somebody ought to be standing but isn't. Odder still, there's a patch of shirt-front and waistcoat there, with no person attached”
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Oxford 1992: Portrait of a 'classless' Tory, Daily Mail, 2007-04-07. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. mirror
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 The Bullingdon Club, Iconic photos, 2010-03-14. Retrieved on 2022-09-07. “Two figures on left of (6) and (7) were blacked out before the photo was released, causing wild allegations. Their identities are yet unknown.”

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