Back-chaining: Difference between revisions
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'''Back-chaining''' is a useful technique in teaching oral language skills, particularly when it comes to polysyllabic | {{subpages}} | ||
'''Back-chaining''' is a useful technique in teaching [[spoken language|oral language]] skills, particularly when it comes to [[syllable|polysyllabic]] [[word]]s. For example, ‘[[Modest Mussorgsky|Mussorgsky]]’ is a difficult name for many non-Russians. The teacher first gets the students to say the last syllable, ‘-sky’; then to repeat it, with '-sorg-' attached before: ‘-sorgsky’; and then all that remains is the first syllable: ‘Mus-sorg-sky’. This technique is easier for learners than the more obvious front-chaining, starting with the first syllable, as it requires them to put the new element first, where it is less easily forgotten. | |||
Back-chaining also respects the [[phonology|phonological]] structure of [[English language|English]] better than front-chaining: as there is usually no difference in [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence,<ref>Compare ''psychological'' in isolation, ''it's psychological'' and ''psychological profile'', where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.</ref> it is arguably better to begin with the final syllable (main stress in '''bold'''): | |||
''Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma':'' | |||
:(1) ''Front-chaining'': [ə] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''.mə] | |||
:(2) ''Back-chaining'': [mə] - ['''ɹəʊ'''.mə] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''.mə] | |||
In English, syllables tend to follow a stressed-unstressed pattern, e.g. ''happy'' (though there are many exceptions). The order ''-ma'', ''-roma'' and ''aroma'' respects this. Starting with ''a-'' and ''aro-'' entails reversing this pattern, which complicates learning. Teachers might also choose to present a chain as pairs of syllables, e.g. beginning with ''-roma'', then ''aroma'': this introduces the strong-weak stress pattern from the outset. | |||
==Footnotes== | |||
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Latest revision as of 18:28, 27 December 2007
Back-chaining is a useful technique in teaching oral language skills, particularly when it comes to polysyllabic words. For example, ‘Mussorgsky’ is a difficult name for many non-Russians. The teacher first gets the students to say the last syllable, ‘-sky’; then to repeat it, with '-sorg-' attached before: ‘-sorgsky’; and then all that remains is the first syllable: ‘Mus-sorg-sky’. This technique is easier for learners than the more obvious front-chaining, starting with the first syllable, as it requires them to put the new element first, where it is less easily forgotten.
Back-chaining also respects the phonological structure of English better than front-chaining: as there is usually no difference in stress between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence,[1] it is arguably better to begin with the final syllable (main stress in bold):
Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma':
- (1) Front-chaining: [ə] - [ə.ɹəʊ] - [ə.ɹəʊ.mə]
- (2) Back-chaining: [mə] - [ɹəʊ.mə] - [ə.ɹəʊ.mə]
In English, syllables tend to follow a stressed-unstressed pattern, e.g. happy (though there are many exceptions). The order -ma, -roma and aroma respects this. Starting with a- and aro- entails reversing this pattern, which complicates learning. Teachers might also choose to present a chain as pairs of syllables, e.g. beginning with -roma, then aroma: this introduces the strong-weak stress pattern from the outset.
Footnotes
- ↑ Compare psychological in isolation, it's psychological and psychological profile, where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.