Back-chaining: Difference between revisions
imported>John Stephenson (Back-chaining better-respects phonology of English) |
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Back-chaining also respects the [[phonology|phonological]] structure of [[English language|English]] better than front-chaining: as there is usually no difference in [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence,<ref>Compare ''psychological'' in isolation, ''it's psychological'' and ''psychological profile'', where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.</ref> it is arguably better to begin with the final syllable (main stress in '''bold'''): | Back-chaining also respects the [[phonology|phonological]] structure of [[English language|English]] better than front-chaining: as there is usually no difference in [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence,<ref>Compare ''psychological'' in isolation, ''it's psychological'' and ''psychological profile'', where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.</ref> it is arguably better to begin with the final syllable (main stress in '''bold'''): | ||
''Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma''' | ''Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma':'' | ||
:(1) ''Front-chaining'': [ə] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''.mə] | :(1) ''Front-chaining'': [ə] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''] - [ə.'''ɹəʊ'''.mə] | ||
Revision as of 18:18, 2 December 2007
Back-chaining is a useful technique in teaching oral language skills, particularly when it comes to polysyllabic words. Suppose, for example, you are teaching someone to pronounce the name ‘Mussorgsky’. First, you get them to say the last syllable, ‘-sky’; then to repeat it, with '-sorg-' attached before: ‘-sorgsky’; and then all that remains is the first syllable: ‘Mus-sorg-sky’. This technique is easier for the learner than the more obvious front-chaining, starting with the first syllable, as it requires the learner to put the new element first, where it is less easily forgotten.
Back-chaining also respects the phonological structure of English better than front-chaining: as there is usually no difference in stress between a word spoken in isolation and one spoken at the end of a sentence,[1] it is arguably better to begin with the final syllable (main stress in bold):
Chaining sequences for the English word 'aroma':
- (1) Front-chaining: [ə] - [ə.ɹəʊ] - [ə.ɹəʊ.mə]
- (2) Back-chaining: [mə] - [ɹəʊ.mə] - [ə.ɹəʊ.mə]
In English, syllables tend to follow a stressed-unstressed pattern, e.g. happy (though there are many exceptions). The order -ma, -roma and aroma respects this. Starting with a- and aro- entails reversing this pattern, which complicates learning. Teachers might also choose to present a chain as pairs of syllables, e.g. beginning with -roma, then aroma: this introduces the strong-weak stress pattern from the outset.
Footnotes
- ↑ Compare psychological in isolation, it's psychological and psychological profile, where only in the last does the main stress shift to another syllable.