Artillery: Difference between revisions
imported>Howard C. Berkowitz (New page: ((subpages}} '''Artillery''' is a term for devices, their supporting infrastructure, techniques and personnel for propelling '''payloads''' or '''projectiles''', over distances and obstacl...) |
imported>Howard C. Berkowitz (Clarified medieval, added subpages) |
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'''Artillery''' is a term for devices, their supporting infrastructure, techniques and personnel for propelling '''payloads''' or '''projectiles''', over distances and obstacles, to hit a target. Usually, the target is a physical object such as a building, a tank, or an aircraft. The target may also be a location in space to which the payload will burst, scattering materials as nonlethal as propaganda leaflets, or as dangerous as fragmenting explosives or nuclear weapons. | '''Artillery''' is a term for devices, their supporting infrastructure, techniques and personnel for propelling '''payloads''' or '''projectiles''', over distances and obstacles, to hit a target. Usually, the target is a physical object such as a building, a tank, or an aircraft. The target may also be a location in space to which the payload will burst, scattering materials as nonlethal as propaganda leaflets, or as dangerous as fragmenting explosives or nuclear weapons. | ||
==Categories of artillery launchers== | |||
Artillery includes cannon, unguided rockets, and guided missiles. It can include aircraft cannon and unguided rockets, but is not usually considered to include [[gravity bomb]]s or air-launched [[guided missile]]s. Artillery is most often fired from land, but also from warships. | |||
Artillery | Artillery existed before the invention of gunpowder and rocket propellants; medieval artillery used mechanical, rather than chemical, energy to propel projectiles. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! Propulsion | ! Propulsion | ||
! Guidance | ! Guidance | ||
|- | |||
| Historical weapons ([[ballista]], [[catapult]], [[trebuchet]], etc.) | |||
| Mechanical energy from tensed rope or fiber, or counterweight | |||
| Ballistic setting | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Cannon]] | | [[Cannon]] | ||
Revision as of 23:01, 26 May 2008
Artillery is a term for devices, their supporting infrastructure, techniques and personnel for propelling payloads or projectiles, over distances and obstacles, to hit a target. Usually, the target is a physical object such as a building, a tank, or an aircraft. The target may also be a location in space to which the payload will burst, scattering materials as nonlethal as propaganda leaflets, or as dangerous as fragmenting explosives or nuclear weapons.
Categories of artillery launchers
Artillery includes cannon, unguided rockets, and guided missiles. It can include aircraft cannon and unguided rockets, but is not usually considered to include gravity bombs or air-launched guided missiles. Artillery is most often fired from land, but also from warships.
Artillery existed before the invention of gunpowder and rocket propellants; medieval artillery used mechanical, rather than chemical, energy to propel projectiles.
| Type | Propulsion | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Historical weapons (ballista, catapult, trebuchet, etc.) | Mechanical energy from tensed rope or fiber, or counterweight | Ballistic setting |
| Cannon | Energy of propellant exploding behind projectile [Note 1]] | Ballistic setting of cannon; some guided shells |
| Unguided rockets | Propellant burning for at least part of the trajectory | Ballistic, preset fins Note 2 |
| Guided missile | Jet or rocket burning for at least part of the trajectory | Many types |
- Note 1: Some projectiles may have supplementary rockets, glide wings, or both, but the primary energy comes from the propellant gases in the cannon
- Note 2: Some multiple rocket launchers are deliberately inaccurate, firing tens of rockets whose variations cover an area.
Artillery, of all types, falls into the general category of direct fire or indirect fire. Indirect fire needs either preplanned trajectories for specific targets, a forward observer giving corrections to the firing unit, or the use of precision-guided munition that will adjust their course to go to location in space (GOLIS) or go onto target (GOT).
Most modern artillery must be operated by several people (i.e., crew-served weapon), and rarely can be moved by muscle power alone. It will be towed by a vehicle, lifeted by a helicopter, or may be self-propelled artillery