5-fluorouracil: Difference between revisions
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'''5-fluorouracil''' is an antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine, used as an | '''5-fluorouracil''' is an antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine, used as an antineoplastic agent]] but also as an immunomodulator in dermatology]]. | ||
==Mechanisms of Action== | ==Mechanisms of Action== | ||
Fluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into | Fluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA]] and inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits thymidylate synthase]], resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate]] (TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the ''in vivo'' synthesis of DNA]]. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA; incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and functions. <ref>{{citation | ||
| url = http://www.cancer.gov/drugdictionary/?CdrID=43130 | | url = http://www.cancer.gov/drugdictionary/?CdrID=43130 | ||
| title = fluorouracil | | title = fluorouracil | ||
| journal = Drug Dictionary, | | journal = Drug Dictionary, National Cancer Institute]]}}</ref> | ||
==Dermatology== | ==Dermatology== | ||
It is used topically for | It is used topically for actinic keratosis]]<ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Actinic Keratosis | | title = Actinic Keratosis | ||
| author = James M Spencer & Michelle Henry | | author = James M Spencer & Michelle Henry | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| journal = Medscape | | journal = Medscape | ||
| url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1099775-overview | | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1099775-overview | ||
}}</ref> and superficial | }}</ref> and superficial basal cell carcinoma]]; these indications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration]]. Other applications include actinic gheilitis]], carcinoma in situ]] of the glans penis]], oral leukoplakia]] and radiodermatitis]]. | ||
==Oncology== | ==Oncology== | ||
Approved parenteral indications are | Approved parenteral indications are colorectal cancer]], localized and metastatic gastric cancer]], metastatic breast carcinoma]], and pancreatic carcinoma]]. Additional uses include malignancy of the biliary tract]], localized breast carcinoma]], localized tumor of the anus, carcinoid syndrome]], bladder cancer]] malignancy, malignancy esophageal cancer]], head and neck tumor]], neuroendocrine carcinoma]]<ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion plus long acting octreotide in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. A phase II trial of the Piemonte Oncology Network | | title = Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion plus long acting octreotide in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. A phase II trial of the Piemonte Oncology Network | ||
| author = Maria P Brizzi ''et al.'' | | author = Maria P Brizzi ''et al.'' | ||
| journal = BMC Cancer | year = 2009|volume =9| page =388|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-9-388 | | journal = BMC Cancer | year = 2009|volume =9| page =388|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-9-388 | ||
| url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/9/388 | | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/9/388 | ||
}}</ref> and | }}</ref> and bladder cancer]]. | ||
It is often used in combined chemotherapy regimens, and also in concert with | It is often used in combined chemotherapy regimens, and also in concert with radiotherapy]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 02:17, 7 April 2024
| This article may be deleted soon. | ||
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 5-fluorouracil is an antimetabolite fluoropyrimidine analog of the nucleoside pyrimidine, used as an antineoplastic agent]] but also as an immunomodulator in dermatology]]. Mechanisms of ActionFluorouracil and its metabolites possess a number of different mechanisms of action. In vivo, fluoruracil is converted to the active metabolite 5-fluoroxyuridine monophosphate (F-UMP); replacing uracil, F-UMP incorporates into RNA]] and inhibits RNA processing, thereby inhibiting cell growth. Another active metabolite, 5-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-O-monophosphate (F-dUMP), inhibits thymidylate synthase]], resulting in the depletion of thymidine triphosphate]] (TTP), one of the four nucleotide triphosphates used in the in vivo synthesis of DNA]]. Other fluorouracil metabolites incorporate into both RNA and DNA; incorporation into RNA results in major effects on both RNA processing and functions. [1] DermatologyIt is used topically for actinic keratosis]][2] and superficial basal cell carcinoma]]; these indications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration]]. Other applications include actinic gheilitis]], carcinoma in situ]] of the glans penis]], oral leukoplakia]] and radiodermatitis]]. OncologyApproved parenteral indications are colorectal cancer]], localized and metastatic gastric cancer]], metastatic breast carcinoma]], and pancreatic carcinoma]]. Additional uses include malignancy of the biliary tract]], localized breast carcinoma]], localized tumor of the anus, carcinoid syndrome]], bladder cancer]] malignancy, malignancy esophageal cancer]], head and neck tumor]], neuroendocrine carcinoma]][3] and bladder cancer]]. It is often used in combined chemotherapy regimens, and also in concert with radiotherapy]]. References
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