< Scotland | CatalogsRevision as of 06:11, 20 November 2008 by imported>Peter Jackson
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The first king of Scotland is generally considered to be Kenneth MacAlpin in the 9th century. He united two kingdoms, the Picts and Dalriada. Almost two hundred years later, Malcolm II added the kingdom of Strathclyde to form something close to the modern boundaries. The kingdoms of England and Scotland had shared the same monarch since James the VI and I of Scotland inherited the throne of England on the death of Elizabeth I. Briefly, under Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, England and Scotland were joined as one Kingdom. This broke apart with the reinstatement of Charles II. However, it was not until the reign of Queen Anne I at the beginning of the 18th century that England and Scotland would be joined to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
Early monarchs
House of Bruce
| Date of Reign
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Name
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Comment
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| *1306-1329
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Robert I/Robert VIII de Bruce
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Confirmed independence at Northampton 1328.
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| *June 7, 1329-Feb 22, 1371
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David II
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House of Stewart (Scotland)
Commonwealth/protectorate
House of Stuart restored
Notes
The dates of many early monarchs are uncertain by a year or so.
The situation in the period 878-89 is uncertain. The throne may have been occupied by Eochaid, or Giric, or both, either jointly or successively.
In 1296, Edward I of England invaded Scotland, deposed King John, and annexed Scotland to the English crown. Over the ensuing period, there were a number of rebellions, and English power in Scotland was effectively ended by the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314.
In 1332, Edward Baliol was proclaimed and crowned king in opposition to David II. He ruled varying amounts of Scotland for various periods from then till 1356.
After the English army executed Charles I in 1649, Charles II was proclaimed king of Scots. In 1650, England declared war and invaded Scotland. In 1651, Charles II was crowned king of Scots and counter-invaded England. He was defeated and escaped to the continent. The remaining Scottish armies were mopped up by the end of the year, and Scotland was annexed by the English republic ("commonwealth").
In 1689, after King James had been removed from the English throne and replaced by William and Mary, the Scottish Parliament declared he had forfeited the Scottish throne.
