User:Milton Beychok/Sandbox

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Table 1: Higher Heating Value (HHV) Of Various Fuels
Fuel  Phase   Molecular 
Weight		 kJ/mol  MJ/kg   MJ/m3   Btu/lb   Btu/ft3 
Hydrogen [1] gas 2.016 285.84 141.79 12.75 60,986 324
Methane [1][2] gas 16.043 890.31 55.50 39.72 23,870 1,009
Ethane [1][2] gas 30.069 1,559.88 51.88 69.59 22,313 1,768
Propane [1][2] gas 44.096 2,220.05 50.35 99.05 21,654 2,516
Butane [1][2] gas 58.122 2,878.52 49.53 128.43 21,301 3,263
Ethanol [3] liquid 46.068 1,375.01 29.85 12,837
Gasoline [3] liquid 110 5,013.47 45.58 19,603
Kerosene [4] liquid 175 8,084.99 46.20 19,871
Diesel oil [4] liquid 225 10,124.99 45.00 19,355
Coal [5] solid 25.58 11,002
Wood (dry) [6] solid 21.14 9,093
Peat (dry) [7] solid 22.09 9,500
-- The gas temperature and pressure for the values of MJ/m3 are 0 °C and 101.325 kPa.
-- The gas temperature and pressure for the values of Btu/ft3 are 60 °F and 14.696 psia.
-- LPG is marketed as propane or butanes or a mixture of propane and butanes. 
-- Natural gas, after removal of contaminants and natural gas liquids (NGL), is essentially pure methane.
Table 2: Lower Heating Value (HHV) Of Various Fuels
Fuel  Phase   Molecular 
Weight		 kJ/mol  MJ/kg   MJ/m3   Btu/lb   Btu/ft3 
Hydrogen [1] gas 2.016 241.83 119.96 10.79 51,596 274
Methane [1] gas 16.043 802.32 50.01 35.80 21,511 909
Ethane [1] gas 30.069 1,427.84 47.49 63.70 20,424 1,618
Propane [1] gas 44.096 2,044.00 46.35 91.19 19,937 2,317
Butane [1] gas 58.122 2,658.45 45.74 118.61 19,673 3,013
Ethanol [3] liquid 46.0684 1,241.66 26.95 11,593
Gasoline [3] liquid 110 4,675.00 42.50 18,280
Kerosene [8] liquid 175 7,519.05 42.97 18,480
Diesel oil [8] liquid 225 9,395.99 41.76 17,961
Coal [8] solid 24.429 10,507
Wood (dry) [8] solid 20.09 8,639
Peat (dry) [8] solid 20.65 8,883
-- The gas temperature and pressure for the values of MJ/m3 are 0 °C and 101.325 kPa.
-- The gas temperature and pressure for the values of Btu/ft3 are 60 °F and 14.696 psia.
-- LPG is marketed as propane or butanes or a mixture of propane and butanes. 
-- Natural gas, after removal of contaminants and natural gas liquids (NGL), is essentially pure methane.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W. (Editors) (1997). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th Edition. McGraw Hill. ISBN ISBN 0-07-049841-5. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NIST Chemistry WebBook
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Heating Values of Hydrogen and Fuels U.S. Department of Energy
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Average of various sources
  5. ↑ There are a great many different coals. The values given here are of a single, specific bituminous coal on an "as received" basis which includes the ash and inherent moisture content of the coal.
  6. ↑ Table 1: Higher heating values for wood (oven dried) The values in this table are the average of oven-dried woods from 29 different species of trees, as listed in this publication of the U.S. Forest Service Laboratory.
  7. ↑ Thermal and Catalytic Upgrading in a Fuel Context: Peat, Biomass and Alkenes Thesis by Christina Hornell, Chemical Engineering Dept., Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 2001
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Estimated the difference between LHV and HHV
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