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Revision as of 20:59, 19 July 2010

"There isn't anything fun to do. Let's go play in my sandbox."

Anon. (Age 8)

Article Ideas, Fragments, etc

Sophonisba Breckinridge

Workgroups: Sociology (& Social Work subgroup); Law; History

Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge (1866-1948) was a social reformer, social worker, educator, author, editor, public welfare and academic administrator. She was one of the early residents of Hull House, after it was opened to residents (aka social settlers) by the founders Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. She was born in Lexington KY, to a family noted for its commitment to public service. Her father was a lawyer, a confederate Colonel, a US Congressman, and a staunch supporter of women's education. Her great-grandfather was a US Senator and US Attorney General under President Thomas Jefferson. A graduate of Wellesley College in 1888, she became the first woman to graduate from the University of Chicago Law School and was the first woman admitted to the bar in Kentucky. Although she never practiced law, Ms. Breckinridge used her legal training to pursue a variety of reform interests, including abused and neglected children, child labor, poor families, development of public welfare administration and advancement of the social work profession.

Breckinridge received a Ph.D. degree from the University of Chicago in 1901, and the following year joined the faculty of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy (which later became the University of Chicago School of Social Work). She remained on the faculty there until 1942. Other notable faculty colleagues at the time were Edith Abbott, first dean of the School, her sister Grace Abbott, and Julia C. Lathrop, who were also residents of Hull House. Breckinridge served as Dean from 1908 to 1920. At various times, she also served as a Chicago city health inspector, a probation officer for the Chicago Juvenile Court, a member of the executive committee of the Consumers' League, a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and as secretary of the Immigrants' Protective League, the American Association of Social Workers (a predecessor to the present National Association of Social Workers, President of the Illinois Conference on Social Welfare, organizer and president of the American Association of Schools of Social Work.

Julia Lathrop and Grace Abbott both later moved to Washington, where they served as the first and second directors of the U.S. Children's Bureau and were instrumental in the design, passage and implementation of a major, but ill-fated piece of national social legislation. Breckinridge is believed to have met Jane Addams and adopted the cause of social work around 1905. This group of women social work faculty members (and Hull House residents) advocated a very different model of social work from the social casework approach of Mary Richmond and the American branch of the charity organization movement. As a group, they placed strong emphasis on understanding social problems, working with, rather than for, those in need, legislative advocacy and “wholesale reform”, and public welfare administration. The adoption of the Sheppard-Towner Act in 1921 was one of the major successes of their approach through the Children's Bureau, although they were unable to repeat their success when that law expired in 1929. Some provisions of the act, however, were later included in Title IV of the Social Security Act when that legislation was drafted under the leadership of Edwin E. Witte and with the involvement of Frances Perkins, Arthur J. Altmeyer, and others in 1935.

Breckinridge was the first co-managing editor, along with Edith Abbott of Social Service Review. A partial list of her publications is included on the Works page of this entry.

From 1907 to the mid-1920s, Dr. Breckinridge lived part of each year at Hull House.

Bibliography page: Additional information about Sophonisba Breckinridge can be found in Lela Costin. Two Sisters for Social Justice: A Biography of Grace and Edith Abbott (1983).

The following list are for articles that need to be written by someone:

List of Communitarians

(One of the things that unites nearly all communitarians is that they deny that's what they are! The label is attributed by others).

List of Neoconservatives

Needed Articles

Theater

Title Composer/Librettist Setting Main Characters Date
First Produced 		Date
Movie
Annie Get Your Gun Irving Berlin Annie Oakley, "Wild Bill" Cody 1946 1950
Aspects of Love Andrew Lloyd Webber 1948 1948 1948
Cats Andrew Lloyd Webber 1900 1900
Evita Andrew Lloyd Webber Argentina 1900
Meet Me In St. Louis Irving Brecker/Fred Finklehoffe Worlds Fair of 1904 The Smith family 1944
My Fair Lady Edwardian London 1900
New York, New York 1900 1900
Oklahoma Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein Jr. Oklahoma Territory Curley McLain, Laurey Williams 1941 1955
Oliver
Pal Joey 1900
Private Lives Noël Coward London 1930
Phantom of the Opera Andrew Lloyd Webber Paris Opera, Paris Sewer 1941 1943
The Sound of Music Austria 1900 1900
South Pacific Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein Jr. WWII in Pacific 1949 1958
State Fair Richard Rodgers/Oscar Hammerstein Jr. Iowa State Fair The Frake family 1996 1945
West Side Story Leonard Bernstein 1900 1900
Wonderful Town NYC 1900 1900
Where’s Charley? 1900
The King and I Siam 1900
Guys and Dolls Broadway 1900
London Calling Noel Coward London Willy & George Craft 1923
Kiss Me Kate
A Chorus Line
Hair
No No Nanette
Jesus Christ, Superstar Tom Rice/Andrew Lloyd Webber
Max and
Gypsy Steven Sondheim 1971
Rent
Les Miserables
No No Nanette
Porgy and Bess
Starlight Express
Follies
Billy Elliot
Funny Girl
On the Town
42nd Street
Auntie Mame
The Wiz
Sunset Boulevard
Sweet Charity


Max and

Grey Gardens


Old Timeline

Date Event
1642-1651 English Civil War: Scarborough sides with the Royalists
March 1643 Castle garrison led by Sir Hugh Cholmley; briefly loses the Castle to his cousin, Captain Browne Bushell
August 1644 Parliamentary forces reach Scarborough following Royalist defeat at Marston Moor and the fall of York; Cholmley stalls with surrender negotiations
18th February 1645 Capture of Scarborough's port; first siege of the Castle by Parliamentary forces begins
24th　March 1645 Sir John Meldrum, leader of the Parliamentary forces, badly injured in clifftop fall; allows Royalist surprise attack and delays siege by six weeks
1st May 1645 Parliamentarians' Committee of Both Kingdoms orders that the Castle be taken at all costs
10th　May 1645 Royalist counter-attack leads to Parlimentary retreat after three-day bombardment and collapse of the keep's west wall
11th May 1645 Heavy hand-to-hand fighting around the barbican; Parliamentarians take heavier casualties, Meldrum killed
25th July 1645 Castle garrison surrenders following five-month siege
27th July 1648 New castle garrison goes over to the Royalist side
19th December 1648 Second siege brings Castle back under Parliamentary control; later used as a prison

References


(No workgroup is going to want to claim this!)

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